RISK FOR PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION ACCORDING TO MATERNAL IMMUNOLOGIC, VIROLOGIC, AND PLACENTAL FACTORS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Joseph Church
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Subgroups of HIV-infected women based upon maternal immunologic and placental characteristics had a risk of perinatal HIV transmission that varied from 7% to 71%. The impact of different risk factors for perinatal HIV vary over the course of maternal HIV infection.

The impact of maternal HIV infection on parenting in inner-city African American families.

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Kotchick ◽  
Rex Forehand ◽  
Gene Brody ◽  
Lisa Armistead ◽  
Patricia Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Inner City ◽  
African American Families ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Families

scholarly journals Maternal HIV infection and other factors associated with growth outcomes of HIV-uninfected infants in Entebbe, Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Muhangi ◽  
Swaib A Lule ◽  
Harriet Mpairwe ◽  
Juliet Ndibazza ◽  
Moses Kizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Living Children

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the associations between maternal HIV infection and growth outcomes of HIV-exposed but uninfected infants and to identify other predictors for poor growth among this population.DesignWithin a trial of de-worming during pregnancy, the cohort of offspring was followed from birth. HIV status of the mothers and their children was investigated and growth data for children were obtained at age 1 year. Length-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length Z-scores were calculated for each child; Z-scores <−2 were defined as stunting, underweight and wasting, respectively.SettingThe study was conducted in Entebbe municipality and Katabi sub-county, Uganda.SubjectsThe sample consisted of 1502 children aged 1 year: HIV-unexposed (n 1380) and HIV-exposed not infected (n 122).ResultsPrevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 14·2 %, 8·0 % and 3·9 %, respectively. There was evidence for an association between maternal HIV infection and odds of being underweight (adjusted OR = 2·32; 95 % CI 1·32, 4·09; P = 0·006) but no evidence for an association with stunting or with wasting. Young maternal age, low maternal education, low birth weight, early weaning and experiencing a higher number of episodes of malaria during infancy were independent predictors for stunting and underweight. A higher number of living children in the family was associated with wasting.ConclusionsMaternal HIV infection was associated with being underweight in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. The success of programmes for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission means that an increasing number of infants will be born to HIV-infected women without acquiring HIV. Therefore, viable nutritional interventions need to be identified for this population.

Prevalence of Maternal HIV Infection in Scotland Based on Unlinked Anonymous Testing of Newborn Babies. Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Tappin ◽  
R.W.A. Girdwood ◽  
E.A.C. Follett ◽  
R. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Childbearing Women ◽  
Guthrie Cards ◽  
Hiv 1

In January 1990, unlinked anonymous testing of Guthrie cards for HIV antibody commenced in Scotland. Ethics Committee approval allowed testing of 99.6% of Scottish births. Twenty-one mothers spontaneously refused to allow testing of their baby's blood. Samples were coded by district postcodes. For 1990 through 1991, eluates of 132,531 dried blood spots were initially tested for HIV-1 antibody with the Fujirebio technique. Of the 49 positive samples 38 were confirmed to be positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot (seroprevalence 0.3 per 1000). Thirty-five of 38 samples came from large metropolitan areas in Scotland. Prevalences were 2.0 per 1000 for Edinburgh city, 0.7 per 1000 for Dundee and Aberdeen, 0.15 per 1000 for Glasgow and 0.05 per thousand for all other areas in Scotland. Recent spread of HIV infection to Aberdeen may have occurred. These figures do not support an overall increase of HIV infection in childbearing women in Scotland.

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and Placental Malaria on the Transplacental Transfer of Influenza Antibodies in Mother–Infant Pairs in Malawi, 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Ho ◽  
Gugulethu Mapurisa ◽  
Mwayiwawo Madanitsa ◽  
Linda Kalilani-Phiri ◽  
Steve Kamiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Maternal influenza vaccination protects infants against influenza virus infection. Impaired transplacental transfer of influenza antibodies may reduce this protection. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of influenza vaccine–naïve pregnant women recruited at delivery from Blantyre (urban, low malaria transmission) and Chikwawa (rural, high malaria transmission) in Southern Malawi. HIV-infected mothers were excluded in Chikwawa. Maternal and cord blood antibodies against circulating influenza strains A/California/7/2009, A/Victoria/361/2011, B/Brisbane/60/2008, and B/Wisconsin/1/2010 were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). We studied the impact of maternal HIV infection and placental malaria on influenza antibody levels in mother–infant pairs in Blantyre and Chikwawa, respectively. Results We included 454 mother–infant pairs (Blantyre, n = 253; Chikwawa, n = 201). HIV-infected mothers and their infants had lower seropositivity (HAI titer ≥1:40) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (mothers, 24.3 vs 45.4%; P = .02; infants, 24.3 vs 50.5%; P = .003) and A(H3N2) (mothers, 37.8% vs 63.9%; P = .003; infants, 43.2 vs 64.8%; P = .01), whereas placental malaria had an inconsistent effect on maternal and infant seropositivity. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with reduced infant seropositivity (A(H1N1)pdm09: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.79; A(H3N2): aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21–0.89). Transplacental transfer was not impaired by maternal HIV or placental malaria. Conclusions Maternal HIV infection influenced maternal antibody response to influenza A virus infection, and thereby antibody levels in newborns, but did not affect transplacental antibody transfer.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal HIV infection on cord blood lymphocyte subsets and cytokine profile in exposed non-infected newborns

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Borges-Almeida ◽  
Helaine MBPM Milanez ◽  
Maria Marluce S Vilela ◽  
Fernanda GP Cunha ◽  
Beatriz M Abramczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
The Impact
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