scholarly journals Impact of cadmium and lead on Megaphyllum kievense (Diplopoda, Julidae) in a laboratory experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Kozak ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

After accumulating in plants, lead and cadmium of technogenic origin concentrate in forest litter, thus inhibiting the speed of its microbiological decomposition and causing chronic intoxication of saprophage millipedes which feed on it. The 20-day laboratory experiment described in this article determined the toxic impact of lead and cadmium (at concentrations of 0.3, 3, 30, 300, 3,000 and 30,000 mg/kg of litter) on the body weight of Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928) and microbiological decomposition of forest litter. The death rate of M. kievense increased from 10–20% to 40% at 3 and 30 g/kg of lead and to 100% at 30 g of cadmium per 1 kg of litter. Gain in body weight of M. kievense reliably decreased only at 3 g/kg of cadmium (0.71 to 0.20 mg/24-hours). Under the influence of lead, gain in body weight reliably decreased compared to the control already at 100 times smaller concentration (30 mg/kg of substrate – 0.74 to 0.10 mg/24-hours). Under the influence of both cadmium and lead, the decomposition of litter by microorganisms is slowed down only under the highest of the studied concentrations (30 g/kg). The results of the laboratory experiment showed high resistance of M. kievense to lead and cadmium, at levels significantly higher than natural concentrations of heavy metals in technogenically transformed ecosystems.

scholarly journals Effect of Diatomite on the Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Body of White Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
Vasily I. Dorozhkin ◽  
Natalia A. Brichko ◽  
Natalia S. Pavlova ◽  
Galina I. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Every year, pollution by eco-toxicants of natural and anthropogenic origin is becoming more and more acute. Some of the most toxic among them are heavy metals, especially cadmium and lead. These elements do not decompose. Once released into the environment, these elements continue to circulate in water, soil, and air for a very long time, accumulating in plants and livestock products. Therefore, there is a problem of obtaining safe agricultural products in areas contaminated with heavy metals. In animal husbandry, synthetic and natural enterosorbents are used for obtaining safe products. For example, such enterosorbents are shungites, bentonites, diatomites, clays. We tested diatomite from the Kamyshlovskoye deposit at a dose of 5.0 g/kg of feed to reduce cadmium accumulation and lead during their combined intake. We investigated the feed intake of a combination of cadmium and lead at doses of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg feed. The result of this experiment is the accumulation of metals in the liver, kidneys, and bones, and, in addition, in the testes. The use of diatomite to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals has not been successful. There is an increase in lead accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and testes. The content of cadmium in diatomite is 3.86 ± 0.20 mg/kg, lead – 105.0 ± 7.2 mg/kg. The results obtained indicate that diatomite as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication did not show protective properties.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium selenite and feed additive “Metisevit plus” on morphological parameters of blood of rats at the intoxication of Cadmium and Lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
S. О. Slobodian ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
S. D. Murska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Intoxication ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Experimental Group

Heavy metals, Lead and Cadmium, are hazardous environmental pollutants. In the body of mammals, Cadmium and Lead have a toxic effect on a number of organs and systems. The mechanism of action of these poisons is to inhibit the activity of enzyme systems by blocking carboxyl, amine and SH groups of protein molecules. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sodium selenite and feed additive “Metisevit plus” on the morphological parameters of rat blood by Cadmium and Lead intoxication. The experiments were carried out on 200–220 g male Wistar rats, out of which 3 groups of animals were formed: a control and two experimental animals. Rats in the control and experimental groups were administered 16.6 % aqueous lead acetate at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 0.029 % aqueous cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. The rats of the first experimental group additionally used sodium selenite. The rats of the second experimental group additionally used the feed additive “Metisevit plus”. Lead-cadmium loading in rats was accompanied by erythrocytopenia and leukopenia. The lowest erythrocyte count was in the blood of diseased rats at 21 days, where it decreased by 41.3 %, respectively, compared to the initial values. It was found that hemoglobin level decreased to 90.3 ± 2.63 g/l during Cadmium and Lead intoxication in control rats. At the same time as the decrease in hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes in intoxicated rats, an increase in the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte of blood was observed up to 20.57 ± 1.20 pg As a result of the development of lead-cadmium intoxication in ill rats, leukopenia was noted, which, in our opinion, is associated with systemic lesions of cadmium and lead in the blood-forming organs of animals that suppress leukopoiesis. It was found that the number of leukocytes in patients of rats of group C decreased by 36.1 % compared with the initial data. The use of sodium selenite and the feed additive “Metisevit plus” in rats under lead-cadmium loading contributed to the increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin level, as well as the decrease in the number of leukocytes in their blood. The improvement of normalizing effect on the morphological parameters of blood of rats under conditions of loading with heavy metals was shown by the feed additive “Metisevit plus” in comparison with sodium selenite.

scholarly journals The mathematical model for forecasting the accumulation of heavy metals in pig production

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
О. Chala ◽  
О. Chaly ◽  
S. Nagorny
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incorporation Rate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Impact

The results of research represent the impact of extensive doses of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in store pigs bodies. Heavy metals were fed jointly and individually in the doses exceeding the maximum allowable concentrations in the fodder by 10 and 20 times. Therefore, the process of intoxication of the biological object (a swine) by heavy metals is modeled in a way similar to that, which might occur as the result of environmental pollution. The study was performed in order to determine the targets and the extent of the impact of heavy metals exerted upon the body weight, weight of inner parts of the animal body, and the incorporation rate of heavy metals in the swine breeding products. Statistical processing of the obtained data allowed developing mathematical models and determining the correlational relationships between the aspects under investigation. It is determined that heavy metals exert an essential negative impact upon the rate of animal growth and the power of influence increases with the dose. It is also confirmed by a high value of correlational relationship between these parameters (the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.854). Thus, the body weight of swine during the latter of I-II stagesdecreased by 5.5 to 14.8% as it was compared to the control under the influence of hemotoxic substances. The extent of the impact was also dependent upon the toxin itself. Thus, the largest negative effect was observed both under the impact of cadmium only and of cadmium and lead taken together. The highest accumulation of heavy metals was observed in the liver and kidneys, whereas the lowest – in the muscles. The built regression equations showed that increasing of the dose of the relevant element in the fodder exerted the main impact on concentration of cadmium and lead in the body and meat. The content of cadmium in the fodder exerted an impact upon concentration of lead in the meat – with the increase of cadmium concentration the content of lead in the meat decreased. The results of the studies provide an overview of the targets and the extent of the impact exerted by heavy metals upon biological objects. The mathematical models may be used for prediction of the impact and the incorporation rate value of the hemotoxic substances in the swine breeding products. Key words: lead, cadmium, swine breeding products, ecocide environmental impact, migration of xenobiotic, mathematical model.

EFFECT OF L-CYSTEINE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE BODY OF WHITE RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
G.I. Pavlenko ◽  
N.A. Brichko ◽  
N.S. Pavlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

The feed additive L-cysteine ​​in a therapeutic dose was used for 2 months against the background of poisoning of white rats with a combination of lead and cadmium at a level of 10 MPC (50 and 5 mg / kg, respectively). The maximum accumulation of heavy metals was found in the kidneys (Pb up to 8,15 mg / kg, Cd 2,51 mg / kg) and liver (Pb up to 7,44 mg / kg, Cd 1,80 mg / kg) of rats. With the introduction of L-cysteine ​​into the feed, the content of lead decreased by 2 times and cadmium by 2 ... 4 times in all investigated organs. Thus, L-cysteine has shown a fairly complete protective effect in heavy metal poisoning and can be recommended as a means that can reduce heavy metal (HM) intoxication.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

scholarly journals Use of water-alcohols treatment of medicinal plants under conditions modeling intoxication by lead and cadmium

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Koval ◽  
T. I. Bokova ◽  
A. F. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Water Alcohol

The results of studying the effects of water-alcohol infusions of medicinal plants - rhizomes of thick-leafed incense (Bergenia crasslifolia L. Fritsch), dioica nettle leaves (Urtica dioca L.), burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.), and mother-and-leaf leaves - are presented. ordinary machichi (Tussilago farfara L.) on the organism of laboratory rats under conditions of short-term intoxication with heavy metals in doses of 25 mg of lead and 2.5 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of live weight. In the course of studies it was found that the effect of heavy metals on the body of laboratory animals is selective - the main “depot” of lead was bone tissue, and cadmium - the kidneys and liver. The addition of 1 ml of water-alcohol infusions from medicinal raw materials to the diet of rats as detoxicants caused a decrease in the level of lead in the animal organism to 6.32 times, cadmium to 3.46 times. The greatest detoxification ability was shown by infusions of the roots of burdock and leaves of nettle dioecious. Under the influence of elevated doses of lead and cadmium in laboratory animals there was an increase in heart mass by 40.34 % and spleen by 89.91 %, a decrease in the content of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum by 25.81 %. Water-alcohol infusions normalized the biochemical parameters of rat blood serum. Studies have shown that the infusions of rhizomes of thick-leafed frangipani, burdock roots, dioecious nettles and coltsfoot leaves with antioxidant properties can be the basis for the development of an effective herbal preparation used for the prevention and treatment of animals from intoxication with salts of heavy metals.

THE RESULTS OF STUDYING THE EFFICIENCY OF DIATOMITE AT INTOXICATION OF ANIMALS WITH CADMIUM AND LEAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
V.I. Dorozhkin ◽  
◽  
G.I. Pavlenko ◽  
N.S Pavlova ◽  
D.A. Drozdov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Heavy Metal Intoxication

The combination of cadmium and lead in doses at the level of 10 MPC for feed caused in white rats a decrease in body weight and immunoglobulin content in blood serum, an increase in the summation threshold indicator, a decrease of the amount of protein in urine and SH-groups in blood serum, a significant increase in mass coefficients of the liver and kidneys. The use of diatomite as a means to reduce heavy metal intoxication slightly increased body weight. The use of means did not lead to normalization of the summation threshold indicator, did not significantly affect the content of SH-groups. In the group of animals treated with diatomite, the mass coefficients of the liver remained significantly higher than the control values. The obtained results indicate that diatomite did not show protective properties as a feed additive to reduce lead and cadmium intoxication.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Rock and Water from dug Wells in a Residential Area in Lagos State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Mopelola Omotoso ◽  
Ibrahim Amoo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Samples of rock deposit dug out from wells at Alimosho local government in Lagos state, Nigeria were characterized for chemical composition and ultimate utilization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were used to identify the rock as a mixed clay rock containing 35.04% Illite, 25.64% Illite plus Quartz, 22.20% Kaolinite and 17.09% Feldspar. This was corroborated by cation determination that showed the rock to be predominantly clayey rock. The mean concentrations of lead and copper in water of the wells in the rock location are 0.004mg/L and 0.05mg/L respectively while cadmium is less than detectable limit. The well water in the area studied is therefore not contaminated by these heavy metals. Heavy metals removal by the mixed clay from polluted underground water was studied using AAS. A general increase of sorption was observed with increase in the adsorbent dosage. 20g of the rock adsorbed a higher percentage of copper (80.23%) than lead and cadmium that were 70.25% and 65.83% respectively. The percentage of heavy metals adsorbed confirms the use of mixed clay minerals as a contaminants removal from the underground polluted water. The rock adsorbed copper readily than cadmium and lead. The maximum amount of lead removed from the contaminated underground water of the defunct battery site across the adsorbent dosage (5g, 10g, 15g and 20g) were 1.20mg/L, 3.19mg/L, 3.69mg/L and 4.09mg/L respectively indicating the effect of increase in adsorbent dosage in remediating the lead contaminated water. This data showed that the rock can be used to remove these heavy metals from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Studies on some heavy metal contents of ximenia americana and sclerocarya birrea wild fruit from North-Eastern Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A Maspalma ◽  
U.A Maryam ◽  
M.B. Hamid ◽  
K.S Hamman ◽  
S.P Artimas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Wild Fruits ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
High Concentrations

Fruits play important role in providing the individuals daily dietary needs from vitamins, iron, and some metals that are needed in the body as dietary supplement or as an important element that form some hormones or enzymes in small concentrations, if exists in high concentrations become toxic with side effects. The presence of heavy metals such as of Fe, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, and Zn in Ximenia americana and sclerocarya birrea wild fruits were determined using standard methods such as AAS. Results obtained from this study revealed that the concentration of the metals in sclerocarya birrea was Iron, (8.83 ± 0.10) Cadmium (0.01 ± 0.00) Lead (0.04 ± 0.02) Chromium (0.19±0.10) Manganese (4.27 ± 0.20) Nickel (0.21 ±0.10) Cobalt (0.09 ±0.01) and Zinc (2.96 ± 0.02) mg/g. On the other hand, Ximenia americana content was Iron, (6.37 ± 0.10) Cadmium (0.02 ± 0.01) Lead (0.01 ± 0.00) Chromium (0.24±0.01) Manganese (2.50 ± 0.10) Nickel (0.29 ±0.10) Cobalt (0.17 ±0.00) and Zinc (2.31 ± 0.06) mg/g respectively. Highest concentration of Iron was recorded as (8.83 ± 0.10) mg/g in the sclerocarya birrea sample analyzed, while Lead and Cadmium were found to be the least with concentration of (0.01 ±0.00) mg/g in both samples. Their concentrations are within the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) set by FAO/WHO. The findings of this study reveal that there are no health risks associated with the consumption of heavy metals through the intake of these two fruits.

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