COST-EFFICIENCY MODEL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-621
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Academic Medical

In an interview, Dr. Thier said he hopes to turn Massachusetts General into another kind of model: one that increases cost-efficiency without compromising basic research or patient care. "A way of life is changing," Dr. Thier asserted. Academic medical centers are being forced to rein in costs quickly, he contended, because of growing price- pressure from insurers, as well as the movement in Washington to enact healthcare legislation. Top teaching hospitals haven't conducted much cost-oriented research involving patients. Instead, the hospitals have concentrated on discovering fundamental medical techniques, often working at the molecular level. Research on treatment costs and effectiveness has been carried out mostly by schools of public health and by such think tanks as Rand Corp... Other big teaching hospitals are starting research on treatment costs and effectiveness, said George Lundberg, editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association. "I expect such research to flourish with the pressures of health-system reform," he said. "Now that it's so much in the best interests of the largest health-delivery groups to discover the best ways to deliver maximum services for minimum cost," Dr. Lundberg added, "it's not at all surprising that such institutions will enter health-services research in a big way."

A generalized fuzzy cost efficiency model

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1791
Author(s):  
Nazila Aghayi ◽  
Samira Salehpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Production Possibility Set ◽  
Fuzzy Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Generalized Cost

The concept of cost efficiency has become tremendously popular in data envelopment analysis (DEA) as it serves to assess a decision-making unit (DMU) in terms of producing minimum-cost outputs. A large variety of precise and imprecise models have been put forward to measure cost efficiency for the DMUs which have a role in constructing the production possibility set; yet, there’s not an extensive literature on the cost efficiency (CE) measurement for sample DMUs (SDMUs). In an effort to remedy the shortcomings of current models, herein is introduced a generalized cost efficiency model that is capable of operating in a fuzzy environment-involving different types of fuzzy numbers-while preserving the Farrell’s decomposition of cost efficiency. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first to measure cost efficiency by using vectors. Ultimately, a useful example is provided to confirm the applicability of the proposed methods.

The Academic Generalist: An Endangered Subspecies?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-805
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Clinical Problems

In Reply.— Drs Robinson and St. Peter raise an important issue. The General Pediatric Academic Development Program did not exclude projects on health services research; but its main emphasis clearly was by design on research training in clinically related issues, because it is clear that there are many clinical problems in General Pediatrics that have not been studied adequately. The basic research skills that most of the fellows in this program achieved were in epidemiology, biostatistics, and behavioral science, and these are the basic sciences of health sciences research.

scholarly journals Funding system reform for excellence in science: an interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghe Zhou ◽  
Weijie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Funding System ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Excellence In Science ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the major funding agency for China's basic research in natural science. The total budget for NSFC was 26.7 billion Yuan (RMB) in 2017, accounting for 27% of China's total investment in basic research. In the past decades, continuous increases in the National Natural Science Fund and other funding programs provided strong support for the rapid growth in China's science and technology (S&T). In the second half of 2018, NSFC unveiled a deep reform plan that aims to build a fair, efficient and standardized new funding system that meets the demands of excellence in science in the twenty-first century in 5–10 years. Why did NSFC propose this reform? What are the major tasks of this reform? And how would NSFC implement this reform? All-in-all, this reform would not only have profound effect on S&T in China but also matters the world for the global collaborative efforts for the science. Recently, National Science Review had an exclusive interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to learn his views and perspectives of the future of NSFC.

Characterising ICU–ward handoffs at three academic medical centres: process and perceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Santhosh ◽  
Patrick G Lyons ◽  
Juan C Rojas ◽  
Thomas M Ciesielski ◽  
Shire Beach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Process Maps ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Multimodal Methods ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs ◽  
Future Work

BackgroundThere is limited literature about physician handoffs between the intensive care unit (ICU) and the ward, and best practices have not been described. These patients are uniquely vulnerable given their medical complexity, diagnostic uncertainty and reduced monitoring intensity. We aimed to characterise the structure, perceptions and processes of ICU–ward handoffs across three teaching hospitals using multimodal methods: by identifying the handoff components involved in communication failures and describing common processes of patient transfer.MethodsWe conducted a study at three academic medical centres using two methods to characterise the structure, perceptions and processes of ICU–ward transfers: (1) an anonymous resident survey characterising handoff communication during ICU–ward transfer, and (2) comparison of process maps to identify similarities and differences between ICU–ward transfer processes across the three hospitals.ResultsOf the 295 internal medicine residents approached, 175 (59%) completed the survey. 87% of the respondents recalled at least one adverse event related to communication failure during ICU–ward transfer. 95% agreed that a well-structured handoff template would improve ICU–ward transfer. Rehabilitation needs, intravenous access/hardware and risk assessments for readmission to the ICU were the most frequently omitted or incorrectly communicated components of handoff notes. More than 60% of the respondents reported that notes omitted or miscommunicated pending results, active subspecialty consultants, nutrition and intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and healthcare decision-maker information at least twice per month. Despite variable process across the three sites, all process maps demonstrated flaws and potential for harm in critical steps of the ICU–ward transition.ConclusionIn this multisite study, despite significant process variation across sites, almost all resident physicians recalled an adverse event related to the ICU–ward handoff. Future work is needed to determine best practices for ICU–ward handoffs at academic medical centres.

scholarly journals ANALISIS USAHA TANI TERPADU SAPI POTONG DAN PADI SAWAH KELOMPOK TANI “KEONG MAS” KECAMATAN SANGKUB, KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA (STUDI KASUS)

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Judi M Tumewu ◽  
V V.J. Panelewen ◽  
A D.P. Mirah
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Business Profit

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM BETWEEN BEEF CATTLE AND RICE PADDY IN FARMERS GROUP OF KEONG MAS AT SANGKUB DISTRICT, NORTHBOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY (CASE STUDY). Integrated farming system of beef cattle and rice paddy is a combination of beef cattle fattening and rice paddy managed by “Keong Mas” Farmers Group. Feces and urine of beef cattle were materials to produce an organic fertilizer and paddy rice straw can be used as feed for beef cattle. The combination of fattening beef cattle and rice paddy straw has a purpose to create minimum cost and using of potential local resources. This research purpose was to evaluate the business profit and cost efficiency of “Keong Mas” integrated farming system. Research method used was study of case and observation as the information for collecting data. The result showed that profit of un-integrated fattening beef cattle were Rp. 9,780,000,- per 8 cattle  per year. Un-integrated rice paddy gave Rp. 12,745,000,- profit per ha per year. The profit of integrated fattening beef cattle was Rp. 83,457,108 per 12 cattle per year and rice paddy was Rp. 90,517,250. Cost efficiency of un-integrated farming system was only 1.16 while integrated farming system gave cost efficiency of 1.49. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integrated farming system of fattening beef cattle and rice paddy in “Keong Mas” Farmers Group was profitable and efficient. Keywords : integrated farming system, profit, cost efficiency

Characteristics of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Residency/fellowship Programs: A National Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Kidd ◽  
Sarah Vanderlinden ◽  
Roderick Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physician Assistant ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Assigned Reading ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction: The development of postgraduate programs for physician assistants (PAs) began in 1973 and by 2020 there were approximately 100 programs spread across a broad range of medical and surgical disciplines. An assessment of these programs was undertaken. Method: A non-experimental, descriptive research study was designed to obtain information on the characteristics of PA postgraduate education programs in the US. The source of information was from surveyed members of the Association of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs. Questions were drawn from consensus discussions. Programs that were operational in 2020 were eligible to participate. Results: Seventy-two programs were invited to the survey and 34 replied. They are geographically distributed across the US in 13 states. The respondents represent a wide range of medicine: surgery, emergency medicine, critical care, orthopaedics, hospitalist, psychiatry, oncology, primary care, pediatrics, and cardiology. Most programs are associated with an academic medical center. The curriculum includes bedside teaching, lectures, mentorship, assigned reading, procedures, simulation, and conferences. The PA fellow serves as house officer alongside physician residents and fellows. An average program length is 12 months and awards a certificate. Stipends for PA fellows are $50,000-80,000 (2020 dollars) and benefits include paid time off, health and liability insurance. About half of the programs bill for the services rendered by the PA. Over 90% of graduates are employed within two months of fellowship completion. Conclusion: A trend is underway in American medicine to include PAs in postgraduate education. PA fellowships occur across a broad spectrum of medical and surgical areas, as well as diverse institutions and organizations overseeing the programs. Most are in academic medical centers or teaching hospitals. This study expands information on PA fellowships and their operation.

THE ASSAULT ON TEACHING HOSPITALS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Health Maintenance Organizations ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Care Groups ◽  
Private Market ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
Medicare Patients ◽  
Public Scrutiny

The quality of American health care—unarguably the best in the world—is under siege. Republicans released budget plans last week that would cut subsidies to teaching hospitals that train doctors and perform clinical research. Meanwhile, the private market, whose reform Congress bungled last year, has been doing the same. The two-pronged assault is alarming. American physicians provide innovative, technically advanced care whose quality can be traced in part to generous subsidies for basic research that Congress has provided through the National Institutes for Health (NIH). The NIH estimates that the Senate budget plan could reduce these subsidies for non-AIDS research over the next seven years by as much as 25%; the cut is deeper if inflation is taken into account. The proposed NIH cuts are easily identified and will be subject to public scrutiny. Two other threats are harder to spot. The Federal Government, when reimbursing hospitals for treating Medicare patients, pays an average of 30% extra if treatment is provided in a teaching hospital. The extra payments cover costs associated with training doctors and translating basic research into clinical practice ... Under the GOP budgets, these payments could fall between 30 and 60%. The other dagger aimed at teaching hospitals comes from the private sector. Private insurers have also paid more for patients treated in teaching hospitals. That practice is ending. Wielding new-found market power, health maintenance organizations and other managed-care groups are driving down hospital rates. They refuse to pay for training or research that does not directly benefit their enrollees.

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