Neonatal Polycythemia: II. Plasma, Blood, and Red Cell Volume Estimates in Relation to Hematocrit Levels and Quality of Intrauterine Growth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Yves W. Brans ◽  
Donna L. Shannon ◽  
Rajam S. Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Volume Estimates

Volumes of plasma (PV), blood (BV), and red cells (RCV) were estimated within 32 hours of birth in 39 neonates with normal growth, 14 neonates with intrauterine growth retardation, and 20 neonates with macrosomia. Total PV, BV, and RCV increased linearly with birth weight and were unaffected by deviation in the quality of fetal growth. In proportion to body weight, PV/kg, BV/kg, and RCV/kg correlated neither with birth weight nor with the quality of intrauterine growth. Neonates with umbilical vein hematocrit (UV Hct) levels 51% to 60%, 61% to 65%, and 66% to 77% had progressively lower, but not statistically different, mean PV/kg (38.1 ± 4.49, 37.6 ± 5.41, and 34.8 ± 5.16 ml/kg, respectively). On the other hand, they had progressively higher mean BV/kg (90 ± 10.1 vs 101 ± 13.7 ml/kg, P < .002, and vs 110 ± 19.0 ml/kg, P < .001). They also had progressively higher mean RCV/kg (52 ± 7.4, 64 ± 8.7, and 75 ± 16.4 ml/kg, P < .001). Although PV/kg did not correlate with UV Hct, both BV/kg and RCV/kg increased linearly with increasing UV Hct (r = .58 and r = .79, respectively). Volume estimates were repeated after partial exchange transfusion in 29 neonates. Mean UV Hct decreased from 63 ± 5.9% preexchange to 51 ± 5.2% postexchange (P < .001), mean PV increased from 37.7 ± 5.56 to 47.6 ± 7.99 ml/kg (P < .001) and mean RCV decreased from 67 ± 16.5 to 51 ± 12.3 ml/kg (P < .001). Despite precautions to keep the partial exchange isovolemic, mean BV decreased from 105 ± 18.7 to 98 ± 18.0 ml/kg (P = .001) and the mean PV increase (10 ml/kg) was less than the mean RCV decrease (16 ml/kg). These data suggest that neonates with polycythemia have normal PV but their RCV and BV are elevated in direct proportion to UV Hct. "Isovolemic" partial exchange transfusion decreases UV Hct, RCV, and BV and increases PV.

Gestational Age-Specific Birthweights of Twins Versus Singletons

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
F.R. Witter ◽  
H. Abbey ◽  
T. Feng ◽  
A.B. Namnoum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
White Males ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn order to more adequately characterize patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in twins, the mean birthweights of all nonanomalous white or black twins born between 24 and 41 weeks of gestation and surviving until discharge over an 11-year period (547 infants) and all similar singletons (19,072 infants) were compared by completed weeks of gestation. Between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation, the mean birthweights for the 547 twins and the 19,072 singletons were comparable and did not consistently differ statistically. From 36 to 41 weeks gestation, however, the difference became large, consistent, and statistically significant for each week at P < 0.0001. This difference was present among all subgroups of twins, ie, in all males, females, blacks, and whites; it was still evident when the sample was further stratified by both race and sex (black males, white males, black females, white females). These data suggest a pattern of growth retardation in twins compared to singletons which is large, consistent, and statistically significant beginning at 36 weeks gestation. Clinically, these data also suggest the need for ultrasonic examination early in gestation (24-32 weeks) to document normal growth and to provide baseline data, and show the importance of such monitoring later in gestation, specifically after 36 weeks.

Intrauterine Growth and Gestational Duration Determinants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-511
Author(s):  
Michael S. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Gestational Duration ◽  
Quantitative Importance

Despite the general recognition that low birth weight can be caused by many factors, confusion and controversy remain about which factors have independent causal effects, as well as the quantitative importance of those effects. Previous research findings have often been conflicting because of a failure to distinguish intrauterine growth retardation from prematurity, differences in focus (means v rates), inadequate control for confounding variables, and insufficient statistical power. This review of the English and French language medical literature published between 1970 and 1984 is based on a critical assessment and meta-analysis of 895 studies concerning 43 potential determinants of intrauterine growth or gestational duration. Based on methodologic standards established a priori for each candidate determinant, the best studies were used to assess the existence and magnitude of an independent causal effect on birth weight, gestational age, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation. Factors with well-established direct causal impacts are identified, and their relative importance is indicated for "typical" developing and developed country settings. Modifiable factors with large effects are targeted for public health intervention in the two settings. Finally, factors of potential quantitative importance, but for which data are either unavailable or inconclusive, are highlighted as priorities for future research.

P037 Does perinatal history and delivery enhance the risk of hip involvement in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis patients? A case-control study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makhlouf Yasmine ◽  
Hanene Ferjani ◽  
Affes Hassen ◽  
Kaouther Maatallah ◽  
Dorra Ben Nessib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Hip Dislocation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Children are vulnerable to congenital and developmental hip disorders. One of the causes of coxitis among children is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Existing data on associations between maternal and early childhood exposures highlighted the potential role of prematurity in JIA [1]. The aim of this study was to compare perinatal history in JIA children with coxitis compared with patients with other causes of hip involvement. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including children with JIA complicated with coxitis and patients with other causes of hip involvement. We recorded sociodemographic data and the hip disorder. The mode of delivery, the values of the neonatal birth weight as well as the delivery method (vaginal, cesarean (C) section) were retrieved from medical records. We divided the patients into two groups: G1: JIA patients with coxitis and G2: patients with other causes of hip involvement. We compared delivery mode, as well as perinatal outcomes between the two groups. Results The study included 81 patients. There was a male predominance (59.3% males vs 40.7% females) with a sex-ratio of 1.45. The mean age of diagnosis was 9.9 years [1–16]. The mean disease duration was 9 months [0.1–156]. Hip disorders were distributed as follows: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (n = 3), epiphysiolysis of the femur head (n = 30), transient synovitis of the hip n = 7, septic hip (n = 10), tumor (n = 4), hip dislocation (n = 8), hip dysplasia (n = 4), juvenile idiopathic arthritis with coxitis (n = 15). The mean birth weight of the children was 3.4 kg [1.3–9]. About half of the patients had a natural delivery (55.6%) and most of them a face presentation (71.6%). A twin pregnancy was reported only in 2.5% of cases. Childbirth complications were reported in 7.4% of cases: umbilical cord prolapse (n = 1), Meconium aspiration syndrome (n = 1), failure to descend (n = 1), acute fetal distress (n = 3). Most of them had a normal growth and psychomotor development (96% and 97% respectively). There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding delivery mode and fetal presentation before birth (P = 0.07, P = 0.48 respectively). Similarly, weight at birth was similar between JIA children and patients with other hip involvement (P = 0.52). Conclusion Our study showed that maternal and perinatal history did not differ between JIA patients with coxitis and patients with other causes of hip involvement.

HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
J. Urrusti ◽  
P. Yoshida ◽  
L. Velasco ◽  
S. Frenk ◽  
A. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN IRELAND

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID MADDEN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThere is now fairly substantial evidence of a socioeconomic gradient in low birth weight for developed countries. The standard summary statistic for this gradient is the concentration index. Using data from the recently published Growing Up in Ireland survey, this paper calculates this index for low birth weight arising from preterm and intrauterine growth retardation. It also carries out a decomposition of this index for the different sources of low birth weight and finds that income inequality appears to be less important for the case of preterm births, while father's education and local environmental conditions appear to be more relevant for intrauterine growth retardation. The application of the standard Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition also indicates that the socioeconomic gradient for low birth weight appears to arise owing to different characteristics between rich and poor, and not because the impact of any given characteristic on low birth weight differs between rich and poor.

scholarly journals Growth hormone therapy and Quality of Life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms

2003 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Hull ◽  
S Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Pulmonary Physiology ◽  
Short Children ◽  
The Relationship

The actions of growth hormone (GH) are not restricted to growth: GH modulates metabolic pathways as well as neural, reproductive, immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary physiology. The importance of GH in most physiological systems suggests that GH deficiency at any age would be associated with significant morbidity. However, prior to the advent of recombinant GH, cadaver-derived GH was only used therapeutically to correct the height deficit, and thereby hypothetically improve quality of life (QoL), in GH-deficient children. Physicians now have access to unlimited, albeit expensive, supplies of recombinant GH, and are considering the advisability of GH replacement or supplementation in other patient populations. This paper analyses studies investigating the relationship between GH and QoL in GH-deficient children or adults, in GH-replete short children suffering from idiopathic short stature, Turner syndrome, or intrauterine growth retardation and in GH-deficient or replete elderly adults. Possible mechanisms by which GH might improve QoL at neural and somatic sites are also proposed.

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