scholarly journals DDAH gene and cardiovascular risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S45-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Valkonen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Reijo Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The crucial role of nitric oxide (NO) for normal endothelial function is well known. In many conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes and smok ing, NO biosynthesis is dysregulated, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The grow ing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that endogenous inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) are associated with the endothelial dysfunc tion and potentially regulate NO synthase. The major route of elimination of ADMA is metabolism by the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and -2 (DDAH). In our recent study 16 men with either low or high plasma ADMA concen trations were screened to identify DDAH polymorphisms that could potentially be associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. In that study a novel functional mutation of DDAH-1 was identified; the mutation carriers had a significantly elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and a tendency to develop hypertension. These results confirmed the clinical role of DDAH enzymes in ADMA metabolism. Furthermore, it is possible that more common variants of DDAH genes contribute more widely to increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals DDAH gene and cardiovascular risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S45-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Valkonen ◽  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Reijo Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Plasma Adma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Route

The crucial role of nitric oxide (NO) for normal endothelial function is well known. In many conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes and smoking, NO biosynthesis is dysregulated, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that endogenous inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) are associated with the endothelial dysfunction and potentially regulate NO synthase. The major route of elimination of ADMA is metabolism by the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and -2 (DDAH). In our recent study 16 men with either low or high plasma ADMA concentrations were screened to identify DDAH polymorphisms that could potentially be associated with increased susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases. In that study a novel functional mutation of DDAH-1 was identified; the mutation carriers had a significantly elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and a tendency to develop hypertension. These results confirmed the clinical role of DDAH enzymes in ADMA metabolism. Furthermore, it is possible that more common variants of DDAH genes contribute more widely to increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Role of Adipokines in Atherosclerosis: Interferences with Cardiovascular Complications in Rheumatic Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morena Scotece ◽  
Javier Conde ◽  
Rodolfo Gómez ◽  
Verónica López ◽  
Jesús Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pathologic Alteration ◽  
Holistic Vision

Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this paper we explore in detail the relationships among adipokines, rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.

Main approaches to prevention of health disorders in workers in contact with physical factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 827-829
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melentyev
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Building Enterprises

Introduction. One of the leading causes of occupational health loss, especially in mining and machine-building enterprises, is the combined impact of industrial noise and vibration. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important medical and social problems, due to persistent disability and high mortality, bringing prevention of health disorders to the first place as the basis for preserving labor longevity. The aim of study is to identify the main approaches aimed at preventing health problems in workers who come into contact with vibration and noise at mining and machine-building enterprises. Materials and methods. A survey and survey of 296 industrial workers was conducted. Group 1 (160 people) included men who were exposed to noise and vibration factors above the maximum permissible levels, group 2 consisted of 136 men who did not have direct contact with noise and vibration generating equipment. When conducting an in-depth laboratory and instrumental examination in a hospital setting, all workers additionally calculated the level of cardiovascular risk on the SCORE scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package "Statistica 6.0". Results. It is determined that the priority adverse factors of the working environment in production are noise and vibration. It has been shown that individuals who come into contact with these factors are more likely to detect violations of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, have a higher average heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Taking into account the obtained results of the proposed diagnostic approaches aimed at the prevention of health disorders among workers of industrial enterprises. If employees are found to have an increased cardiovascular risk, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth examination and timely medical and preventive measures.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
David M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Osteopontin in Cardiovascular Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Kohsuke Shirakawa ◽  
Motoaki Sano
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Unprecedented advances in secondary prevention have greatly improved the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, CVDs remain a leading cause of death globally. These findings suggest the need to reconsider cardiovascular risk and optimal medical therapy. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation, pro-thrombotic factors, and gene mutations are focused not only on cardiovascular residual risk but also as the next therapeutic target for CVDs. Furthermore, recent clinical trials, such as the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study trial, showed the possibility of anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with CVDs. Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions and is involved in a number of pathological states in CVDs. OPN has a two-faced phenotype that is dependent on the pathological state. Acute increases in OPN have protective roles, including wound healing, neovascularization, and amelioration of vascular calcification. By contrast, chronic increases in OPN predict poor prognosis of a major adverse cardiovascular event independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, OPN can be a therapeutic target for CVDs but is not clinically available. In this review, we discuss the role of OPN in the development of CVDs and its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals POS1065 CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AS A MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 811.1-811
Author(s):  
S. Smiyan ◽  
A. Bilukha ◽  
B. Koshak
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease which develops in patients with psoriasis. Mortality among patients with PsA is 1.28 times higher than population levels and in most cases it is caused by cardio-vascular diseases (CVD). Those patients have increased risk of clinical and subclinical CVD, mostly due to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and accelerated atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) have been described in different cardiovascular pathologies, suggesting their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for dysfunction of endothelium.Objectives:To identify the potential role of circulating endothelial cells as a marker of cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Methods:In total, ninety-four patients with PsA, who fulfilled the disease criteria (CASPAR) were examined using standard diagnostic methods (including C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile) and evaluation endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to reactive hyperemia (EDVD). Circulating endothelial cells were determined in the peripheral venous blood samples by flow cytometry and counted according to a standardized protocol using a fluorescence microscope after acridine orange labeling. The control group, which were consisted from thirty healthy adults were also examined.Results:CEC were quantified in patients with PsA (7,15 ± 0,19 cells mL−1) and in the control group (4,05 ± 0,11 cells mL−1). Comparing two groups of patients, endothelial circulating cell level was significantly different (p = 0.0001). Finally, we analyzed the relationship between CEC count, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors and EDVD in patients with PsA. Increased CEC levels were associated with obesity (r=0,62), duration of disease (r=0,65), age (r=0,67), increased CRP (r=0,76), high blood pressure (r=0,87) and decreased EDVD (r=–0,91).Conclusion:CEC counts were significantly higher in patients with PsA, positively correlated with the main factors of CVD, and another specific marker of ED - EDVD. Elevated CEC levels were also associated with high concentrations of CRP, which plays a direct role in promoting vascular inflammation, vessel damage and clinical CVD events. In conclusion, increased CEC counts provide a direct proof of endothelial damage in patient with PsA and a clinically informative diagnostic tool for endothelial damage in pre-symptomatic CVD. As CEC are one of the most sensitive biomarker for ED, further efforts should concentrate on improving the sensitivity of its detection in order to increase diagnostic sensitivity.References:[1]Maura Farinacci, Thomas Krahn, Wilfried Dinh, et al. Circulating endothelial cells as biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Res Pract Thromb Haemost, Vol. 3, Issue, 2019, P.49-58;[2]C. Horreau, C. Pouplard, E. Brenautet, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2013, P.12-19;[3]Frank Verhoeven, Clément Prati, Céline Demougeot, Daniel Wendling. Cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis, a narrative review. Joint Bone Spine, Vol. 87, Issue 5, 2020, P.413-418;Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

P1818Descending aortic thoracic diameter: a risk marker for major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O L Rueda Ochoa ◽  
L R Bons ◽  
S Rohde ◽  
K E L Ghoud ◽  
R Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Thoracic aortic diameters have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. However, limited evidence regarding the role of thoracic aortic diameters as risk markers for major cardiovascular outcomes among women and men exist. Purpose To evaluate the independent associations between crude and indexed ascending and descending aortic (AA and DA) diameters with major cardiovascular outcomes among women and men and to provide optimal cutoff values associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Methods and results 2178 women and men ≥55 years from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study underwent multi-detector CT scan of thorax. Crude diameters of the AA and DA were measured and indexed by height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and body mass index (BMI). Incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were evaluated during 13 years of follow-up. Weight-, BSA-, or BMI-indexed AA diameters showed significant associations with total or cardiovascular mortality in both sexes and height-indexed values showed association with HF in women. Crude AA diameters were associated with stroke in men and HF in women. For DA, crude and almost all indexed diameters showed significant associations with either stroke, HF, cardiovascular or total mortality in women. Only weight-, BSA- and BMI-indexed values were associated with total mortality in men. For crude DA diameter, the risk for stroke increased significantly at the 75th percentile among men while the risks for HF and cardiovascular mortality increased at the 75th and 85th percentiles respectively in women. Conclusions Our study suggests a role for descending thoracic aortic diameter as a marker for increased cardiovascular risk, in particular for stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality among women. The cut points for increased risk for several of cardiovascular outcomes were below the 95th percentile of the distribution of aortic diameters.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis: influence of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapy on cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
D. I. Trukhan ◽  
D. S. Ivanova ◽  
K. D. Belus
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Rheumatoid arthritis is a frequent and one of the most severe immuno-inflammatory diseases in humans, which determines the great medical and socio-economic importance of this pathology. One of the priority problems of modern cardiac rheumatology is an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, traditional cardiovascular risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, smoking and hypodynamia) and a genetic predisposition are expressed. Their specific features also have a certain effect: the “lipid paradox” and the “obesity paradox”. However, chronic inflammation as a key factor in the development of progression of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction plays a leading role in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritis. This review discusses the effect of chronic inflammation and its mediators on traditional cardiovascular risk factors and its independent significance in the development of CVD. Drug therapy (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, basic anti-inflammatory drugs, genetically engineered biological drugs) of the underlying disease also has a definite effect on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A review of studies on this problem suggests a positive effect of pharmacological intervention in rheumatoid arthritis on cardiovascular risk factors, their reduction to a level comparable to the populations of patients not suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The interaction of rheumatologists, cardiologists and first-contact doctors (therapist and general practitioner) in studying the mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will allow in real clinical practice to develop adequate methods for the timely diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Breast Vascular Calcifications as a Predictor for Coronary Artery Calcification

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
D. A. Bazhenova ◽  
O. S. Puchkova ◽  
E. A. Mershina ◽  
V. E. Sinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Vascular Calcifications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wall Calcification ◽  
Made In

Background. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death among women, and current prevention paradigms may not be sufficient in this group. In this context, it has been suggested that the detection of breast vascular calcifications can improve the screening and assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in apparently healthy women.Objective: to study the role of breast vascular calcifications as a potential predictor for coronary artery calcification. Material and methods. Examinations were made in 123 patients who underwent digital mammography and cardiac computed tomography to estimate a coronary artery calcium score.Results. The use of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney W-test for abnormal distribution showed a relationship between the presence of breast vascular calcifications and calcium score (p< 0.001), and that between aortic wall calcification and calcium score (p< 0.001).Conclusion. Breast vascular calcifications detected by mammography are an indicator of a higher frequency of coronary artery calcification and, apparently, a predictor for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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