scholarly journals Features of Dictamnus albus (Rutaceae) in the pregenerative period of ontogeny in M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
А. М. Gnatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Dictamnus Albus

Investigation of plant ontogenetic peculiarities and establishment of boundaries of ontogenetic states of individuals is a necessary basis for studying their populations. The minimal amount of data on morphology of plants in the pregenerative period of ontogenesis complicates plant identification in natural and cultural populations. Such information is especially important for rare species of plants. Dictamnus albus L. is a perennial rare plant listed in the Red Book of Ukraine.The objective of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of ontomorphogenesis of D. albus, to establish diagnostic signs of age stages and the sequence of their passage for identification of the multivariance of development. The results of the study on D. albus ontomorphogeny in the latent and pregenerative period at the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden оf the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are represented in this article. Diagnostic features of age stages: seeds, seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginile are established. The study shows a multivariate development that reveals different sequences of passing ontogenesis states by individuals and, accordingly, the rate of their aging and life expectancy. To describe the variation of the passage by individuals of ontogeny stages, we divided the stages into ontomorphs, which determined the degree of development-degradation of plants. The research showed that every age stage lasts for one growing season or longer. The first bloom in plants does not come earlier than the sixth year of vegetation. Seedlings and juvenile plants vary in leaf number and phyllotaxy. The development of immature plants takes place from the third year of vegetation. Seedlings, juvenile and young immature plants have a tap-root system. In individuals older than 4 years a root system forms which becomes similar to the fibrous root system due to the presence of several thickened roots. In immature and virginile plants, we observed the formation of adventitious roots on the caudex. It has been found that D. albus is characterized by heterophylly and morphological variability of leaves, which is developed during ontogeny and shoot formation. The variety of the architecture of individuals in the early stages of ontogenesis and the multi-variation of their development indicate the variation of the reaction rate.The data may be used for evaluate age (ontogenetic) structure of D. albus populations.

scholarly journals Features of Trifolium rubens (Leguminosae) ontomorphogenesis in conditions of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
A. M. Gnatiuk ◽  
M. B. Gaponenko ◽  
A. М. Gaponenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
The Individual

The necessary basis for studying the structure and dynamics of populations is an investigation of ontomophogenetic peculiarities and establishment of ontogenetic stages of individuals. Information about ontomorphogenesis is especially important for protected species of plants. The minimal amount of data on morphology of plants in the different periods of ontogenesis complicates plant identification and evaluation of population state conditions in nature and culture. Trifolium rubens L. is a perennial Central European plant listed in the Red Book of Ukraine as a rare species. The objective of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of ontomorphogenesis of T. rubens, to establish diagnostic signs of age stages and the sequence of their passage for identification of the multivariance of development. The results of the study on T. rubens ontomorphogeny at the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden оf the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and in the natural population in Zakarpattya are represented in this article. The terms “age stage” and “age period” are used to describe the degree of ontogenetic development of individuals. Diagnostic features of the age periods: latent, pregenerative, generative and senile are established. Detailed morphological descriptions of plants in different stages of ontogenesis are presented. The study shows a multivariate development that reveals different sequences of passing ontogenesis stages by individuals and, accordingly, the rate of their aging and life expectancy. It was found that during the first year of vegetation the plants undergo two periods (latent and pregenerative) and 5 stages of ontogeny (latent, seedlings, juvenile, immature and virginile). The first bloom in plants appears mainly in the second year of vegetation. The research showed the change of the leaf blade shape in ontogeny from simple to compound. There is a difference in the pubescence of leaf parts, and leaf shape indicates that these features are age-old. It was concluded that the aboveground part of the immature, virginile, generative individuals during the flowering period of plants differ from subsenile and senile in shape and number of leaves. In the generative period of ontogeny in dense plantings or in the natural population, it is difficult to reliably determine the boundaries of an individual by the aboveground part. The correlation between vegetative shoots of different type and generative shoots in the individual or group of plants can be used as an indicator to estimate the ontogenetic status of a particular locus or population. Successful growth of T. rubens in culture outside the natural range indicates good prospects for its ex situ protection and the implementation of measures for repatriation and restoration of populations in nature. The data of the research may be used for evaluation of the age structure of T. rubens populations.

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical aspects of the firstand-second year leaf epidermis of some Rhododendron L. winter-green species in the Bugsko-Polessky Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladimirovna Bondar ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Zerkal
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Structure ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper discusses morphological and anatomical aspects of the first-and-second-year-leaf epidermis of the two winter-green species, genus Rhododendron L.: R. catawbiense Michx. and R. davidsonianum Rehd., grown in the Bugsko-Polessky Region from the seed reproduction of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The representatives of the studied genus are promising crops for planting gardens, settlements and interiors. Therefore, the study of leaf anatomy lets to find plants adaptive features to different environmental conditions and identify their adaptation capacity in the new conditions of growth. The paper identified diagnostic features, as well as similarities and differences of morphometric parameters. The research method was a comparative anatomical one. The author made a code of diagnostic features of the leaf anatomical structure, which described the views of cross sections. The character of the natural confinement species lays its mark on the formation of individual elements of the leaves structure, ensuring their successful adaptation to the new conditions of growth. The studies have shown that both species quite successfully acclimatized and are promising for mass reproduction and wider use in the Bugsko-Polessky Region, and this is supported by qualitative and quantitative indicators of the morphology and internal leaf structure.

scholarly journals Features of seasonal growth of Arundo donax var. versicolor Mill. (Stokes) in the conditions of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Plant Shoots

Purpose. To define of phenological and morphological features of A. donax var. versicolor growth during the introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Methods. The object of research was the plants of A. donax var. versicolor in the collection of ornamental grasses of the department of flower and ornamental plants of NBG. The plants were grown on a sunny experimental area during 2014–2020. Since under NBG conditions, A. donax var. versicolor did not enter the flowering phase, the beginning of the phases of spring regrowth, leaf unfolding, and the end of the growing season were recorded. Morphometric parameters and shoot-forming ability were investigated for 3–5 years of cultivation. Results. The beginning and duration of the phases of shoot spring regrowth and the unfolding of leaves of A. donax var. versicolor as well as their dependence on the sum of effective temperatures was established. Thus, spring regrowth begins with renewal buds on May 11 ± 5 days at the effective temperature sums of 226.6 ± 19.7 °С. The phase of leaf development in plants occurred on May 20 ± 7 days. The effective temperature sum at the beginning of this phase was 309.45 ± 11.66 °C. The productivity of shoot formation (1.6 ± 0.3 shoot per plant) under the conditions of introduction was determined. Conclusions. A. donax var. versicolor plants did not have a full cycle of seasonal development in the conditions of the NBG. Plants formed vegetative monocyclic shoots 240–260 cm tall. The duration of their vegetation was 182–189 days. The optimal period for the growth of the ground mass of plants fell on July-August. During this period, the leaves were quickly formed, the number of which was 28.8 ± 6.68 on the shoot. The correlation between the rate of accumulation of effective temperatures and the rate of regrowth of plant shoots was recorded.

scholarly journals Ultrasculptures of seeds of representatives of a genus Isodon (Schrad ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae lindl.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
S. Kovtun-Vodyanitska
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
And Function ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The studied was ultrasculpture of seed surface of 2 representatives of the genus Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach from the family LamiaceaeLindl.– I. japonicus (Burman) H. Hara and I. japonicus (N. Z. Burm) Hara var. glaucocalyx (Maxim.) H. W. Li, introduced in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Right-bank Forest-steppe). Representatives of the genus are common in the Asian region with the greatest species diversity in China; 2 species are found in the tropical regions of Africa. Screening of literary foreign sources showed that microscopic studies of the seeds of the species and variate did not occur, at least we did not find any information on this issue. This prompted us to investigate the macro- and micromorphology of the seeds. SEM was used in the work. Methodically guided by the well-known work of W. Barthlott. The descriptive part is documented photographically. As a result of the experiment, features in morphology and structure, common and distinctive features of seeds, morphological descriptions of their shape, color, primary and secondary sculpture of spermoderm are revealed. It has been established different types of external relief for species and the variete: for I. japonicus, a characteristic densely hilly relief, and for I. japonicus var. glaucocalyx– irregularly-mesh.Also revealed differences in the structure of the outer periclinal and anticlinal walls. The outer periclinal walls of the species are convex, anticlinal concave, and in the variate– concave and protruding respectively. The spermoderm of the seeds I. japonicus var. glaucocalyx is characterize by the presence of various types of papillomas in the apical region and stomatal cells, the significance and function of which still need to be further investigated. Differences in the microrelief of the seeds can be used as auxiliary diagnostic features at the species taxonomic level for plants of the genus Isodon, obtained under conditions of introduction from the seeds of the Index Seminum system.

scholarly journals Morphobiological characteristics of pink-crowned Narcissus from the collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
L. V. Zavadskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Morphobiological Characteristics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Phenological Phases ◽  
Selection Work

Data on a genus of the Daffodils have been given in the article. The areas of species have been designated. Dates of selection work for the Daffodils have been determined. Countries and number of plant breeders of the Daffodils have been presented. The first cultivar of the Daffodil with pink crown has been specified, too.Group accessory for the 55 Daffodils from the collection of the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus has been defined. The age and authorship of the studied cultivars have been established. Assessment of their biological features in the conditions of the Central area of Belarus has been carried out. Periods and duration of some phenological phases have been established. Height of plants and sizes of flowers have been estimated. Periods of the Daffodils with a pink crown blossoming have been established. The abundance of blossoming depends on cultivar’s features and duration of their cultivation without grafting. The flowers of Daffodils with a pink crown have been measured from 6.5 to 11.5 cm. For the long-cupped Daffodils sizes and forms of crowns are various. The multiplication factor during the three years cultivation fluctuates from 5 to 16 units. Grades are rather steady in local conditions against diseases and pests.From studied cultivars the 13 best ones have been recommended for cultivation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Monoterpene Components in Wild Rose Petals Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Koval Inna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Rose Petals ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Active Substances

The content, component composition, and main directions of the use of monoterpenes of wild rose petals compounds are considered in the research. The study on six wild rose species was carried out in the collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Volatile organic compounds were isolated by steam distillation, and their determination was performed by means of gas chromatography. R. rugosa petals contained the highest number of monoterpenoids, while R. canina petals – the lowest. In our research twentyone different (acyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic) monoterpenoids were identified, including alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and ketones. All groups of monoterpenoids are biologically active substances and have a significant effect on the aroma of the studied plants.

Root Morphology and Secretion of two subtropical tree species to NH4+-N and NO3–-N Deposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Zhichun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Tap Root

Abstract Background: Both NH4+ and NO3– are capable of greatly influencing plants’ growth and biomass. However, the belowground responses of subtropical trees to either NH4+ or NO3– deposition remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss how these two forms of N deposition can affect root development, and experimentally analyzed how they could impact nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in two types (broadleaved with a fibrous root system vs. conifer with a tap root system) of subtropical tree species. Results: In a greenhouse in southern China, 1-year-old S. superba and P. massoniana seedlings grown on P-limited and P-normal soil were treated with NaNO3 and NH4Cl solutions of 0, 80, and 200 kg N ha–1 year–1, corresponding to the control, N80, and N200 groups, respectively. Root phenotype characteristics and metabolism ability were measured after 8 months of growth. The results showed that the root morphology and physiology variables differed significantly between the two species under different N and P treatments. Although S. superba had a larger quantity of roots than P. massoniana, both its root growth rate and root absorption were respectively lower and weaker. N addition differentially affected root growth and activity as follows: (1) NO3–-N80 and NH4+-N80 increased root growth and activity of the two species, but NH4+-N80 led to thicker roots in S. superba; (2) NO3–-N200 and NH4+-N200 had inhibitory effects on the roots of P. massoniana, for which NH4+-N200 led to thinner and longer roots and even the death of some roots; and (3) NH4+-N could promote metabolic activity in thicker roots (> 1.5 mm) and the NO3–-N was found to stimulate activity in thinner roots (0.5–1.5 mm) in the fibrous root system having a larger quantity of roots, namely S. superba. By contrast, NO3–-N and NH4+-N had an opposite influence upon functioning in the tap root system with a slender root, namely P. massoniana. Conclusion: We conclude P. massoniana has a much higher root absorption efficiency; however, nitrogen deposition is more beneficial to the root growth of S. superba.

Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4550 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI M. KOROVCHINSKY
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Volga River ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 are described morphologically in detail with consideration of the previous data on their allozyme analysis and brief morphological examination. In total, three hybrid forms have been encountered, among which B. brevimanus x B. cederströmii appear to be most common and widespread whereas two others, one of which is new to science, are known from single localities. The high morphological variability of the former hybrid form is analyzed and its diagnostic features, distinguishing their representatives from those of parental species are determined. Within their vast range, the hybrids B. brevimanus x B. cederströmii seem to be one of the most common and numerous members of the genus. For instance, they dominate in all reservoirs of the Volga River where their biology was investigated in some detail. The hybrids are distributed widely being known from Sweden, Finland, and north-west of European Russia to Central Yakutia in Eastern Siberia. The southern borders of their range extend to the south of Eastern Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan. Further more detailed investigations of hybrids, both genetic and morphological, are highly desirable. 

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