scholarly journals Electronic Cigarettes and Cardiovascular Risk: Caution Waiting for Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico D’Amario ◽  
Stefano Migliaro ◽  
Josip Andjelo Borovac ◽  
Rocco Vergallo ◽  
Mattia Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Current State ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Traditional Tobacco

Electronic cigarettes use is a growing trend in contemporary societies, with the propensity to compete with traditional tobacco smoking. Some preclinical studies demonstrated the toxic and detrimental effects of electronic cigarettes liquid components. Its impact on human health remains unknown and insufficiently studied. While some studies suggest that electronic cigarettes use might be associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired platelet function and increased risk of adverse clinical events, other studies did not confirm these findings and epidemiological data mostly suggest that the use of electronic cigarettes appears to be safer than that of traditional tobacco cigarettes. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge regarding electronic cigarettes and their impact on human health, with special emphasis on their effect on cardiovascular diseases.

Main approaches to prevention of health disorders in workers in contact with physical factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 827-829
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melentyev
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Building Enterprises

Introduction. One of the leading causes of occupational health loss, especially in mining and machine-building enterprises, is the combined impact of industrial noise and vibration. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important medical and social problems, due to persistent disability and high mortality, bringing prevention of health disorders to the first place as the basis for preserving labor longevity. The aim of study is to identify the main approaches aimed at preventing health problems in workers who come into contact with vibration and noise at mining and machine-building enterprises. Materials and methods. A survey and survey of 296 industrial workers was conducted. Group 1 (160 people) included men who were exposed to noise and vibration factors above the maximum permissible levels, group 2 consisted of 136 men who did not have direct contact with noise and vibration generating equipment. When conducting an in-depth laboratory and instrumental examination in a hospital setting, all workers additionally calculated the level of cardiovascular risk on the SCORE scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package "Statistica 6.0". Results. It is determined that the priority adverse factors of the working environment in production are noise and vibration. It has been shown that individuals who come into contact with these factors are more likely to detect violations of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, have a higher average heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Taking into account the obtained results of the proposed diagnostic approaches aimed at the prevention of health disorders among workers of industrial enterprises. If employees are found to have an increased cardiovascular risk, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth examination and timely medical and preventive measures.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
David M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals POS1065 CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AS A MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 811.1-811
Author(s):  
S. Smiyan ◽  
A. Bilukha ◽  
B. Koshak
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which develops in patients with psoriasis. Mortality among patients with PsA is 1.28 times higher than population levels and in most cases it is caused by cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). Those patients have increased risk of clinical and subclinical CVD, mostly due to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and accelerated atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) have been described in different cardiovascular pathologies, suggesting their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for dysfunction of endothelium.Objectives:To identify the potential role of circulating endothelial cells as a marker of cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Methods:In total, ninety-four patients with PsA, who fulfilled the disease criteria (CASPAR) were examined using standard diagnostic methods (including C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile) and evaluation endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to reactive hyperemia (EDVD). Circulating endothelial cells were determined in the peripheral venous blood samples by flow cytometry and counted according to a standardized protocol using a fluorescence microscope after acridine orange labeling. The control group, which were consisted from thirty healthy adults were also examined.Results:CEC were quantified in patients with PsA (7,15 ± 0,19 cells mL−1) and in the control group (4,05 ± 0,11 cells mL−1). Comparing two groups of patients, endothelial circulating cell level was significantly different (p = 0.0001). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between CEC count, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors and EDVD in patients with PsA. Increased CEC levels were associated with obesity (r=0,62), duration of disease (r=0,65), age (r=0,67), increased CRP (r=0,76), high blood pressure (r=0,87) and decreased EDVD (r=–0,91).Conclusion:CEC counts were significantly higher in patients with PsA, positively correlated with the main factors of CVD, and another specific marker of ED - EDVD. Elevated CEC levels were also associated with high concentrations of CRP, which plays a direct role in promoting vascular inflammation, vessel damage and clinical CVD events. In conclusion, increased CEC counts provide a direct proof of endothelial damage in patient with PsA and a clinically informative diagnostic tool for endothelial damage in pre-symptomatic CVD. As CEC are one of the most sensitive biomarker for ED, further efforts should concentrate on improving the sensitivity of its detection in order to increase diagnostic sensitivity.References:[1]Maura Farinacci, Thomas Krahn, Wilfried Dinh, et al. Circulating endothelial cells as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Res Pract Thromb Haemost, Vol. 3, Issue, 2019, P.49-58;[2]C. Horreau, C. Pouplard, E. Brenautet, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2013, P.12-19;[3]Frank Verhoeven, Clément Prati, Céline Demougeot, Daniel Wendling. Cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis, a narrative review. Joint Bone Spine, Vol. 87, Issue 5, 2020, P.413-418;Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis: influence of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapy on cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
D. I. Trukhan ◽  
D. S. Ivanova ◽  
K. D. Belus
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Rheumatoid arthritis is a frequent and one of the most severe immuno-inflammatory diseases in humans, which determines the great medical and socio-economic importance of this pathology. One of the priority problems of modern cardiac rheumatology is an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, traditional cardiovascular risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypodynamia) and a genetic predisposition are expressed. Their specific features also have a certain effect: the “lipid paradox” and the “obesity paradox”. However, chronic inflammation as a key factor in the development of progression of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction plays a leading role in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritis. This review discusses the effect of chronic inflammation and its mediators on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and its independent significance in the development of CVD. Drug therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, basic anti-inflammatory drugs, genetically engineered biological drugs) of the underlying disease also has a definite effect on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A review of studies on this problem suggests a positive effect of pharmacological intervention in rheumatoid arthritis on cardiovascular risk factors, their reduction to a level comparable to the populations of patients not suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The interaction of rheumatologists, cardiologists and first-contact doctors (therapist and general practitioner) in studying the mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will allow in real clinical practice to develop adequate methods for the timely diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals DDAH gene and cardiovascular risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S45-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Valkonen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Reijo Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The crucial role of nitric oxide (NO) for normal endothelial function is well known. In many conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes and smok ing, NO biosynthesis is dysregulated, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The grow ing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that endogenous inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) are associated with the endothelial dysfunc tion and potentially regulate NO synthase. The major route of elimination of ADMA is metabolism by the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and -2 (DDAH). In our recent study 16 men with either low or high plasma ADMA concen trations were screened to identify DDAH polymorphisms that could potentially be associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. In that study a novel functional mutation of DDAH-1 was identified; the mutation carriers had a significantly elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and a tendency to develop hypertension. These results confirmed the clinical role of DDAH enzymes in ADMA metabolism. Furthermore, it is possible that more common variants of DDAH genes contribute more widely to increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Role of Adipokines in Atherosclerosis: Interferences with Cardiovascular Complications in Rheumatic Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morena Scotece ◽  
Javier Conde ◽  
Rodolfo Gómez ◽  
Verónica López ◽  
Jesús Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pathologic Alteration ◽  
Holistic Vision

Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this paper we explore in detail the relationships among adipokines, rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.

scholarly journals Diet, nutrition and the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1a) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Srinath Reddy ◽  
Martijn B Katan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are growing contributors to global disease burdens, with epidemics of CVD advancing across many regions of the world which are experiencing a rapid health transition. Diet and nutrition have been extensively investigated as risk factors for major cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and are also linked to other cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. The interpretation of evidence needs to involve a critical appraisal of methodological issues related to measurement of exposures, nature of outcome variables, types of research design and careful separation of cause, consequence and confounding as the basis for observed associations.Adequate evidence is available, from studies conducted within and across populations, to link several nutrients, minerals, food groups and dietary patterns with an increased or decreased risk of CVD. Dietary fats associated with an increased risk of CHD include trans–fats and saturated fats, while polyunsaturated fats are known to be protective. Dietary sodium is associated with elevation of blood pressure, while dietary potassium lowers the risk of hypertension and stroke. Regular frequent intake of fruits and vegetables is protective against hypertension, CHD and stroke. Composite diets (such as DASH diets, Mediterranean diet, ‘prudent’ diet) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hypertension and CHD. Sufficient knowledge exists to recommend nutritional interventions, at both population and individual levels, to reduce cardiovascular risk. That knowledge should now be translated into policies which promote healthy diets and discourage unhealthy diets. This requires coordinated action at the level of governments, international organizations, civil society and responsible sections of the food industry.

scholarly journals DDAH gene and cardiovascular risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S45-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Valkonen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Reijo Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Route

The crucial role of nitric oxide (NO) for normal endothelial function is well known. In many conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes and smoking, NO biosynthesis is dysregulated, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that endogenous inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) are associated with the endothelial dysfunction and potentially regulate NO synthase. The major route of elimination of ADMA is metabolism by the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and -2 (DDAH). In our recent study 16 men with either low or high plasma ADMA concentrations were screened to identify DDAH polymorphisms that could potentially be associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. In that study a novel functional mutation of DDAH-1 was identified; the mutation carriers had a significantly elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and a tendency to develop hypertension. These results confirmed the clinical role of DDAH enzymes in ADMA metabolism. Furthermore, it is possible that more common variants of DDAH genes contribute more widely to increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Prevention of cardiovascular disease and eating behaviour in postmenopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dobrzyńska ◽  
Juliusz Przysławski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction. A balanced diet can help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. It particularly applies to the increased risk patients, including postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess dietary habits, and consumption of selected nutrients which may have influence on the cardiovascular risk and determine nutritional knowledge in the group of women. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 60 postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia. The nutritional status was assessed on the basis of anthropometric measurements. The assessment of nutrition was evaluated using a 24-hour dietary recall during 4 days. Based on the authors’ questionnaire, dietary habits and the level of knowledge on the cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Results. The diet of the studied group of women was characterized by excessive supply of energy derived from fat and inappropriate supply of cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium and vitamin D. Based on the assessed dietary habits, it was shown that the patients preferred foods with reduced fat content and mostly added salt for preparing their meals. Knowledge of factors affecting cardiovascular risk was insufficient. Conclusions. Inadequate diet with insufficient nutritional knowledge in the studied group of women may significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the future.

scholarly journals POS1131 THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN GOUT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 844.2-845
Author(s):  
P. Cox ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
S. S. Zhao ◽  
D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Gout is an inflammatory crystal arthropathy characterised by hyperuricaemia and sodium urate crystal deposition. Both gout and subclinical hyperuricaemia are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Several studies have found gout to cause an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the evidence is not unanimous. The conflicting evidence has made it difficult to establish the extent of the cardiovascular risk to patients with gout.Objectives:To describe the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls.Methods:PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched in January 2021 for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded. Sample size, prevalence of the investigated cardiovascular disease, definition of gout and cardiovascular disease, demographic data, data source and any comparisons with non-gout controls were extracted from each study. Where prevalence data was reported in ≥3 cohorts meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models.Results:Of the 6164 titles identified, 105 full texts were assessed for eligibility with 30 included in the review, producing a gout population of 1,125,988. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for six cardiovascular diseases: heart failure (8.73%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.85 – 23.76), cerebrovascular accident (4.27%; 95% CI, 1.83 – 9.67), myocardial infarction (2.82%; 95% CI, 1.58 – 5.01), venous thromboembolism (2.05%; 95% CI, 1.22 – 3.43), hypertension (63.94%; 95% CI, 24.51 – 90.64) and cardiovascular mortality (4.75%; 95% CI, 3.56 – 6.31). Twenty studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases, particularly for myocardial infarction.Conclusion:Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. These results are in line with other studies which have shown an increased cardiovascular risk for sufferers of hyperuricaemia, highlighting the need for future research to explain this finding. There are limited studies in the literature investigating less common cardiovascular conditions, illustrating the need for future work if a more thorough picture of prevalence is to be established.Figure 1.Forest plots of pooled prevalence of: (A) 8.73% for heart failure, (B) 4.27% for cerebrovascular accident, (C) 2.82% for myocardial infarction, (D) 2.05% for venous thromboembolism, (E) 63.94% for hypertension and (F) 4.75% for cardiovascular mortality.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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