NUTRITION, IMMUNITY, AND INFECTIONS: T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
H Ozkan ◽  
N Olgun ◽  
E Sasmaz
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Suppressor T Lymphocytes ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Control Study

This study was a case-control study of 44 children ages 3 to 24 months. The purpose of the study was to compare the humoral and cellular immunity of 29 patients (Group I) who were less than the 3rd percentile for weight by Turkish standards versus a control group of 15 patients (Group II) with weights between the 25th and 90th percentiles. The Group I patients were considered to have protein energy malnutrition (PEM) with various degrees of severity based on a Turkish classification method established by Dogramaci and Wray in 1958. None of the Group I patients had frank kwashiorkor, but 19 had bronchopneumonia, six had gastroenteritis, and four had both forms of infection at the time studies were done. Detailed immunologic evaluation was carried out on all the subjects including IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, mature T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper/inducer T Lymphocytes (CD4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+). The authors chose to study patients with PEM and infections because the immune response is more likely to be suppressed at this time. In the PEM group all of the immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) were significantly elevated over the controls level (P < .01). This hyperimmunoglobulinemia state has been previously reported and could be secondary to reduced suppressor T lymphocytes (C8+). C3 complement levels were also significantly lower (P < .01) than controls, which have been previously noted. These low C3 levels could be secondary to decreased production from the liver or increased utilization with an intercurrent infection. In evaluating the lymphocyte series CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ were all significantly reduced while CD4/CD8 levels were normal.

scholarly journals Performances of two commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines in Bangladesh: A case-control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
M A Kashem ◽  
M A Hashem ◽  
M H B Kabir ◽  
M I Uddin ◽  
B Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Study

The study was conducted to test the performances of two commercially available live vaccines named BCRDV1(VG/GA strain) and BCRDV2 (F-strain). A total of 90 day-old broiler birds were divided into three different  groups and the serum samples were collected at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35; mean±SD of Haemgglutination  Inhibition (HI) titres (log2) were found as 8±0.00, 7.2±0.89, 6.1±0.9, 7.1±0.75, 5.7±0.72, 4.1±0.68 and 8±0.00, 6.0±0.76, 4.8±0.81, 5.8±0.83, 4.9±0.86, 3.8±0.77 in group I and group II respectively, which was significant (P< 0.01). In control (group III) the mean±SD was found to be 8±0.00, 5.8±0.87, 4.9±0.69, 4.1±0.48, 3.0±0.56 and  <2±0 respectively. The titres of control group infer that the maternal antibody usually had a tendency to decline and may pose a risk of infection. In protection test, 100% mortality were found in control group (III) but in group I and group II the mortality of birds were 6.67% and 10%, respectively. The analysis of HI titres with the target to determine the performance of two vaccines revealed that BCRDV1 vaccinated groups was able to maintain significantly higher HI titres than BCRDV2 vaccinated group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i2.11823 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 2, December 2011, pp 88-91

scholarly journals Determinants of impaired growth among hospitalized children: a case-control study

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia de Carvalho Lima ◽  
Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida Motta ◽  
Eliane Cavalcanti Santos ◽  
Gisélia Alves Pontes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT: Protein energy malnutrition constitutes a public health problem, especially in less affluent countries. The identification of amenable predictive risk factors is of major importance for policy makers to plan interventions to reduce infant malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for protein energy malnutrition among hospitalized low-income children aged 6 to 24 months. TYPE OF STUDY: Case-control study. SETTING: Two public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The cases were 124 infants with length-for-age below the 10th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics curve and the controls were 241 infants with length-for-age equal to or above the 10th percentile who were recruited in the same infirmary. METHODS: Cases and controls were compared in relation to a variety of sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive factors, and their healthcare, previous feeding practice and morbidity. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the net effect of risk factors on infant malnutrition, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The mother's age, possession of a TV set, type of water supply, family size and location of the home were significantly associated with child malnutrition in the bivariate analysis. However, these associations lost their significance after adjusting for other explanatory variables in the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. This analysis showed that low birth weight contributed the largest risk for impaired growth. Increased risks of infant malnutrition were also significantly associated with households that had no toilet facilities or refrigerator, high parity for the mother, no breastfeeding of the infant, inadequate vaccination coverage and previous hospitalization for diarrhea and pneumonia. DISCUSSION: The literature shows that chronic malnutrition, as assessed by low length-for-age indexes, is often related to low income. However, this was not the case in this study, in which other variables had greater impact on child growth. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the multiple causes of malnutrition, the interrelationship among its determinants should be taken into account when adopting strategies for its reduction and prevention.

Thyroid hormone status in children with protein energy malnutrition a hospital based case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdeep S. Dhanjal ◽  
Mrigind Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Control Study

Background: WHO estimates that about half of all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years in the developing countries, can be attributed to malnutrition. In malnourished children various endocrinal changes are noted. There is reduced synthesis of plasma proteins that affects secretion and metabolism of thyroid hormone. The present study has been conducted to study the effect of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on thyroid hormone and plasma protein levels; and to find correlation between thyroid hormones and plasma protein levels in PEM children.Methods: A cross sectional hospital based case-control study was carried out in tertiary care hospital of Northern India. 50 children with PEM, and equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls (1-5 years) were included in the study. Detailed clinical assessment of nutritional status followed by anthropometric measurement was recorded in a predesigned performa. The cases were categorized into moderate and severe malnutrition as per WHO classification (weight for height). Free Triiodothyronine (fT3), free Thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total protein and serum albumin were estimated. The parameters were compared among cases and controls using appropriate statistical tool. Results: Mean hemoglobin, serum protein, serum albumin, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels were significantly low in case group, when compared to the control group (p <0.001).The levels of biochemical variables, decreases as the severity of malnutrition increases. The difference within the cases (moderate and severe malnutrition) was also found to be statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusions: PEM is associated with decrease level of thyroid hormone levels and were positively correlated with serum total protein and albumin levels. The decrease level of thyroid hormone may have a contributory role in retarded growth and development.

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

TRANSFUSION INDUCED ALLERGIC REACTIONS AMONG THE PATIENTS OF APLASTIC ANAEMIA - A CASE CONTROL STUDY FROM BANGLADESH..

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bepasha Naznin ◽  
Md. Ashraful Hoque* ◽  
Daanish Arefin Biswas ◽  
Tamanna Afroz ◽  
Farida Parvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Aplastic Anaemia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Platelet Concentrate ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Background:Allergic transfusion reactions (ALTR) are very common complication of blood transfusion. Advances in transfusion medicine have significantly decreased the incidence of ALTR; however, ALTR continue to be burdensome for transfusion dependent patients. It increases their existing sufferings. Allergic reaction is more common in platelet concentrate transfusion because stored platelet concentrate supernatants (PCSNs) accumulate striking levels of biological response modifiers (BRMs) during storage. Objective: To determine the risk factors of allergic reactions in platelate concentrate transfusion. Method: It is a case control study enrolled a total of 64 diagnosed case of aplastic anaemia receiving transfusion of platelet concentrate at Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, from May 2015 to April 2016. Among them 32 case of aplastic anaemia having allergic reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate was considered as group I (case) and rest 32 patients not developed allergic transfusion reaction due to transfusion of platelet concentrate was considered as group II (control). Patients age belong to 5 - 50 years and both sex and also patients getting transfusion of plate late concentrate were enrolled in this study. Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Chi-Square test, Odds ratio with 95% CI used to analyze the categorical variables, shown with cross tabulation. Student ttest used for continuous variables. Significant value of 'p' was decided to be at a level of 0.05 in two tailed tests. Result: The mean age was found 22.1±11.58 years in group I and 23.5±3.8 years in group II. Twenty four (75.0%) patients were male in group I and 17(53.1%) patients in group II. Almost twenty (62.5%) patients come from urban area in group I and 19(59.4%) in group II. In group I, thirty two (100.0%) patients had urticarialrash, 100.0% had itching, 37.5% had angioedema, 3.1% had cough, 3.1% had chest pain, 3.1% had respiratory distress, 3.1% had fever and 3.1% had vomiting. Almost twenty(62.5%) patients had tachycardia (>100 bpm) in group I and all patients had normal pulse in group II.Thirty two (100.0%) patients had normal blood pressure in both group. In group I, 31(96.9%) patients developed mild allergic reaction, 3.1% moderate allergic reaction. Majority (40.6%) patients belonged to age 16-30 years in present allergic transfusion reaction and 11(34.3%) in absent allergic transfusion reaction. Most (40.6%) of the patients was found blood group B in present allergic transfusion reaction and 11(34.4%) in absent allergic transfusion reaction. Multiple unit of PC transfusion increases 3.69 times risk to develop allergic transfusion reactions with 95% CI 0.99 to 14.44%.Platelet concentrate storage>3daysincreases 5.95timesrisktodevelopallergic transfusionreactionwith95%CI1.75to21.09%. Conclusion: Multiple unit (≥2) transfusion and Platelet concentrate storage >3 days were significantly (p<0.05) associated with allergic transfusion reactions but no significant association was found between allergic transfusion reactions with age and Blood group

Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Author(s):  
David Angelescu ◽  
Teodora Angelescu ◽  
Meda Romana Simu ◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

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