scholarly journals Calcium-binding protein, S100b, in the blood as a biochemical marker of the neurological state of men in warzones

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
D. V. Muraviova ◽  
M. R. Buniatov ◽  
G. A. Ushakovа
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Protein S100b

Acute and chronic stress are two of the most challenging issues faced by men situated in warzones. According to the main concept of G. Selye, stress response is the most important link during the adaptation of an organism to environmental factors. However, excessively intense or prolonged exposure to stress creates the threat of sustained homeostasis disorder. At present, the primary indicators in clinical studies are the general biochemical parameters of blood alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatine, urea, total protein, and glucose levels. But these indicators are not classical markers for determining the state of the nervous system itself and cannot reflect a patient's mental state. In this regard, we tested for a different biomarker; we made an attempt to determine the neurospecific S100b protein in the blood serum by analyzing the correlation between classical and specific methods for diagnosing the state of the nervous system. For this study, blood was collected from 20 patients aged 25 to 45 years old. Participants were divided into two groups: one group of provisionally healthy men and another group of patients who were admitted to the Department of Neurology of the I. Mechnikov Regional Clinical Hospital after military operations (from the territory of the ATU). The standard test kits of PrAT Reagent Company (Dnipro) were used to assess biochemical indicators in accordance with the given instruction in the supplier’s protocol. The activity of each of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, direct and total bilirubin content, creatine, urea, total protein levels, and astrocyte-specific protein S100b was examined. The level of alanine aminotransferase in the men from the warzone was 23.9 ± 3.9 μmol/l, compared with the healthy men 31.2 ± 0.7 μmol/l. The level of aspartate aminotransferase in the group of men at the neurological department was similar to that in the healthy group. The content of direct bilirubin in the patients at the neurological department increased by 28.0%, compared with the healthy men. The concentration of creatinine, total protein, urea, and glucose levels did not significantly change, compared with healthy volunteers and were in the range of the standard reference data. The content of astrocyte-specific protein, S100b, in the blood of the patients was 0.011 μg/ml, 36.0% more than in the conditionally healthy men 0.007 μg/ml. Prolonged stress could, therefore, induce profound changes in blood brain barrier and registration of neurospecific protein in the blood of men in warzones. These changes could become chronic if or when these men develop other social and economic problems that can be monitored with the specific marker for S100b.

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

scholarly journals Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
CS Lin ◽  
GH Chiang ◽  
CH Liu ◽  
HC Tsai ◽  
CC Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Blood Samples

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup>, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup> and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument’s analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser’s performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (&lt; 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

scholarly journals HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF PHENOLIC OLIVE TREE EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETIC RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Laaboudi ◽  
Jamal Ghanam ◽  
Oumaima Ghoumari ◽  
Fatiha Sounni ◽  
Mohammed Merzouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Diabetic Rats

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of an olive tree extract with high polyphenols content on blood glucose level and other related parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg bw). 72h after injection, rats with fasting blood glucose higher than 2 g/l were used for the experiments. Olive tree extract was administered for 28 d and blood glucose level was measured every 4 d. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, urea, total protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, were determined at the end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The oral administration of olive tree extract contributes to blood glucose level decreasing in diabetic rats group, which was significantly lower at 4th week compared to the diabetic control rats. Moreover, supplementation by olive tree extract decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, urea, total protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase resulting from damage caused by streptozotocin treatment. Beside this, significant reduce (p&lt;0.05) in heart disease risk ratio was observed for treated group (4.1±0.14) compared to untreated group (7.64±0.36), which was quite similar to normal rats (4.50±0.36). Studied olive tree extract effects were similar to those of glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results herein obtained reveal the hypoglycemic effect of this olive tree extract, suggesting his potential use as a natural antidiabetic agent.</p>

scholarly journals Epizootology and biochemical Pparameters of Dogs with babesiosis in barnaul

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
N. M. Ponamarev ◽  
M. Yu. Novikova M. ◽  
N. V. Tikhaya
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

The purpose of the research is studying the epizootology of babesiosis and biochemical parameters of dogs with babesiosis in Barnaul. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Epizootology, Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Altai State Agrarian University and at the Barnaul Central Veterinary Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed according to the laboratory research journal from 2013 to 2017. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on clinical evidence and microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total and conjugated bilirubin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, calcium and phosphorus contained in the blood serum was determined. In total, 1258 blood samples of dogs of different sex, age and breed were examined. In order to identify age-related features in hematological parameters, we formed 4 groups of 30 dogs in each age group. We studied indicators such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the total number of red blood cells, and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and color index, and counted formed elements. The spread of ixodic ticks was studied in Barnaul and a suburban area of Chernitsky Forest. Ixodic ticks were collected on flag. A total of 535 live ticks of the Ixodidae family were collected. The species of ixodic ticks was identified using the Guide to arachnoentomoses. Results and discussion. The rate of babesia infection in dogs was 36.3%. Most often babesiosis occurs in outbred dogs, the terrier, German Shepherd dog, Cocker Spaniel, Central Asian Shepherd dog and dachshund. Males, especially those over the age of 8, are more infected with Babesia. Most cases of dog lesions by babesiosis occur in Zheleznodorozhny, Central and Industrial Districts of Barnaul. The disease is diagnosed from early April to late June, and from early August to late October. Significant indicators for identifying the pathology of individual systems and organs of the animal affected by babesiosis are aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total and conjugated bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. The level of total protein under the age of two years is lowered, while calcium and phosphorus are within physiological values. 

scholarly journals Protein-synthesizing function and functional state of the liver of dogs at experimental toxocariasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
W. S. Said ◽  
V. V. Stybel ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. B. Pryima ◽  
I. Y. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of toxocariasis invasion on protein-synthesizing function and functional state of the liver of dogs. For experimental studies, 12 dogs aged from two to four months were used and two groups of six animals were formed in each: control and experimental. Puppies of the experimental group were experimentally infected with the pathogen toxocariasis at a dose of 5,000 invasive eggs of T. canis per kg of body weight. The control puppies were clinically healthy. Protein-synthesizing function of the liver of dogs in experimental toxocariasis was studied by the level of total protein and its fractions. It was found that on the 25th day of the experiment the level of total protein in the blood of the experimental group of dogs was 56.9 ± 1.47 g/l, while in the control group – 63.8 ± 2.92 g/l. The lowest level of the studied indicator was on the 30th day of the experiment in the blood of the experimental group of dogs, where it decreased by 9.6 %. The results of a study of protein fractions in the blood of dogs infested with toxocara showed that the percentage of albumin is likely to decrease. However, in the blood of infected dogs in this period of research there was a probable increase in globulin levels. The study of the effect of toxocariasis invasion on the activity of enzymes in blood serum is a test for the morphological and functional state of tissues and organs. Based on the studies, it was found that with the development of toxocariasis invasion in dogs there is an increase in alanine aminotransferase in their serum. On the 25th and 30th day of the experiment, the activity of the enzyme in the serum of infected dogs was the highest, where compared with the control group of dogs, the activity of ALT increased by 51.2 and 59.1 %, respectively. Similar changes in activity were observed in the determination of aspartate aminotransferase, where, respectively, on the 15th, 20th and 25th day of the experiment, the activity of AST in the serum of infected dogs increased by 19.3, 27.5 and 39.1 %.

Toxicological Interactions of Cassia Senna and Nerium oleander in the Diet of Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Yahya ◽  
A. H. Al-Farham ◽  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The toxic effects of diet containing 10% of C. senna L. fruits or 10% of N. oleander L. leaves or their 1 : 1 mixture (5%+5%) on male Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks were investigated. Diarrhea was a prominent sign of C. senna L. toxicosis. In both phytotoxicities, there were decreases in body weight gains, inefficiency of feed utilization, dullness and enterohepatonephropathy. These findings accompanied by leukopenia and anemia were correlated with alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and other serum constituents. In both phytotoxicities, the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin remained unchanged. Feeding the mixture of C. senna L. fruits and N. oleander L. leaves caused more serious effects and death of rats. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of various levels of dietary Artemisia abyssinica leaves on rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. I. Adam ◽  
A. A. Al-Qarawi ◽  
E. A. Elhag
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Artemisia abyssinica leaves, a traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders, were fed to male Wistar rats at 2% and 10% of the standard diet for 6 weeks. A 2% A. abyssinica leaf diet was not toxic to rats. Depression in growth, hepatopathy and nephropathy were observed in rats fed a diet containing 10% of A. abyssinica leaves. These findings were accompanied by leukopenia, anaemia and alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities with changes in concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and urea.

scholarly journals Influence of 8-Hour Road Transportation on Selected Physiological Parameters in Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź ◽  
Marcin Zawadzki ◽  
Henryk Filipowski ◽  
Józef Nicpoń
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Physiological Variables

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the physiological responses in mature healthy horses prior to an 8 h transport, as well as immediately and 24 h after transportation in a horse truck, under autumn conditions typical for central Poland. The study was conducted on a group of 60 horses of different breed. Horses ranged from 4 to 10 years of age. Venous blood was taken 3 times: I - directly before loading the horses to the trailer, II - directly after unloading the horses from the trailer, III - after period of 24 h resting. There was no change in the concentrations of urea, cholesterol, creatinine, and magnesium and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase during the three subsequent samplings. Albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, and triglycerides were mostly influenced by the transport. The obtained results indicate that the transportation of horses alters concentrations of physiological variables of their metabolism.

scholarly journals Enzyme blood profile in lactating cows of different bulls’ genetic lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
V.I. Eremenko ◽  
Yu.I. Gatilova ◽  
A.V. Blednova ◽  
S.Yu. Steblovskaya ◽  
G.I. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ldh Activity

Scientific and production experiments were carried out on lactating cows of the Simmental breed. 4 groups of cows derived from different lines of bulls Romulus, Redad, Huxle, and Honig were formed for the experiment. Each group contained 10 heads. The level of dairy productivity of experimental cows was the same and amounted to about 11 thousand kg of milk per lactation. The keeping conditions for the animals were the same. Feeding levels were consistent with their dairy productivity. Blood for the study was taken once a month prior to morning feeding. The following were determined in blood samples: total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). During lactation, the highest level of total protein, the activity of ALT, AAT, AP, LDH was observed at the peak of lactation, followed by their decrease by the end of lactation regardless of cows’ genetic affiliation. Relatively higher levels of total protein and ALT, AAT and LDH activity have been observed in lactating cows of the bull line Romulus relative to cows of the bull lines Redad, Huxle and Honig. There were no differences within the cows’ genetic lines in the activity of alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Role of Hatikana (Leea macrophyllaRoxb.) Partially Improves the Hepatic Damage Induced by CCl4in Wistar Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Akhter ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Jannatul Aklima ◽  
Md. Rakibul Hasan ◽  
J. M. Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

This research investigated the protective role ofLeea macrophyllaextract on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats. Different fractions ofLeea macrophylla(Roxb.) crude extract were subjected to analysis for antioxidative effects. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal control, hepatic control, and reference control (silymarin) group and treatment group. Evaluations were made for the effects of the fractions on serum enzymes and biochemical parameters of CCl4-induced albino rat. Histopathological screening was also performed to evaluate the changes of liver tissue before and after treatment. Different fractions ofLeea macrophyllashowed very potent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, FeCl3reducing effect, superoxide scavenging effect, and iron chelating effect. Carbon tetrachloride induction increased the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and other biochemical parameters such as lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. In contrast, treatment ofLeea macrophyllareduced the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as biochemical parameters activities.L. macrophyllapartially restored the lipid profiles, total protein, and CK-MB. Histopathology showed the treated liver towards restoration. Results evidenced thatL. macrophyllacan be prospective source of hepatic management in liver injury.

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