Drug Screening

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-233
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. DUPONT
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Joint Report

To the Editor.— The joint report of the committee on Adolescence, the Committee on Bioethics, and the Provisional Committee on Substance Abuse (Pediatrics 1989;84:396-398) appears to miss the mark by a wide margin. Drugs and kids are a bad combination. Those of us concerned about children and youth need to work to help them grow up drug free. Screening for drug use is no more a violation of privacy than is screening for diabetes or tuberculosis.

MODELING THE IMPACT OF REHABILITATION, AMELIORATION AND RELAPSE ON THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG EPIDEMICS

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
HATSON JOHN BOSCOH NJAGARAH ◽  
FARAI NYABADZA
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Globally Stable ◽  
Different Levels

Substance abuse remains a global menace in spite of recurrent warnings, seizures, social and pharmacological effects associated with addiction to drugs. In this paper, we use a mathematical model which is a combination of the classical SIS and SIR models to investigate the dynamics of substance abuse. Initiation into drug use is based on contact of those at risk (the susceptible population) with drug users at different levels of drug use. We evaluate the threshold number and use it to analyze the model. We show that when this threshold number is less than unity, the drug-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable and when this threshold number is greater than unity the drug-persistent steady state is also globally stable. The impact of amelioration, rehabilitation and re-initiation on drug epidemics is investigated. Amelioration in presence of quitting for light users is observed to reduce the prevalence of substance abuse and this is supported by numerical simulations. The results show that both prevention and treatment/rehabilitation are necessary strategies for reduction of drug epidemics. Our recommendation is that preventive strategies should be directed toward reducing the contact rate and treatment should be combined with psychotherapy to accelerate quitting and reduce re-initiation.

Substance Abuse in Sixth Grade: Results of a Prevention Program on Adolescents' Self-Reported Drug-Related Attitudes and Behavior

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
Thomas Tatchell ◽  
Joan Kaderavek ◽  
Philip Waite ◽  
Stephen Strobel ◽  
Renny Tatchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Intent To Use ◽  
K 12 ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Drug Free

Effectiveness of the Preventive Dimensions Program, a K-12 Utah plan for safe and drug-free schools, was assessed among 150 sixth-grade students. Participants' knowledge about drug use increased, as did all children's intent to use marijuana.

Cost Analysis of the Country of Georgia’s Street Level Drug Testing Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessa Bergen-Cico ◽  
David Otiashvili ◽  
Irma Kirtadze ◽  
Tomas Zabransky ◽  
Vano Tsertsvadze
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Use Behavior

AbstractBackgroundIn 2006 the country of Georgia implemented Article 45 of the Administrative code and Article 273 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, a public policy that enable police to detain any individual, anywhere, at any time on grounds of suspicion of drug use; and require them to submit to urine screening to test for the presence of illegal drugs and their metabolites. This policy is referred to as the street drug testing policy. Positive drug screening results in fines and potential jail time. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a cost analysis of this policy and assess the execution of the policy and the extent to which the policy meets its stated aims.MethodsThis study employed cost analysis methodology to calculate annual direct material and labor costs associated with carrying out Georgia’s street level drug testing policy. These costs encompassed law enforcement, drug testing, associated judicial processes, imprisonment and income offset through fines collected during the two years covered in this study (2008 and 2014). In addition, we measured: fidelity of the execution of the policy measured by the accuracy of the percentage of people detained who were found to actually have used drugs; and the policy’s effectiveness in deterring drug use among those who tested positive. Impact on drug use behavior was measured through impact analysis interviews conducted with a national sample of 500 detainees who tested positive for drugs under Article 45 and Article 273.ResultsUsing conservative financial estimates the cost of carrying out the policy offset by fine revenues broke even in 2008 (−111,889 GEL); however, by 2014 the costs increased 20 % in conjunction with an 18 % increase in the number of people detained for testing. However, the percentage of people who tested positive for drugs declined 39 % indicating decreased fidelity in the execution of the policy; accompanied by a financial imbalance of −10,277,909 GEL. Moreover, effectiveness analysis revealed that within one month of being detained and having tested positive for drug use, over 90 % of individuals had returned to pre-detention drug use levels, and within 12 months 100 % of detainees had resumed prior drug use behaviors.ConclusionThe financial costs associated with Georgia’s street level drug screening policy has rapidly increased while becoming decreasingly accurate and efficient in its execution. Moreover, data indicates that the policy is not effective in reducing or stopping drug use among those who tested positive. In conclusion, it is fiscally unsustainable to continue the policy as it is being executed and the policy is ineffective in changing drug use behavior among people who use illegal substances.

scholarly journals A study of socio-demographic profile and pattern of drug use among substance abusers attending mind care de-addiction center in Ahmedabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Bhavesh B. Prajapati ◽  
Mihir R. Dedun ◽  
Harshdev S. Jalfava ◽  
Aparajita A. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Substance abuse has emerged as a global phenomenon and prevalent throughout the world in all the cultures. Abuse of alcoholic beverages and tobacco are endemic in many societies, whilst the abuse of other psychoactive substances is growing concern in India. It has major impact on physical, psychological, social and environmental aspect of life.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out amongst 100 persons attended at Mind Care de-addiction centre, Ahmedabad during the period of 1st January to 28th February 2018 with the help of pretested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Majority of the substance abusers were males (98%) and within the age group of 31 to 45 years (46%). Out of total abusers 28% were graduate and 47% doing skilled work. Majority of study participants were married (47%), belong to joint families (92%) and belongs to socio economic class I and II (50%). Most commonly used drug was alcohol (64%), followed by tobacco (20%), cannabis (12%) and opium (4%). Majority of users started to use it for social reasons (33%) and stress (26%). They got it for the first time from friends in 62% cases and 36% got by themselves. Health related changes were experienced in more than 50% of cases. Out of them, 84% feel improvement after visiting the centre.Conclusions: Drug use pattern is ever changing and has emerged as a global burden as it causes serious public health problems. There is a felt need for the assessment of the evolving trends of substance abuse. And suitable interventions for primary prevention should be considered. 

scholarly journals Epidemiology of illicit and abused drugs in the general population, emergency department drug-related episodes, and arrestees

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
National Trends

Abstract National trends in substance abuse are presented: the civilian noninstitutionalized general population; drug-related emergency department episodes; and booked arrestees. Major metropolitan differences are also noted. This study was based on the primary national data systems for these groups: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, SAMHSA's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), and the National Institute of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) system. While the most prevalent drug differed in the three data sources, all three showed recent increases in marijuana. Despite the general decline in drug use seen in the general population, both the number of drug-related cases in the DAWN system and the drug use detected in the DUF arrestees showed recent increases.

Neurorobiology and Evidence-Based Biological Treatments for Substance Abuse Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 864-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliyan S. Ivanov ◽  
Kurt P. Schuiz ◽  
Robyn C. Palmero ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Drug Free

ABSTRACTBehavioral patterns of addiction include compulsive drug-seeking, persistent abuse of substances despite the often dire consequences on social functioning and physical health, and the high probability of relapse even after prolonged drug-free periods.The recent focus on the biological basis of addiction has provided evidence to support the hypothesis that behavioral manifestations for addiction are influenced by biological factors, and biological factors often produce behavioral changes that can further increase risk. The current understanding of the role of the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acidergic, and opioid receptor systems in the pathophysiology of addiction as well as the clinical implications of these systems for new and emerging treatments will be discussed. This article will also review the pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of substance abuse disorders and presents evidence-based data for their safety, efficacy, and feasibility of use in different patient populations.

scholarly journals Drug use and criminality among unaccompanied refugee minors: a review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Ivert ◽  
Mia-Maria Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
International Research ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Refugee Minors

Purpose Organisations working with children have acknowledged that unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) across Europe are exposed to environments and situations that put them at risk for becoming addicted to drugs or becoming involved in crime. The purpose of this paper is to study an examination of existing international research concerning URM and of whether, and if so how, issues relating to drug use and criminality among these children are discussed in the international literature. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Sociological abstracts and ERIC databases, which together cover the social and behavioural science and also medicine. Findings Findings from the present review show that the issues of drug abuse and criminality among URM are rarely acknowledged in the international research literature. When the occurrence of substance abuse and/or criminality is discussed, it is often in relation to mental health problems and in terms of self-medication, i.e. that alcohol or drugs are used by the URM to cope with painful experiences or mental health problems, and also with the challenges of integrating into a new society, difficulties finding work, unsuitable living conditions and a lack of social support. Originality/value This review shows that several researchers have emphasised that untreated mental health problems, stressful living conditions and a lack of support and control might put these children at risk for substance abuse and criminality, and this suggests a need for further research in this area.

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