Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine in Healthy 12- to 24-Month-Old Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-518
Author(s):  
Candice E. Johnson ◽  
Paul A. Shurin ◽  
Deborah Fattlar ◽  
Leonard P. Rome ◽  
Mary L. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Older Siblings

We studied live attenuated Oka/Merck varicella vaccine in 147 seronegative children 12 to 24 months of age and their 94 seronegative older siblings 2 to 12 years of age. The vaccine side effects were mild, consisting of a papular rash in 15 of 147 (10.2%) children 12 to 24 months and seven of 94 (7.4%) siblings. In a subset of 12- to 24-month-old children, modified fluorescent antibody test for membrane antigen was not detectable at seven days postimmunization but was detectable in 50% by 14 days and in 100% by 21 days. Within 6 weeks, 96.6% of children 12 to 24 months and 94.7% of siblings seroconverted. The geometric mean titer did not vary with age at immunization. One-year blood samples were obtained from 70 children 12 to 24 months of age who seroconverted; 92.9% retained detectable antibody. The geometric mean titer had decreased from 55.7 to 18.6. Of these 70 children, 34% had been exposed to varicella since immunization, and two cases of varicella were observed in seroconverters. Both cases were mild, with less than 50 vesicles. Oka/Merck varicella vaccine appears to be safe, highly immunogenic, and protective against 96% of exposures to natural varicella during the first year after vaccination in infants. Those cases of varicella that develop in immunized children appear substantially reduced in severity.

scholarly journals Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano B. Figueiredo ◽  
Maria F. Madeira ◽  
Lílian D. Nascimento ◽  
Tuanne R. Abrantes ◽  
Eliame Mouta-confort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
One Year

The Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Varicella Zoster Virus Immunity in Healthy Korean Children Assessed by Glycoprotein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen Test

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Yunhwa Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Hwang ◽  
Kyung-Min Lee ◽  
Eunsil Lee ◽  
Hosun Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Post Vaccination

The prevalence of varicella is especially high among children in the age group of 4–6 years in South Korea, regardless of vaccination. We investigated the immune status of healthy children enrolled in day-care centers and compared pre- and post-vaccination immunity. Antibody titers were measured using a glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpEIA) kit, and the seroconversion rate was assessed using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 541 vaccinated children, 109 (20.1%) had breakthrough varicella. However, 13 (72.2%) of the 18 unvaccinated children had a history of varicella. The gpEIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) of pre- and 5 weeks post-vaccination in 1-year-old children were 14.7 and 72 mIU/mL, respectively, and the FAMA seroconversion rate was 91.1%. The gpEIA GMTs of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children were 104.1, 133.8, 223.5, 364.1, and 353.0 mIU/mL, respectively. Even though the gpEIA GMT increased with age, the pattern of gpEIA titer distribution in 4- to 6-year-old vaccinees without varicella history represented both waning immunity and natural boosting immunity. These results suggest that some vaccinees are vulnerable to varicella infection. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen in South Korea.

Long-Term Protective Immunity of Recipients of the OKA Strain of Live Varicella Vaccine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshizo Asano ◽  
Takao Nagai ◽  
Takao Miyata ◽  
Takehiko Yazaki ◽  
Shigemitsu Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mean Diameter

In spite of close contacts with patients who had varicella, 101 of 106 (95%) healthy and sick children (142 of 147 (97%) exposures of these children) who had received the OKA strain of live varicella vaccine 7 to 10 years earlier were protected against the disease completely. Among them, 37 of 38 (97%) vaccine recipients who received immunologic testing had varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibodies tested by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen method with a geometric mean titer of 1:9.3, and 37 of the 38 (97%) showed positive skin reaction to varicella-zoster virus antigen with erythema (mean diameter 13.4 mm). These findings were compared with those for 29 children who had contracted typical varicella 7 to 10 years earlier, whose seropositive rate was 100% with a geometric mean titer of 1:10.5, and 97% of whom (28/29) had positive skin reaction with mean diameter of 12.9 mm. These results indicate that the vaccine-induced protective immunity persists for approximately one decade and is almost equal to the long-term immunity following natural infection.

scholarly journals 987. Repeated Exposure to an Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Subunit Influenza Virus Vaccine (aQIV): A Randomized, Observer Blind, Multicenter Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S292-S292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Daly ◽  
Keith Ramsey ◽  
Aino Forsten ◽  
Esther Heijnen ◽  
Brett Leav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Influenza Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Company Stock ◽  
Immunogenicity Assessment ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy associated with administration of of aQIV in children 6 months through 5 years of age was investigated.1 Although enhanced immunogenicity in children was demonstrated for MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccines after first administration, the impact of repeated vaccination on immunogenicity and safety has not been evaluated. Methods A total of 607 subjects who participated in parent study, now aged 12 months through 6 years, were enrolled the subsequent year and received a single dose of study vaccine. Enrolled subjects received the same type of influenza vaccine administered in the parent study (aQIV or nonadjuvanted comparator). Blood samples were taken for immunogenicity assessment prior to the second year vaccination, and 21 and 180 days after vaccination. Results At baseline, approximately 12 months after vaccination in the parent study, subjects in the aQIV group had significantly greater geometric mean titer (GMT) values against all four homologous strains compared with subjects in the nonadjuvanted vaccine group. After year 2 vaccination, CBER criteria for seroconversion and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer ≥1:40 were met for the aQIV group for all four homologous strains tested at Day 22. At both Day 22 and Day 181, subjects who received aQIV had significantly greater GMT values for HI against all four homologous strains compared with those who received nonadjuvanted vaccine. Increased immune response of aQIV vs. nonadjuvanted vaccine was also observed for the selected heterologous strains tested at baseline, Day 22 and Day 181. In terms of safety, transient and generally mild to moderate reactogenicity was more commonly observed in the aQIV group vs. the nonadjuvanted group, but overall safety profiles were similar and comparable to the parent study. Conclusion This first-year revaccination study in young children confirms enhanced immunogenicity and similar safety profile after repeat aQIV vaccination compared with repeat nonadjuvanted influenza vaccination. Reference 1.Vesikari T et al. Lancet Respir Med 2018;6:345–356. Disclosures K. Ramsey, Seqirus: Investigator, Research support. Novartis: Investigator, Research support. E. Heijnen, Seqirus: Employee and Shareholder, Global Employee Share Plan and Salary. B. Leav, Seqirus: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. J. Oberye, Seqirus: Employee and Shareholder, Global Employee Share Plan and Salary. B. Zhang, Seqirus: Employee and Shareholder, Company stock and Salary. T. Vesikari, Seqirus: Consultant, Consulting fee.

Humoral Immunity and Clinical Reinfections Following Varicella Vaccine in Healthy Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice Johnson ◽  
Leonard P. Rome ◽  
Terry Stancin ◽  
Mary L. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

The duration of immunity following vancella-zoster vaccination in healthy children remains a critical issue. In a 3-year study of 140 OKA/Merck vaccine recipients, duration of immunity was assessed by two measures. The first was persistence of varicellazoster antibody measured by modified fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test. Thirty-six toddler vaccinees 12 to 24 months of age had sera obtained at 6 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Geometric mean titer ± SD at 6 weeks was 57.7 ± 2.9; at 1 year, it was 12.4 ± 3.9; at 2 years, it was 9.9 ± 3.9. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant overall decrease in antibody titer with time (F = 30.62, P < .001). Post hoc comparisons indicated that the 6-week and 1-year titers were significantly different (P < .001), but the difference between 1 and 2 years was not (P = .138). Clinical reinfections were also examined for 3 years after vaccination. Suspected varicella cases were confirmed by a fourfold or more increase in titer. Of 84 toddlers, 68 were exposed one or more times, and 6 became reinfected. Of 49 siblings, 45 were exposed, and one became reinfected. All 7 children had < 70 vesicles and 6 of 7 were afebrile. No cases of zoster occurred. It is concluded that OKA/Merck varicella-zoster vaccination leads to antibody persistence for 2 years and the few reinfections that do occur are greatly attenuated.

Immunogenicity of Subcutaneous Versus Intramuscular Oka/Merck Varicella Vaccination in Healthy Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Penelope H. Dennehy ◽  
Keith S. Reisinger ◽  
Mark M. Blatter ◽  
Barbara A. Veloudis
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

To compare the immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccine by either subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, 166 healthy children aged 12 months to 10 years old who had no prior history of varicella were enrolled from two pediatric practices and randomly assigned to receive 0.5 mL of a single lot of varicella vaccine. Sera from the day of and 6 weeks postvaccination were tested for varicella antibody by gpELISA. Parents recorded clinical events occurring in the 6 weeks following vaccination. In the 132 evaluable children, the mean prevaccination titer was 0.3 gpELISA units for both groups. Sixty-three (97%) of the 65 receiving varicella vaccine by the subcutaneous route seroconverted compared with 67 (100%) of 67 immunized intramuscularly. Postvaccination geometric mean titer in the subcutaneous group was 6.9 ± 7.0 gpELISA units and did not differ significantly from the geometric mean titer of 10.5 ± 4.4 in the intramuscular group. Varicella vaccine was generally well tolerated by either route; 21% of both groups complained of reactions at the injection site and 7% had a varicella-like rash. Although varicella vaccine is recommended to be given subcutaneously, the results of this study indicate that inadvertent intramuscular administration of varicella vaccine is not reason for revaccination.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle of microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. de Moura ◽  
S.C Osaki ◽  
D.L Zulpo ◽  
J.L Garcia ◽  
E.B Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Blood Samples

Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in blood samples of 250 bovine beef cattle of the microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná State was verified by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) (> 1:200) and correlated to age, sex and breed of animals. The statistical analysis was carried out through Fisher's Exact and qui-square tests (p < 0.05) to associate the results of the serology with the analyzed variables. From 250 evaluated samples, 33 (13.2 %) were positive for N. caninum. The titles obtained for N. caninum were 1:200 (8), 1:400 (14) and 1:800 (11). Seropositives animals were present in 40% (10/25) of the evaluated properties. These results demonstrate wide distribution of the protozoa among the beef cattle in the region of Guarapuava, PR. Animals without defined breed showed higher rates of seropositives for N. caninum (P = 0.002). The age had positive association with the incidence of antibodies against N. caninum (P = 0.02), indicating that horizontal transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of this coccidia.

scholarly journals Human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in Nasca, Peru: A seroepidemiological survey (1)

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Maria SOLIS ACOSTA ◽  
Cláudio Santos FERREIRA ◽  
Maria Esther de CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
One Year

We estimated the proportion of seropositivity for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease) in a sample of the rural population of the Province of Nasca, Department of Ica, southwestern Peru. Although Triatoma infestans, the only vector species identified in the Department of Ica, is often found in domestic environments, data of the extent of human infection with T. cruzi are scant. This study comprised 446 houses, known to be infested with triatomines, distributed in 19 rural localities. While visiting those houses we collected filter paper bloodspots from 864 occupants (of both sexes, aged one year or over). By means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), we detected anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies in samples from 178 individuals (20.6%). Seropositivity was significantly more frequent in females (23.8%) than in males (17.5%). Among the 410 individuals in the 1- to 10-year-old age group (47.5% of the population sample), 85 (20.7%) were found seropositive, which is indicative of an early acquisition of the infection. Within this group no significant differences in seropositivity were associated with sex

scholarly journals Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) in a calf with rabies

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
Ana C. Franco ◽  
Marjorie B. Teixeira ◽  
Paulo A. Esteves ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Perivascular Cell ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Rabies Virus Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 ◽  
Rabies Diagnosis

The brain of an one year old male calf which died with signs of neurological disease was submitted to the laboratory for rabies diagnosis. Microscopical findings included moderate mielitis, mild meningoencephalitis with perivascular cell cuffing and Negri inclusion bodies in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Rabies virus infection was further confirmed by the direct fluorescent antibody test as well as by mouse inoculation. In addition, a herpesvirus was isolated from brain tissues. The isolate was antigenic and genetically characterized as bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5). It was not possible to determine whether BHV-5 played an active role in the outcome of the infection, since, the virus might have been present in a latent form in neural tissues. This is the first report of a mixed rabies/ BHV-5 infection in calves.

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