GALEN ON THE HYGIENE OF THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-840
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Personal Physician ◽  
To Come

Claudius Galenus is one of the most remarkable figures in medical history. Born at Pergamos in Asia Minor, A.D. 131, he travelled extensively, studied medicine at Alexandria, and in 162 settled in Rome, where in 169 he became the personal physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. In his text entitled Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda) he described the care of the newborn infant as follows: The newborn infant, in his entire constitution, should first be powdered moderately and wrapped in swaddling-clothes, in order that his skin may be made thicker and firmer than the parts within. For during pregnancy everything was equally soft, since nothing of a harder nature touched it from without, and no cold air came in contact with it, whereby the skin would be contracted and thickened, and would become tougher and denser than it was before and than the other parts of the body. But when the baby is born, it is necessarily going to come in contact with cold and heat and with many bodies harder than itself. Therefore it is appropriate that his natural covering should be best prepared by us for exposure. For infants who are in accordance with nature, a simple salt dusting-power is sufficient; for those whom it is necessary to sprinkle with dried leaves of myrrh, or something else of this sort, are obviously abnormal. But at present it is our purpose to discuss those of the best constitution. These, then, as has been said, having been wrapped in swaddling-clothes, should receive milk for nourishment, and baths of pure water; for they require a completely moist regime, since they have a moister constitution than those of other ages. . . .

GALEN ON A CRYING AND FUSSY INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Personal Physician ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Voice

Claudius Galenus, one of the greatest figures in medical history, was born at Pergamos in Asia Minor A.D. 131 and lived to be about 70 years old. He studied medicine at Alexandria, and in 162 settled in Rome, where in 169 he became personal physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Among his voluminous writings, none is superior to his book entitled Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda). The quotation below taken from Dr. Robert M. Green's superb translation of Galen's Hygiene will show his practical approach in soothing a crying and fussy infant. For no animal likes excess of anything, but always wants moderation. But moderation is not the same to all, for all moderation is relative to the individual. Therefore whoever undertakes the bringing up of infants must be able to guess accurately what is moderate and comfortable and provide this before increasing distress throws the body and mind into excess of activity, and if ever the increasing distress escapes his notice, to try to provide immediately the thing desired or to remove the annoyance either by rocking in the arms or by modulation of the voice, which sagacious nurses are accustomed to employ. Once, when a baby had cried and fussed and tossed all day, and the nurse was completely at a loss, I discovered the cause of the trouble. For when he did not quiet down by having the nipple put in his mouth or by the nurse holding him in case he wanted to move his bowels or urinate, and was not consoled even when by taking him in her arms she tried to make him lie down, I inspected his bed and his coverings and his soiled clothing, and the baby himself dirty and unwashed, and ordered her to wash and wipe him, change his bed, and give him completely clean clothing.

scholarly journals XIV.—Ancient Gold Ornaments: described by John Yonge Akerman, Esq. Secretary

Archaeologia ◽  
1853 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
John Yonge Akerman
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Plate Viii ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Small Loop ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Of Greece

With the exception of Figs. 1, 2, 3, the Gold Ornaments engraved in Plate VIII. have no reference whatever to each other. The first three were obtained by Viscount Strangford, Director of the Society, from a Greek priest at Milo, in the year 1820. Figs. 1 and 3 appear to have formed the ends of a light chain, and the other (fig. 2) to have been pendent by a small loop on the top of the head. The figure has unfortunately lost the feet and the left hand, but the other parts are perfect. The right hand is raised in an admonitory attitude. The forehead appears as if encircled with a wreath, while the body is crossed by what would seem to be intended for the tendril of a vine. The necklace was formerly in the collection of the late Mr. H. P. Borrell, of Smyrna, but I am informed by his brother, Mr. Maximilian Borrell, who now possesses it, that no record exists of its discovery, and that he cannot learn the name of the individual from whom it was purchased. It was well known that Mr. H. P. Borrell was in the habit of purchasing ancient coins, which were sent to him from all parts of Greece and Asia-Minor, and that many rare and unique specimens fell into his hands, of which he contributed descriptions in various volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle. The necklace may, therefore, have been included in one of these numerous consignments, and we can scarcely indulge the hope that the place of its discovery will ever be made known. As an example of ancient art, it may vie with the most elaborate and beautiful specimens of goldsmiths' work of any age or period. The details are wonderfully minute and delicate, even the backs of the button-like objects at the ends of the pendent cords being elaborately finished.

scholarly journals THE PUSH FOR THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE COURTS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION, IN THE WAKE OF COVID 19 AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT

2022 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Dr. N Jayarama Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
To Come

According to Salmond ‘Law may be defined as the body of principles Recognized and applied by the state in the administration of justice. We cannot Imagine our life without the law as it also governs the human conduct in day to day life, In a young democracy like that of democracy the Importance of Judiciary is Magnified, although it has its flaws, the Indian judiciary, especially the higher judiciary, has come through for the citizens more often than not, Things changed when the pandemic that struck the world in 2019 made its presence in India as well. It brought the life to standstill, like everything and everyone the judiciary was also affected by the deadly virus too, there was delay in justice, when the most foundational mandate of an institution is not being fulfilled, and its credibility will be called into question. On the other hand the Pandemic has blessed the judiciary in many ways, Indian judiciary has always lacked behind when it came to digital access, and digitalization was limited only to those people who wanted to access individual cases. The court proceedings were still based on old aged approach, however like it forced everyone hand to embrace a new way of living , the Pandemic forced the Indian judiciary to come out of its shell.

The Chatsworth Head

1938 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

Mrs. Strong in her publication of this head has described it fully and has discussed its place, as a work of art, in the history of Greek scuplture, and it is not my intention to discuss the head from those aspects. It is to be dated, as she has shown, to the second quarter of the fifth century, probably between 470 and 460. It probably represents an Apollo, and chronologically belongs to the group which includes the originals of the Cassel Apollo and the Terme Apollo, both marble copies of bronze originals. As to its stylistic kinship with these or other works, any discussion would be fruitless, for it would be impossible to arrive at any degree of probability in attempting to attribute either the Chatsworth head or the two Apollos mentioned to any one of the Greek artists of that age whose names are known, for we have little or no evidence for their style.The head was acquired by the sixth Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna from H. P. Borrell in 1838, and, according to a note from the vendor, was reported to have been found at Salamis in Cyprus. It would be a natural presumption that a head in the market at Smyrna would have been more likely to come from one of the Greek sites of Western Asia Minor. On the other hand, the mere fact that an unlikely, rather than a likely, provenance was given to the head is in its favour, for there would presumably be no reason to give it an unlikely provenance unless it was correct. So the head may really have come from Salamis in Cyprus. Further excavation at that site may throw more light on the subject. In any case, in the later years of the decade 470-460 B.C. there was a renaissance of Greek influence, especially Attic, in Cyprus after the battle of the Eurymedon.

scholarly journals On the special function of the skin

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 445-447
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Special Function ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Economy ◽  
Great Fall ◽  
Efficient Cause ◽  
Arteries And Veins

The purpose which is answered in the animal economy by the cutaneous exhalation has not hitherto been correctly assigned by physiologists: the author believes it to be simply the elimination from the system of a certain quantity of pure water, and he considers that the saline and other ingredients which pass oft at the same time by the skin are in too inconsiderable a quantity to deserve being taken into account. He combats by the following arguments the prevailing opinion, that this function is specially designed to reduce or to regu­late the animal temperature. It has been clearly shown by the experiments of Delaroche and Berger, that the power which animals may possess of resisting the effects of a surrounding medium of high temperature is far inferior to that which has been commonly ascribed to them; for in chambers heated to 120° or 130° Fahr., the temperature of animals is soon raised to 11° or even 16° above what it had been previously, and death speedily ensues. The rapid diminution or even total suppression of the cutaneous exhalation, on the other hand, is by no means followed by a rise in the temperature of the body. In general dropsies, which are attended with a remarkable diminution of this secretion, an icy coldness usually pervades both the body and the limbs. A great fall in the animal temperature was found by Fourcauld, Becquerel and Breschet to be the effect of covering the body with a varnish impervious to perspiration; and so serious was the general disturbance of the functions in these cir­cumstances, that death usually ensued in the course of three or four hours. The question will next arise, how does it happen that health and even life can be so immediately dependent as we find them to be on the elimination of so small a quantity of water as thirty-three ounces from the general surface of the body in the course of twenty-four hours? To this the author answers, that such elimination is important as securing the conditions which are necessary for the endosmotic trans­ference between arteries and veins of the fluids which minister to nutrition and vital endowment. It is admitted by physiologists that the blood, while still contained within its conducting channels, is inert with reference to the body, no particle of which it can either nourish or vivify until that portion of it which has been denomina­ted the plasma has transuded from the vessels and arrived in imme­diate contact with the particle that is to be nourished and vivified: but no physiologist has yet pointed out the efficient cause of these tendencies of the plasma, first, to transude through the wall of its efferent vessels, and secondly, to find its way back again into the afferent conduits. The explanation given by the author is that, in consequence of the out-going current of blood circulating over the entire superficies of the body perpetually losing a quantity of water by the action of the sudoriparous glands, the blood in the returning channels has thereby become more dense and inspissated, and is brought into the condition for absorbing, by endosmosis, the fluid perpetually exuding from the arteries, which are constantly kept on the stretch by the injecting force of the heart.

scholarly journals Pandangan Hindu terhadap Pemikiran Kefilsafatan Pythagoras

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Aryatnaya Giri
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

There is a similarity to the concept of philosophical thinking between Pythagoras and Hinduism. just call the first that Pythagoras believed in the existence of the Soul and the transfer of souls from the present being to the creatures to come. When someone dies, his soul returns to the world, enters the body of one animal. Hindus themselves know these teachings as <em>Punarbhawa </em>or <em>Samsara </em>which are part of <em>Panca Sraddha</em>. On the other hand, Pythagoras also stated that in order to achieve a pure life, one must eat meat and beans. With his belief, Pythagoras became an advocate of <em>vegetarianism</em>, which only ate vegetables and fruits, which in Hinduism were included in the teachings of <em>ahimsa</em>.

Grounded in the Body

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-306
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Boase
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embodied Language ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Human World ◽  
To Come ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
The Voice

The personification of Jerusalem as female in Lamentations is often the entry point for interpretive engagements with the book. Although Daughter Zion metaphorically represents the physical city, the figure is most often interpreted as a poetic means of portraying the suffering and distress of the human inhabitants of the city. Descriptions throughout are dominated by images of human suffering and degradation, and the struggle to come to terms with the trauma of military defeat and destruction. The book is, in its essence, anthropocentric. Does this mean, however, that these poems are limited only to an anthropocentric reading? Drawing on Bakhtinian dialogics, this paper explores the possibility of reading Lamentations 2 from another perspective. Taking its cue from Lamentations’ opening image of the widowed city seated (on the earth?), the discussion explores the metonymic potential of reading the embodied language of the text as a site of engagement with the other-than-human world. Through an excess of seeing, Lamentations 2 is read alongside Jer. 4:5–31as a means of retrieving the voice of another (non-human Other) in the text.


The Taste to Come

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 238-262
Author(s):  
Virgil W. Brower
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Body ◽  
Helene Cixous ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
To Come

This article exploits a core defect in the phenomenology of sensation and self. Although phenomenology has made great strides in redeeming the body from cognitive solipsisms that often follow short-sighted readings of Descartes and Kant, it has not grappled with the specific kind of corporeal self-reflexivity that emerges in the oral sense of taste with the thoroughness it deserves. This path is illuminated by the works of Martin Luther, Jean-Luc Marion, and Jacques Derrida as they attempt to think through the specific phenomena accessible through the lips, tongue, and mouth. Their attempts are, in turn, supplemented with detours through Walter Benjamin, Hélène Cixous, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The paper draws attention to the German distinction between Geschmack and Kosten as well as the role taste may play in relation to faith, the call to love, justice, and messianism. The messiah of love and justice will have been that one who proclaims: taste the flesh.

High Heels sebagai Agensi bagi Tubuh Wanita

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sunandar Macpal ◽  
Fathianabilla Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Experience Pain ◽  
Woman's Body

The aims of this paper is to explain the use of high heels as an agency for a woman's body. Agency context refers to pain in the body but pain is perceived as something positive. In this paper, the method used is a literature review by reviewing writings related to the use of high heels. The findings in this paper that women experience body image disturbance or anxiety because they feel themselves are not beautiful or not attractive. The use of high heels, makes women more attractive and more confident, on the other hand the use of high heels actually makes women feel pain and discomfort. However, for the achievement of beauty standards, women voluntarily allow their bodies to experience pain. However, the agency's willingness to beauty standards here is meaningless without filtering and directly accepted. Instead women keep negotiating with themselves so as to make a decision why use high heels.

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