Decreased Oxygenation and Hyperlipemia During Intravenous Fat Infusions in Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto R. Pereira ◽  
William W. Fox ◽  
Charles A. Stanley ◽  
Lester Baker ◽  
Jacob G. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Fat Infusion ◽  
Infusion Period

Eighteen appropriate-for-gestational-age premature infants with birth weights ranging from 0.77 to 1.89 kg received 1 gm/kg of body weight of fat emulsion, intravenously, over a four-hour period. Infants less than 1 week of age developed a significant decrease in Po2 levels (P < .05) during the fat infusion period. There were no changes in other pulmonary function parameters. Infants less than 1 week of age also developed significantly higher peak levels of plasma triglycerides than infants 2 to 3 weeks old (P < .05). A correlation between increment in triglyceride levels and postnatal age was demonstrated (r = .75), with the younger infants presenting the higher triglyceride levels. This study demonstrates that: (1) small premature infants receiving intravenous fat are more susceptible to hyperlipemia and hypoxemia during the first week of life; (2) hypoxemia associated with intravenous fat infusion does not result from changes in lung dynamics; (3) the capacity to tolerate intravenous fats is enhanced after the first week of life.

Fat Emulsion Tolerance in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates: Effect on Diffusion of Oxygen in the Lungs and on Blood pH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves W. Brans ◽  
Elizabeth B. Dutton ◽  
Donna S. Andrew ◽  
Elizabeth M. Menchaca ◽  
Donna L. West
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Fat Infusion

Forty-one very low birth weight neonates (820 to 1,510 g and 27 to 34 weeks of gestation) requiring total parenteral nutrition were randomly assigned to one of three regimens of administration of fat emulsion for a period of eight days. Groups I and II received the emulsion at a constant rate for, respectively, 24 and 16 hours, beginning with a daily dosage of 1 g/kg and increasing daily by 1 g/kg to a maximum of 4 g/kg. Group III received the emulsion at a constant rate or 4 g/kg for 24 hours. Blood pH and alveolar-arteriolar gradient of oxygen diffusion in the lungs were measured at regular intervals. The various regimens and rates of fat infusion appeared to have no deleterious effect on blood pH and alveolar-arteriolar oxygen diffusion gradient. Infusion rates as used in the study for appropriate for gestational age very low birth weight neonates appear to be safe, although caution is always warranted when dealing with tiny neonates whose pulmonary reserve is minimal. In view of data from other studies, it is suggested to infuse fat at a constant rate for 24 hours to avoid overloading the clearance mechanisms of fat particles from plasma.

scholarly journals Eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in children born prematurely with birth weight less than 1500g

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Garcia F. Neto ◽  
Mario Cicero Falcao
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Eruption Age ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objective: To describe the eruption chronology of the first deciduous teeth in premature infants with birth weight less than 1500g and to compare it according to gender and nutritional status at birth. Methods: Longitudinal study including 40 low birth weight premature infants of both genders. The tooth was considered erupted when the crown went through the gum and became part of the oral environment. The comparison of the eruption chronology in relation to gender and among children appropriate or small for gestational age was done by Student's t-test, being significant p<0.05. Results: The eruption of the first tooth (teeth) occurred, on average, with 11.0±2.1 months of chronological age and with 9.6±1.9 months corrected for prematurity. The first erupted teeth were the lower central incisors. The average eruption for males was 9.7±1.9 and, for females, 9.5±1.9 months, both corrected for prematurity (p=0.98). The average eruption in children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age was 10.1±1.4 months; for small for gestational age, it was 9.4±2.2, also corrected for prematurity (p=0.07). Conclusions: The average eruption age of the first teeth, corrected for prematurity, was 9.6 months. Sex and nutritional status at birth did not change the eruption chronology.

scholarly journals Impact of Birth Weight and Length on Primary Hypertension in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4649
Author(s):  
Aneta Weres ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Artur Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Primary Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Background: A child’s birth parameters not only enable assessment of intrauterine growth but are also helpful in identifying children at risk of developmental defects or diseases occurring in adulthood. Studies show that children born with a body weight that is small for their gestational age (SGA) are at a greater risk of hypertension though the inverse relation between excessive birth weight and the risk of primary hypertension in children is discussed less frequently. Purpose: To assess the impact of both birth weight and length on hypertension occurring in children aged 3–15 years. Methods: A total of 1000 children attending randomly selected primary schools and kindergartens were examined. Ultimately, the analyses took into account n = 747 children aged 4–15; 52.6% boys and 47.4% girls. The children’s body height and weight were measured; their blood pressure was examined using the oscillometric method. Information on perinatal measurements was retrieved from the children’s personal health records. Results: Compared to the children with small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight, the children with appropriate for gestational age birth weight (AGA) (odds ratio (OR) 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–2.65) present greater risk for primary hypertension. Infants born with excessive body weight >4000 g irrespective of gestational age, compared to infants born with normal body weight, show increased risk of primary hypertension (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.68–2.06). Higher risk of hypertension is observed in infants born with greater body length (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.97–1.08). Conclusions: The problem of hypertension may also affect children with birth weight appropriate for gestational age. The prevalence of hypertension in children with AGA birth weight decreases with age. Birth length can be a potential risk factor for hypertension in children and adolescents.

Glucose metabolism soon after birth in very premature infants with small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age birth weights

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuko Tsubahara ◽  
Hiromichi Shoji ◽  
Mari Mori ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
Mitsuru Ikeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Very Premature Infants

scholarly journals The recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for extremely and very low birth weight infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sharafutdinova ◽  
E. N. Balashova ◽  
O. V. Ionov ◽  
A. R. Kirtbaya ◽  
J. M. Golubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Anemia Of Prematurity

Anemia of prematurity is a common pathology in premature infants. The prevalence of anemia of prematurity is inversely proportional to the gestational age and body weight at birth. The pathogenetic importance of impaired erythropoietin (EPO) production in anemia of prematurity provides the rationale for therapy with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) including recombinant EPO. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different regimens of recombinant human erythropoietin in extremely and very low birth weight infants (ELBW and VLBW) was studied. Research has been set as a prospective analysis of 133 VLBW and ELBW infants (in the period from December 2017 to February 2019). Gestational age (GA) of the children ranged from 26 to 33 weeks, of these, GA of 75 children (56%) was 30 weeks or less. Depending on the treatment of anemia of prematurity all infants were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (n = 26) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 3 day of life 200 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 2 (n = 21) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 3 day of life 400 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 3 (n = 37) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 8 day of life 200 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 4 (n = 18) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 8 day of life 400 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 5 (n = 31) premature infants who did not receive treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (control group). Subgroups of children of gestational age ≤ 30 weeks were identified in each group. The groups and subgroups did not differ significantly in gestational age, weight, birth length, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of life, p > 0.05. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in the age of the 1st transfusion, the frequency and total volume of transfusions, the duration of respiratory therapy, the duration of hospitalization, including treatment in NICU, body weight and age at discharge. The frequency of retinopathy of prematurity stage ≥ 3, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia of moderate and severe severity, intraventricular hemorrhages of varying severity, necrotizing enterocolitis was not statistically significant in the study groups and subgroups. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood of premature infants were revealed at discharge. In the control group, children had a lower level of hemoglobin at discharge (94 g/l) compared with the groups with early appointment of ESAs (109 g/l and 107 g/l in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P0-1 = 0.048 and P0-2 = 0.047) due to newborn GA ≤ 30 weeks. It is preferable to use of the drug ESAs at a dose of 200 IU/kg 3 p/week p/, starting from the 3rd day of life. The effectiveness of erythropoietin therapy, the time of its start and various treatment regimens remain controversial issues that require further study. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov.

scholarly journals Endosurgical treatment of premature infants with inguinal hernias

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Yury A. Kozlov ◽  
Pavel A. Krasnov ◽  
Polina J. Baradieva ◽  
Denis A. Zvonkov ◽  
Chimit B. Ochirov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Laparoscopic Hernia Repair ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Inguinal Hernias ◽  
Effective Interventions

Introduction. An inguinal hernia is a serious surgical issue in premature infants as this is one of the reasons leading to increased lethality and longer treatment duration. The purpose of the study was to estimate the possibility and effectiveness of endosurgical treatment of inguinal hernias in premature infants.Material and methods. 705 patients with inguinal hernias aged 0–3 months have been treated at the Center for Surgery of Newborns in Irkutsk during the last 15 years from January 2004 to December 2018. The gestational age of 51 infants was less than 37 weeks. All the patients underwent laparoscopic hernia repair with extracorporeal ligation. During the final stage of the study, demographic data, intra- and postoperative results were compared.Results. The experience of treating 51 premature infants with inguinal hernias was analyzed. The children were distributed into groups as follows: 1,500–2,500 g for 35 patients, 1,000–1,500 g for 14 patients, less than 1,000 g for 2 patients. The average weight and age was 1,870 g/36.9 days for children with low body weight, 1148.3 g/48.9 days for children with very low body weight and 810 g/69 days for children with extremely low body weight. The average surgery duration ranged from 28.8 min to 35 min. According to the results of the study, increased gestational age and body weight decreases the risk of postoperative apnea from 100% to 11.8%.Conclusion. It must be noted that minimally invasive surgeries are less traumatic and effective interventions when treating premature infants with inguinal hernias. In infants with premature hernias, a surgery is always associated with the risk of postoperative apnea and AVL dependent on the body weight and gestational age.

Aminophylline Therapy for Idiopathic Apnea in Premature Infants: Effects on Lung Function

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-804
Author(s):  
Tilo Gerhardt ◽  
Jeane McCarthy ◽  
Eduardo Bancalari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Arterial Po2

The effect of aminophylline on lung function was studied in 14 premature infants with apnea (gestational age, 30.2 weeks; birth weight, 1,052 gm). The infants showed compromised pulmonary function with a large difference in alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient (83.9 mm Hg), a low normal lung compliance of 1.1 ml/cm H2O • kg, and a normal inspiratory resistance of 45.3 cm H2O/liter/sec. Aminophylline therapy did not change these functions significantly, but it decreased the incidence of apneic episodes from 29.7 to 4.4 per day. The effectiveness of aminophylline in treating apnea in premature infants must be related to its central stimulating effect and not to an improvement in lung function and oxygenation.

Acetylcholinesterase activity and bone biochemical markers in premature and full-term neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1363-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dokos ◽  
Christos Tsakalidis ◽  
Kyriakoula Manaridou ◽  
George Koliakos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Biochemical Markers ◽  
Premature Neonates

Abstract Background Almost 30% of the premature infants have low body weight and bone mineral density due to prematurity. There is no consensus of screening premature neonates for metabolic bone disease; therefore, it is important to investigate the use of bone biochemical parameters. Latest studies involved the activity of acetylcholinesterase as a mediator in bone remodeling. It is hypothesized that there is a possible correlation of bone biochemical biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in premature infants. Methods We studied 50 neonates (26 preterm with gestational age <32 weeks, 24 full-term). Clinical data (sex, gestational week) and anthropometric parameters (body weight) were recorded. We directly measured the bone biochemical markers in serum such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). In addition, we measured the AChE activity. Results ALP and parathyroid hormone levels were higher, but Ca, P and AChE were lower in premature neonates group compared with full-term ones. There is a significant positive correlation of gestational age with body weight, Ca and AChE. A significant negative correlation was observed for ALP and PTH with gestational age. Conclusions We found a gestational age-related increase of AChE activity. There were significant relationships between AChE activity with P and PTH.

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