EARLY INTEREST IN PEDIATRICS IN SOUTH CAROLINA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
JOSEPH IOOR WARING
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical Writers

FROM the few existing accounts of the development of pediatrics in America one gets the impression that there was little or no recorded concern for the subject before the early part of the nineteenth century. Garrison mentions Thomas Thacher's "Brief Rule" (1677-78), Samuel Bard's paper on "Angina Suffocative" (1771), Benjamin Rush's writings on the Cholera Infantum (1773) and Hezekiah Beardsley's paper on Pyloric Stenosis (1788) as the only writings of pediatric interest which were published before 1800. Adams previously had considered Rush as one of the first in this country to write on pediatric subjects, counting Rush's "Account of the Influenza, as it appeared in Philadelphia in the Autumn of 1789, the Spring of 1790, and the Winter 1791" as a contribution to the clinical description of the disease in children, and crediting Charles Caldwell's thesis written in 1796 at the University of Pennsylvania on "An Attempt to Establish the Original Sameness of Three Phenomena of Fever (principally confined to infants and children) described by medical writers under the several names of Hydrocephalus Internus, Cynanche Trachealis and Diarrhea Infantum" with being the first truly pediatric publication in this country. With such scanty background for our enormous pediatric literature of the present, it might not be amiss to note some few writings which came out of Charleston in the 18th and early part of the 19th centuries, and, without trying to squeeze too much blood out of a turnip, to show that there was some written evidence of interest in pediatrics which was perhaps somewhat more localized in South Carolina than in any other parts of the country.

HOW TO FEED THE INFANT WHEN BREAST MILK WAS NOT AVAILABLE, ACCORDING TO SIR ARTHUR CLARKE, M.D., WRITING IN 1828

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Made In

One of the best known books written for mothers in the early part of the nineteenth century was Sir Arthur Clark's: The Young Mother's Assistant; or a Practical Guide for the Prevention and Treatment of the Diseases of Infants and Children. If breast milk should not be available, Sir Arthur recommended the following: Should an infant, from accidental or other circumstances, be deprived of its food from the breast of its mother or nurse, an artificial substitute for it must be supplied; and it is evident that in this case the closer we can imitate nature the better. For this purpose a suckling bottle should be procured, the mouth of which should be as wide as that of an eight-ounce viol, [sic] which is to be stopped with sponge, covered with gauze, and made in size and shape to resemble a nipple. The following preparation is most suitable for an infant, as it comes nearest in quality to the mother's milk, and may be sucked through the sponge. On a small quantity of a crum [sic] of bread pour some boiling water; after soaking for about ten minutes, press it, and throw the water away, (this process purifies the bread from alum or any other saline substance which it may have contained); then boil it in as much soft water as will dissolve the bread and make a decoction of the consistence of barley water: to a sufficient quantity of this decoction, about a fifth part of fresh cow's milk is to be added, and sweetened with the best soft sugar.

XIV. The Social Status of Chaucer's Franklin

PMLA ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Hall Gerould
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Social ◽  
Edward Iii ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject

An uncertainty as to the social position of franklins in general, and of Chaucer's Franklin in particular, has occasionally manifested itself since the early part of the nineteenth century. In 1810, Todd quoted an elaborate note from Waterhous's Commentary on Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum Angliae, which tended to show that franklins did not belong to the gentry. Todd was unable to square this with the fact that (Chaucer's Franklin was “at sessiouns,” since by a statute of Edward III, which he cited, justices were seigneurs, and that he was “ofte tyme” a knight of the shire, since by another statute members of parliament were “chivalers et serjantz des meulz vaues du paies.”) Todd was thus left in doubt as to the gentility of the Franklin. As a later examination of Fortescue's remarks will show, it is not he but his commentator who must be blamed for lowering the status of Chaucer's sanguine country gentleman. If Todd had been of firmer mind, or if he had studied the subject more deeply, he would not have left the matter in doubt—a trap for unwary feet in later times.

The Origin and Early Development of Chinese Connections at the University of Pennsylvania Law School

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Students ◽  
Law School ◽  
Law Students ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
American Law ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The University of Pennsylvania Law School has had a long relationship with Chinese students; indeed, it was among the pioneers in the admission of Chinese students in America. To better understand the origin of this affiliation, this article traces the relationship between the celebrated Chinese diplomat Wu Ting-Fang and the then Dean William Draper Lewis, exploring the pivotal role this relationship played in forging the law school’s Chinese ties. The association was cemented when Penn Law School welcomed its first Chinese undergraduate student in 1906 and graduate student in 1908. The lesser known details of these two pioneering Chinese law students’ backgrounds, academic pursuits at Penn Law School and their key achievements upon graduation are revealed in this article as well. Against a backdrop of racial prejudice and the legal subordination of Asian peoples in a new American empire, the personal efforts of men such as Dean Lewis were critical in the admission of the first cohort of Chinese law students to American law schools in the early part of the twentieth century.

Episcopal Visitation of Cathedrals in the Church of England

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 266-288
Author(s):  
Philip Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church ◽  
Point Of Reference

In December 1994 the Revd Philip LS Barrett BD MA FRHistS FSA, Rector of Compton and Otterbourne in the Diocese of Winchester, successfully submitted a dissertation to the University of Wales College of Cardiff for the degree of LLM in Canon Law, entitled ‘Episcopal Visitation of Cathedrals in the Church of England’. Philip Barrett, best known for his magisterial study, Barchester: English Cathedral Life in the Nineteenth Century (SPCK1993), died in 1998. The subject matter of this dissertation is of enduring importance and interest to those engaged in the life and work of cathedrals, and the Editor invited Canon Peter Atkinson, Chancellor of Chichester Cathedral, to repare it for publication in this Journal, so that the author's work might receive a wider circulation, but at a manageable length. In 1999 a new Cathedrals Measure was enacted, following upon the recommendations of the Howe Commission, published in the report Heritage and Renewal (Church House Publishing 1994). The author was able to refer to the report, but not to the Measure, or to the revision of each set of cathedral Statutes consequent upon that Measure. While this limits the usefulness of the author's work as a point of reference for the present law of cathedral visitations, its value as an historical introduction remains.

Excavations at Ur of the Chaldees

1923 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leonard Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Great War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Made In

It was in the middle of the nineteenth century that the site of Ur was identified and the excavation of its ruins begun by G. E. Taylor, consul at Basra, acting on behalf of the British Museum. A number of antiquities was brought back to London, but the unsensational character of the finds in southern Mesopotamia caused them to be overshadowed by the striking discoveries then being made in the northern mounds, and work was abandoned, not to be resumed until the Great War put the British in temporary possession of the country and gave it a fresh interest in the eyes of the public. In the latter part of the war Mr. R. Campbell Thompson, working for the British Museum, made soundings at Ur, but did not carry out extensive excavations; in 1919 Dr. H. R. Hall was sent out by the Trustees and began a systematic investigation of the site, employing a considerable force of men for nearly three months, and obtaining important results. Dr. Hall's work made it evident that if the site of Ur was to be tackled seriously, a whole series of campaigns extending over many years and involving very heavy outlay would be required, campaigns to which the post-war finances of the British Museum were by no means adequate. Fortunately the Trustees were at this juncture able to join forces with the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania, and it was decided that an expedition should take the field at the joint expense of the two institutions, which should also share with the Iraq Government in the material results of the work. Of this joint expedition I was asked to take charge. Mr. F. G. Newton came as architect of the party, Mr. Sidney Smith of the British Museum dealt with the inscriptions, and at the end of the year we were joined by Mr. A. W. Lawrence. Hamoudi, my Carchemish foreman, was put in charge of the men; the actual labourers were the Muntafik Arabs of the district. Digging started at the beginning of November and went on without interruption, owing to an unusually clement winter, until halfway through February.

scholarly journals Richard Tecwyn Williams, 20 February 1909 - 29 December 1979

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 685-717 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Toxic Mechanisms

The study of foreign compound metabolism is now a well established discipline with important ramifications into pharmacology and toxicology. For its origins one must look to the early part of the nineteenth century and to the work of German organic chemists such as Liebig, Wohler and Keller. They were fascinated by observations that organic substances such as benzoic acid, when introduced into the animal body, underwent chemical reactions similar to those they witnessed occurring in the test tube. The subject rapidly developed during the latter part of the nineteenth century under the influence of German physiological chemists such as Baumann, von Mering, Jaffe and Schmiedeberg. Indeed by 1900 the major pathways of foreign compound metabolism had been described as had been also the concept of ‘Entgiftung’ (detoxication). A factor responsible for this rapid development was the emergence of the new chemical industry manufacturing both heavy chemicals and pharmaceuticals such as acetanilide, aspirin and phenacetin. There was a need to establish a chemical basis to understand the toxic effects of these substances and one adopted approach to this was to study the ‘de-toxification’ of such substances in the animal body. The idea of the importance of metabolic studies in understanding toxic mechanisms is not therefore a new one.

The Gospel of Rags: Melodrama at the Britannia, 1863–74

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 369-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Popular Theatre ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Subject ◽  
East End ◽  
The University

We are happy to return to the Britannia Theatre, Hoxton, the subject of pioneering studies by Clive Barker in the original Theatre Quarterly, where he used the ‘Brit’ as focus for an overview of the problems of researching nineteenth-century popular theatre in TQ4 (1971), proceeding to a detailed analysis of our knowledge of the nature and composition of the theatre's audiences in TQ34 (1979). Jim Davis now turns to the repertoire of the theatre, and, for one representative decade from 1863 to 1874, explores the sources of the melodramas presented there – a great many of them specially written or adapted by popular ‘house dramatists’. He also examines the values which may be discerned to underlie the most popular plays, and in the process, by going to manuscript sources rather than to the inevitably more ‘respectable’ plays that reached print, uncovers a more radical repertoire than previous authorities had assumed. Jim Davis, who currently teaches in the Theatre Department of the University of New South Wales, has published widely in the field of nineteenth-century theatre, including a survey of nautical melodrama in NTQ14 (1988) and a study of the ‘reform’ of the East End theatres in NTQ23 (1990).

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