Exclusive Breast-Feeding and Weaning: Effect on Serum Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Infants During the First Year of Life

The total serum cholesterol concentration of infants was investigated at birth (n = 193) and at the ages of 2 (n = 192), 4 (n = 192), 6 (n = 190), 9 (n= 188), and 12 months (n = 196). Concentrations of cholesterol—very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2), HDL3—and apoprotein B were analyzed in 36 infants at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Serum cholesterol concentration rose significantly more slowly in the weaned infants compared with exclusively breast-fed infants. The mean difference in total serum cholesterol value between the exclusively breast-fed and weaned infants was largest at ages 2 (0.9 mmol/L, P < .001), 4 (0.6 mmol/L, P < .01), and 6 months (0.5 mmol/L, P < .01). The LDL cholesterol concentration was lower in weaned infants compared with exclusively breast-fed infants at age 2 and 6 months; the mean difference in LDL cholesterol value was 0.9 mmol/L at age 2 months (P < .001)and 0.7 mmol/L at age 6 months (P < .025). Also, the apoprotein B concentration was lower in weaned infants; the mean difference was 24 mg/dL at age 2 months (P < .01) and 30 mg/dL at age 6 months (P< .05). The apoprotein B-LDL cholesterol ratio was stable and similar in both feeding groups through the year. The HDL2 cholesterol concentration was lower in the formula-fed than in breast-fed infants at 2 months of age while the VLDL and HDL3 cholesterol concentrations were independent of the diet. The HDL-LDL cholesterol ratio was higher in formula-fed compared with breast fed infants at 2 and 6 months of age. Thus,low intake of cholesterol and high intake of unsaturated fatty acids modify blood lipid pattern markedly in infancy. Breast-feeding is the natural method of feeding an infant and the cholesterol level with breast-feeding must be considered physiological, so it is to be asked whether artificially made formulas in this respect are sufficient at the moment.

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Evaluation of some biochemical changes in the serum of phensedyl addicts of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17656 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 57-65

Author(s):

Md Rashidul Hasan ◽

Parvez Hassan ◽

Md Abdul Jalil Miah

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

P Value

Context: Abuse of the drug, Phensedyl like any other drug might exert adverse effects on vital organs of th e h u m an body like liver, kidney and heart. Objectives: To determine the effects of Phensedyl intake on the serum biochemical parameters of the addicts in order to access for damages of vital human organs like liver, kidney and heart. Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 127 male Phensedyl addicts within the ages of 1855 years of defined criteria from Gaibandha district, a Northern part of Bangladesh, during July 2009 to December 2011. Fifty (50) non-drug dependent healthy men of matched age, height, and socioeconomic status were included as controls from the same community. Biochemical parameters analyzed were Serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and Lipid profiles (total serum cholesterol (TC), Serum triglyceride (TG), serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol determined by semiautomatic biochemistry analyzer using commercially available kits Results: Abuse of Phensedyl appears not to hamper the normal renal and liver function in most of the addicts even after 8 years of Phensedyl intake irrespective of age except in case of 4 abusers. Serum total cholesterol (TC) remained almost unchanged among the addicts abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years. But very strikingly, addicts taking Phensedyl for more than 8 years had higher trends in serum cholesterol i.e. more than 200 ml/dl. Of the addicts, 44.36% abusing Phensedyl for less than 8 years had normal triglyceride (TG) values whereas, in 45.66% addicts abusing the drug for more than 8 years had clinically very significantly elevated triglyceride levels, which was also found to be statistically very significant (p value =0.0001), indicating the risk of developing cardiac diseases. Of the total addicts 53.53% had low levels of HDL cholesterol, which is clinically and statistically found to be very significant (p value =0.002). Of the addicts 43% taking the drug for less than 8 years had normal LDL levels but significantly elevated values were recorded in 34% of the abusers who had been taking the drug for more than 8 years. Conclusion: Long time (> 8 years) Phensedyl abusers are at the high risk of developing Brain stroke, Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) as there is the triad of: Elevated LDL cholesterol, Low HDL cholesterol and elevated Triglyceride. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17656 J. bio-sci. 20: 57-65, 2012

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Tracking of Serum Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels From the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.91.5.949 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 949-954

Author(s):

Markku J. T. Kallio ◽

Leena Salmenperä ◽

Martti A. Siimes ◽

Jaakko Perheentupa ◽

Tatu A. Miettinen

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

First Year ◽

Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

First Year Of Life

Objective. To examine the development of tracking of serum cholesterol concentration from birth to childhood. Design. In a longitudinal study of healthy children, concentrations of total serum cholesterol and triglyceride were determined at birth (n = 193); at 2 (n = 192), 4 (n = 192), 6 (n = 190), 7.5 (n = 118), 9 (n = 188), and 12 months (n = 196); and at 5 years of age (n = 162). Concentrations of cholesterol—very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein-2 (HDL2), and HDL3—were determined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 months (n = 36) and at 5 years (n = 162). Results. The correlation coefficients of total cholesterol levels during the first year of life with the level at 5 years of age were as follows: at birth .04, at 2 months .36 (P < .001), at 4 months .26 (P < .001), at 6 months .28 (P < .001), at 7.5 months .25 (P < .001), at 9 months .35 (P < .001), and at 12 months .48 (P < .001). The correlation for exclusively breast-fed children between 6 months and 5 years of age was r = .37, P < .001, while that for children receiving partially breast milk, formula, or solid foods was r = .12, P = not significant (NS), and between 9 months and 5 years r = .38, P < .01, and r = .28, P < .05, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the lipoprotein levels between ages 12 months and 5 years were as follows: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol .58 (P < .001), total HDL cholesterol .30 (P < .05), HDL2 cholesterol .34 (P < .05), HDL3 cholesterol .17 (P = NS), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol .24 (P = NS), total triglyceride .37 (P < .05), and triglyceride-very-low-density lipoprotein .37 (P < .05). Of the children whose total serum cholesterol level was above the 90th percentile at birth, or at 2, 4, 6, 7.5, 9, or 12 months, 6%, 35%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 33%, and 45%, respectively, were above the 90th percentile at 5 years of age. In retrospect, 45% of the children whose serum cholesterol level was above the 90th percentile at 5 years were above the 90th percentile at the age of 12 months and 80% were in the highest quartile. Conclusions. The results indicate that tracking of serum cholesterol concentration during the first year of life is stronger when examining children who are receiving a relatively homogenous diet, such as exclusive breast-feeding, and weaker as children are weaned to formula and solid foods. After the weaning process is completed, children's relative serum cholesterol levels have become established and the tracking of serum cholesterol is of the same magnitude as for older children and adolescents.

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Increased Beef Consumption Increases Apolipoprotein A-I but Not Serum Cholesterol of Mildly Hypercholesterolemia Men with Different Levels of Habitual Beef Intake

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/153537020222700407 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 227 (4) ◽

pp. 266-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Dana R. Smith ◽

Randall Wood ◽

Stephen Tseng ◽

Stephen B. Smith

Keyword(s):

Oleic Acid ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

The United States ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Apolipoprotein A ◽

Lean Beef

The objective of this research was to compare the effects of a lean beef enriched in oleic acid to a beef that is typical of the commercial beef consumed in the United States. Ten mildly hypercholesterolemic men, ages 34-58 years old, were selected from the Texas A&M University faculty and staff. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two diets for a 6-week duration followed by a crossover after a 4-week habitual diet washout period. Diets were consumed daily for a 6-week study period. Participants substituted lean beef obtained from Wagyu bullocks or commercial beef for the meat typically consumed. Total cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B, triacylglycerols, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured in serum samples collected weekly. Beef type had no effect on any measured variable. There were no significant differences between baseline HDL or LDL cholesterol concentrations after the consumption of the beef test diets. Apolipoprotein A-I, serum glucose, and uric acid concentrations were elevated by the additional dietary beef. Analysis of records of customary diets indicated that one group consumed 160 g of beef daily, whereas the other group consumed only 26 g of beef daily. Therefore, post hoc analyses tested the habitual beef intake x treatment time interaction. LDL cholesterol concentration was markedly higher in the group with low habitual beef Intake (180 vs 144 mg/dl), and HDL cholesterol was slightly higher (44 vs 40 mg/dl; post-test values) than for the group with high habitual beef intake, but there were no habitual intake x time interactions for LDL or HDL cholesterol. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations also were greater in the individuals habitually consuming less beef. This study had three important findings: i) a lean beef source enriched with oleic acid was no different from commercial beef in its effect on lipoprotein fractions; ii) neither previous level of beef intake nor baseline LDL cholesterol concentration influenced the serum cholesterol response to added dietary beef. which was negative; and iii) apolipoprotein A-I, but not HDL or LDL cholesterol, was sensitive to the additional dietary beef.

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NIGELLA SATIVA (KALONJI)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1882 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 142-146

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ANWAR BURIRO ◽

MUHAMMAD TAYYAB ◽

ALLAH DITTA

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Total Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cholesterol Levels

The increased level of LDL-c in the serum has a high risk and the increased serum HDL-c level has a low risk for the development of atherosclerosis. The effect of Nigella Sativa on levels of cholesterol fractions were determined in this study on rats. Methods: 24 albino rats of 08 weeks age having equal number of males and females were kept at optimum atmospheric condition. The blood samples were taken at the start and different control and experimental diets were given for 24 weeks. The experimental diets were added with Nigella Sativa as 30 mg/kg body weight. The blood samples were taken at the end of study. The blood samples drawn at the start and end of the study were estimated for serum cholesterol. The results of control and experimental groups were compared. Results: Total serum cholesterol in the control group showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol showed increase from 44.4±6.12 to 80.45±5.95 level at 24 weeks. The serum LDL cholesterol showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The total serum cholesterol in experimental group was increased from 76.9±6.5 to 117.5± 6.65 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol levels was increased from 41.7±4.9 to 83.42±5.92 at 24 weeks as compared with control group. The LDL cholesterol levels were decreased from 12.7±6.9 to 8.5±7.8 at 24 weeks. Conclusions: This study shows significant decrease in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

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Physiological effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile of patients with cholelithiasis

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20202638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Naila Ikram ◽

Shehzada A. A. Babar ◽

Tahir Aslam ◽

Hira Malik ◽

Natasha Zahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Gall Stone ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Total Serum ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background: The association of cholecystectomy with alterations in lipid profile is well documented. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile of cholelithiasis patients.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done on 170 patients admitted in general surgery department of Naz Memorial Hospital, Karachi from July 2018 to June 2019. Symptomatic cholelithaisis patients between 18 to 60 years, elective cholecystectomy was included while patients previously on lipid lowering agents, diagnosed renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, cardiac failure, pregnant mothers, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice were excluded. For data analysis, SPSS was used. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare mean values of pre and post-operative lipid profiles after cholecystectomy keeping p value of <0.05 as significant. Results: 60% of patients were females with majority, 31% patients between 31-40 years while least, i.e. 11% were between 61-70 years. The mean pre-operative and post-operative difference of 52±7.32 mg/dl was seen in total cholesterol levels (p<0.001). The mean difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL) between pre and post-operative was of 13±0.36 mg/dl (p<0.001). The mean difference in low density lipoprotein (LDL) between pre- and post-operative was 61±10.45 mg/dl (p<0.001). The mean difference in triglycerides levels between pre- and post-operative was 46±25.49 mg/dl (p<0.001).Conclusions: Cholecystectomy in gall stone disease patients elicited favorable response in significantly lowering levels of total serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides while substantially increasing levels of HDL cholesterol.

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The Influence of Low-Frequency Vibrations on the Lipid Profile in Women

Acta Balneologica ◽

10.36740/abal201901104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Artur Rydzyk ◽

Jan Błaszczyk ◽

Rafał Rydzyk

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Human Health ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Total Serum ◽

Low Frequency Vibration ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of

Introduction: The aim of this dissertation is an evaluation of the effect of low frequency vibration on serum lipid profiling women. Materials and Methods: A group of females aged 28-64 years old were assessed twice, before and after 19 days of exposure to low frequency vibration. The parameters of the vibration used (frequency and amplitude) and the short exposition time were selected in order to comply with standards established to safeguard human health; mechanical stimulus safe for human health according to the Polish Standard PN EN ISO 2631-1:1997. The parameters used were as follows: frequency 3.5Hz, amplitude 4 mm and duration time 20 min. The main exclusion criteria for this study were: neoplasm, history of myocardial infarction, history of stroke, history of bone fracture within the two years prior to the study. To assess the effect of low frequency vibration with the parameters as specified above the following physiological and biochemical variables were used: total cholesterol serum level, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol serum level, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol serum level, triglycerides (TGD) serum level. Biochemical blood parameters were assessed before and after the trial. Friedawald’s formula was used for the assessment of LDL cholesterol serum level. Upon completion of the study and the subsequent analysis of the results obtained the following conclusions were formulated. Results: A statistically significant lowering of total serum cholesterol and LDL serum cholesterol was observed. Conclusions: The use of the vibration platform with the operational parameters specified had a beneficial effect on the variables measured.

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Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661516 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (02) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

K Desai ◽

J S Owen ◽

D T Wilson ◽

R A Hutton

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Lipoprotein ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Arachidonic Acid Content ◽

Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

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Increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy ◽

10.1007/s00262-021-02979-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masato Karayama ◽

Naoki Inui ◽

Yusuke Inoue ◽

Katsuhiro Yoshimura ◽

Kazutaka Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Small Cell ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Long Chain

Abstract Background Lipids have immunomodulatory functions and the potential to affect cancer immunity. Methods The associations of pretreatment serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acids with the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in 148 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab. Results When each lipid was separately evaluated, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.007), lauric acid (P = 0.015), myristic acid (P = 0.022), myristoleic acid (P = 0.035), stearic acid (P = 0.028), linoleic acid (P = 0.005), arachidic acid (P = 0.027), eicosadienoic acid (P = 0.017), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (P = 0.036), and behenic acid levels (P = 0.032) were associated with longer PFS independent of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Meanwhile, increased LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.009), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), linoleic acid (P = 0.014), and lignoceric acid levels (P = 0.028) were associated with longer OS independent of PD-L1 expression. When multiple lipids were evaluated simultaneously, LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.036), and lauric acid (P = 0.036) were independently predictive of PFS, and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.008) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.031) were predictive of OS. ORR was not associated with any serum lipid. Conclusions Based on the association of prolonged survival in patients with increased serum cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid levels, serum lipid levels may be useful for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

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The role of sex steroids in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and serum lipid concentrations during male puberty: a prospective study with a P450-aromatase inhibitor

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460339 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 339-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S Wickman ◽

T Saukkonen ◽

L Dunkel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Aromatase Inhibitor ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treated Group ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Igf I ◽

Letrozole Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the sex steroid-mediated changes in serum insulin and lipid concentrations in boys during puberty. DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated boys with constitutional delay of puberty either with testosterone plus placebo or with testosterone plus an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, which inhibits the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. We demonstrated previously that during treatment with testosterone plus letrozole the increase in testosterone concentration was more than 5-fold higher than during treatment with testosterone plus placebo. The concentrations of 17beta-oestradiol, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 increased during testosterone-plus-placebo treatment, but during testosterone-plus-letrozole treatment the concentrations remained unchanged. These divergent changes in the two groups enabled us to study the effects of sex steroids and GH on insulin sensitivity and lipid concentrations. RESULTS: The insulin concentration in the testosterone-plus-placebo-treated group did not change. In contrast, in the testosterone-plus-letrozole-treated group, the concentration decreased during letrozole treatment, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Changes in insulin and IGF-I concentrations within 12 and 18 months were correlated. In the testosterone-plus-placebo-treated group, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration did not change but in the testosterone-plus-letrozole-treated group the concentration decreased. The concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) and triglycerides did not change in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that androgens do not directly alter insulin sensitivity in boys during puberty. In contrast, the observations suggest tight regulation of glucose--insulin homeostasis by GH in boys at this stage. Furthermore, our findings indicate that sex steroids do not significantly participate in the regulation of serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol or triglycerides in boys during early and mid-puberty.

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Pharmacokinetics, Distribution in Serum Lipoproteins and Tissues, and Renal Toxicities of Amphotericin B and Amphotericin B Lipid Complex in a Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Model: Single-Dose Studies

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.42.12.3146 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 3146-3152 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Kishor M. Wasan ◽

Allison L. Kennedy ◽

Shawn M. Cassidy ◽

Manisha Ramaswamy ◽

Lorilynne Holtorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Renal Toxicity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Total Serum ◽

Lipid Complex ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Regular Diet ◽

Cholesterol Levels

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists among total serum and lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, the severity of amphotericin B (AmpB)-induced renal toxicity, and the serum pharmacokinetics of AmpB in hypercholesterolemic rabbits administered AmpB and AmpB lipid complex (ABLC). After 10 days of cholesterol-enriched diet (0.50% [wt/vol]) or regular rabbit diet (control), each rabbit was administered a single intravenous bolus of AmpB or ABLC (1.0 mg/kg of body weight). Blood samples were obtained before administration and serially thereafter for the assessment of serum pharmacokinetics, kidney toxicity, and serum lipoprotein distribution. Rabbits were humanely sacrificed after all blood samples were obtained, and tissues were harvested for drug analysis. Before drug treatment, cholesterol-fed rabbits demonstrated marked increases in total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels compared with levels in rabbits on a regular diet. No significant differences in triglyceride levels were observed. A significant increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in cholesterol-fed and regular diet-fed rabbits administered AmpB. However, the magnitude of this increase was 2.5-fold greater in cholesterol-fed rabbits than in regular diet-fed rabbits. No significant differences in triglyceride levels were observed. A significant increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in cholesterol-fed and regular diet-fed rabbits administered ABLC. Whereas AmpB pharmacokinetics were significantly altered in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered free AmpB, similar AmpB pharmacokinetics were observed in both rabbit groups administered ABLC. Renal AmpB levels were significantly increased in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered AmpB compared with those in all other groups. Hepatic and lung AmpB levels were elevated in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered free AmpB compared to controls. In addition, hepatic, lung, and spleen AmpB levels were significantly decreased in cholesterol-fed rabbits administered ABLC compared to controls. An increased percentage of AmpB was recovered in LDL–very-low-density lipoprotein fraction when free AmpB was administered to cholesterol-fed rabbits compared with those in all other groups. These findings suggest that increases in cholesterol, specifically, LDL cholesterol levels, modify the disposition and renal toxicity of free AmpB. However, the pharmacokinetics and renal toxicity of ABLC were independent of elevations in total and LDL cholesterol levels.

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