Kernicterus in Preterm Newborns: Past, Present, and Future

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-715
Author(s):  
Jon F. Watchko ◽  
Frank A. Oski
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Preterm Newborns ◽  
Current Standards

This historical overview of kernicterus in prematurity, from the 1950s to the present, provides a unique perspective on this clinical conundrum. Three separate periods of pediatric history are detailed in relationship to our understanding of kernicterus in the preterm newborn: (1) the pre-intensive care era (1950 to 1965); (2) the low bilirubin kernicterus era (1965 to 1982); and (3) the 1980s. Each period demonstrates selected insights regarding kernicterus in prematurity, and together with recent reports suggest that premature newborns are now at extremely low risk of developing kernicterus when managed using current standards of care. However, the current conservative empiric guidelines for preventing kernicterus are questioned, and it is suggested that additional study is needed to clarify this issue in the 1990s.

Preterm Newborn Adaptive Responses to Daily Nursing during Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Stay, Associate with Neurodevelopment, 2 Years Later

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bembich ◽  
Francesco M. Risso ◽  
Nicoleta Stan ◽  
Domitilla Lamba ◽  
Carolina Banova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Objective This study aimed to evaluate if adaptive responses of very preterm newborns to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) daily nursing, specifically bathing and weighing procedures are associated with their neurodevelopment after 2 years. Study Design Twenty-six very preterm newborns, with a gestational age <32 weeks, were enrolled. Infants' adaptive responses to daily nursing were evaluated, at 30 to 32 to 35 postmenstrual age (PMA) weeks by an observational sheet. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months of corrected age by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition. Autonomic, motor, and self-regulatory responses to NICU nursing were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression with Bayley's cognitive, language, and motor scales. Results Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations of self-regulatory and autonomic responses to nursing with all Bayley's scales were found at 30- and 32-week PMA. At 35-week PMA, only self-regulatory responses had significant positive correlations with all Bayley's scales. When adjusted for birth weight and sex, the significant associations were confirmed only at 30- and 32-week PMA. Conclusion Very preterm newborn adaptive responses to NICU daily nursing reveal to be positively related to forthcoming neurodevelopment 2 years later, as early as the 30-week PMA. Helping preterm babies to adapt to daily NICU nursing may promote their future neurobehavior. Key Points

Chemotherapy in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma: Current Standards of Care Based on Randomized Trials

1994 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. S97-S107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tate Thigpen ◽  
Ralph Vance ◽  
Louis Puneky ◽  
Tawfiq Khansur
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Current Standards

scholarly journals The Novel Pan-PIM Kinase Inhibitor, PIM447, Displays Dual Antimyeloma and Bone-Protective Effects, and Potently Synergizes with Current Standards of Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Paíno ◽  
Antonio Garcia-Gomez ◽  
Lorena González-Méndez ◽  
Laura San-Segundo ◽  
Susana Hernández-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current Standards

scholarly journals Antioxidant Strategies and Respiratory Disease of the Preterm Newborn: An Update

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Poggi ◽  
Carlo Dani
Keyword(s):  
Lung Damage ◽  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Preterm newborns are challenged by an excessive oxidative burden, as a result of several perinatal stimuli, as intrauterine infections, resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and postnatal complications, in the presence of immature antioxidant capacities. “Oxygen radical disease of neonatology” comprises a wide range of conditions sharing a common pathway of pathogenesis and includes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other main complications of prematurity. Antioxidant strategies may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress- (OS-) related lung disease of the preterm newborn. Endotracheal supplementation or lung-targeted overexpression of superoxide dismutase was proved to reduce lung damage in several models; however, the supplementation in preterm newborn failed to reduce the risk of BPD, although long-term respiratory outcomes were improved. Also melatonin administration to small cohorts of preterm newborns suggested beneficial effects on lung OS. The possibility to identify single nucleotide polymorphism affecting the risk of BPD may help to identify specific populations with particularly high risk of OS-related diseases and may pose the basis for individually targeted treatments. Finally, surfactant replacement may lead to local anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thanks to specific enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants naturally present in animal surfactants.

Preterm newborn adaptive responses to daily nursing, during NICU stay, associate with the neurodevelopment, two years later

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bembich ◽  
Francesco Maria Risso ◽  
Nicoleta Stan ◽  
Domitilla Lamba ◽  
Carolina Banova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Newborn ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Autonomic Motor ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Preterm Newborns ◽  
Bayley Scales

Objective: To evaluate if adaptive responses of very preterm newborns to NICU daily nursing, specifically bathing and weighing procedures, are associated with their neurodevelopment two years later. Study design: Twenty-six very preterm newborns, with a gestational age < 32 weeks, were enrolled. Infants' adaptive responses to daily nursing were evaluated, at 30-32-35 postmenstrual age (PMA) weeks, by an observational sheet. Neurodevelopment was assessed, at 24 months of corrected age, by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition. Autonomic, motor, and self-regulatory responses to NICU nursing were analyzed, by Spearman's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression, with Bayley’s cognitive, language, and motor scales. Results: Significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations of self-regulatory and autonomic responses to nursing with all Bailey’s scales were found at 30- and 32-weeks PMA. At 35 weeks PMA, only self-regulatory responses had significant positive correlations with all Bailey’s scales. When adjusted for birth weight and sex, the significant associations were confirmed only at 30- and 32-weeks PMA. Conclusion: Very preterm newborn adaptive responses to NICU daily nursing reveal to be positively related to forthcoming neurodevelopment two years later, as early as the 30th week PMA. Helping preterm babies to adapt to daily NICU nursing may promote their future neurobeahaviour.

Treatment: Current standards of care and their research implications.

2004 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iser G. DeLeon ◽  
Vanessa Rodriguez-Catter ◽  
Michael F. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Current Standards

(Mis)managing the Border

Line on Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 63-123
Author(s):  
Happymon Jacob
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
International Border

This chapter examines the management of the India–Pakistan border with particular reference to the border in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The chapter begins with a brief discussion of the various terminologies used in the context of the India–Pakistan border. It provides a historical overview of the early role played by the United Nations (UN) monitoring group in helping the management of the India–Pakistan borders in J&K as well as the occasional, though minor, reworking of the border that took place between India and Pakistan in the 1950s and 1960s. The chapter then outlines the various border management practices and mechanisms used by India and Pakistan in managing the International Border (IB) and the Line of Control (LoC). The chapter provides a technical and historical background to understanding the occurrence of CFVs on the LoC and IB in J&K.

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