Changes in consortial links of aphyllophoroid fungi and Quercus robur L. in the recreational forests of the green zone of city

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Lavrov ◽  
O. I. Blinkova ◽  
O. M. Ivanenko ◽  
Z. V. Polyschuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi ◽  
Projective Coverage ◽  
Green Zone ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Experimental Plots

Recreational degradation of forest ecosystems of the green zone of the town Uman was described on the example of the forest array «Belogrudivska Dacha». The vitality and health conditions of Quercus robur L. and species, systematic, trophic, spatial compositions of xylotrophic fungi were investigated. Changes in the compositions of xylotrophic fungi and Q. robur were indicated an intensification of degradation processes in fresh maple oak. However, the entwinement between the development and distribution of xylotrophic fungi with the degree of damage and drying of trees, the intensity of recreational load did not found. This effect was indirect. The consorts links of Q. robur and xylotrophic fungi essentially depend on the amount of available substrate and evaporation from the soil surface, density of canopy, the projective coverage of herb stratum, in general, the forestry and mensurational characteristics of the stands.  These components determine the development of forest ecosystems, the formation of myco-horizons of trees, the rate of accumulation of wood of various categories of substrates, which favorable for the settlement and development of xylotrophic fungi, certain levels of organization of consorts. The deterioration of the conditions of growth and development of Q. robur in fresh maple oak, drying and degradation of canopy cause changes in the composition of the consorts of these trees and xylotrophic fungi due to violation of the conditions of the forest environment, changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the substrates, their distribution in time and space. Recreational impact was essentially neutralized due to the complex composition and large buffer capacity of the forest ecosystem, a large number of mechanisms for its sustainability, and the ability to quickly restore degraded elements and links of the forest. Highly productive young and medieval medium-attractive woodlands of Q. robur of recreational forests of the woodland part of the green zone of city Uman, affected a moderate and medium recreational impact. The territory of the tract has the first (75 %) and second (25 %) stage of recreational degradation. This was primarily due to the close location of the city, suburban villages, main transport networks and the availability of forest for the population. Species diversity of investigated fungi in all experimental plots acquired rather high values. Such indicators testified to the stability of xylomycocenosis to the existing recreational impact, unlike other, more vulnerable structural and functional components of the forest ecosystem: herb stratum, underbrush, undergrowth, soil surface. At all studied experimental plots of the tract, the best development of xylomycobiota was in the trees of the highest Kraft classes. According to the state categories in the investigated plots, weakened and strongly weakened trees were prevailed, in which the maximum number of species and findings of fungi was detected. The findings of xylotrophic fungi on the recently dead stands was minimal. The analysis of the vegetation under ombraregime has shown that subaridophytes and subomorophytes were predominated. In the medium- and low-transformed experimental plots, the magnitude of the ecological amplitude under ombraregime is slightly higher than that of the highly transformated experimental plot. This indicates a greater evaporation from the surface of the soil with an increase in the degree of recreational transformation. A significant change in the forest environment and substratum fund due to the intense degradation of the ecosystem may limit the development and spread of xylotrophic fungi.

scholarly journals Modern methodical approaches to evaluation of the state of park forest ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
N. V. Miroshnyk ◽  
O. V. Tertychna ◽  
I. K. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Large City ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Functional Components

Aim. The aim of the research is to improve the methodological bases of the integrated the assessment of park forest ecosystems under the conditions of anthropogenic loading and to determine the direction of processes occurring in them. Methods. The methodology is based on the methods of systematic, comparative analysis, statistics, analytical, mathematical and subsequent mapping of actual and stock materials related to the formation and development of park ecosystems within a large city. Results and conclusions. At an integrated assessment of the state of park forest ecosystems, it is proposed to apply systemic, structural approaches involving the inclusion of three vectors of organization of complex systems (structural-functional, organization of levels in the live, differentiation by ecological niches). The application of criteria of parks structural organization on the basis of the modified index of structural diversity of forest ecosystem is proposed. Keywords: park forest ecosystem, structural and functional components.

Wald und Klimawandel in der inneralpinen Trockenregion Visp

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Ché Elkin ◽  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Britta Eilmann ◽  
Arnaud Giuggiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Forest and climate change in the inner-Alpine dry region of Visp Over the past decades, observed increases in temperature have been particularly pronounced in mountain regions. If this trend should continue in the 21st Century, frequency and intensity of droughts will increase, and will pose major challenges for forest management. Under current conditions drought-related tree mortality is already an important factor of forest ecosystems in dry inner-Alpine valleys. Here we assess the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to climate change and evaluate alternative forest management strategies in the Visp region. We integrate data from forest monitoring plots, field experiments and dynamic forests models to evaluate how the forest ecosystem services timber production, protection against natural hazards, carbon storage and biodiver-sity will be impacted. Our results suggest that at dry low elevation sites the drought tolerance of native tree species will be exceeded so that in the longer term a transition to more drought-adapted species should be considered. At medium elevations, drought and insect disturbances as by bark beetles are projected to be important for forest development, while at high elevations forests are projected to expand and grow better. All of the ecosystem services that we considered are projected to be impacted by changing forest conditions, with the specific impacts often being elevation-dependent. In the medium term, forest management that aims to increase the resilience of forests to drought can help maintain forest ecosystem services temporarily. However, our results suggest that relatively rigid management interventions are required to achieve significant effects. By using a combination of environmental monitoring, field experiments and modeling, we are able to gain insight into how forest ecosystem, and the services they provide, will respond to future changes.

scholarly journals Geospatial technology perspectives for mining vis-a-vis sustainable forest ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Goparaju ◽  
P. Rama Chandra Prasad ◽  
Firoz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Forests, the backbone of biogeochemical cycles and life supporting systems, are under severe pressure due to varied anthropogenic activities. Mining activities are one among the major reasons for forest destruction questioning the survivability and sustainability of flora and fauna existing in that area. Thus, monitoring and managing the impact of mining activities on natural resources at regular intervals is necessary to check the status of their depleted conditions, and to take up restoration and conservative measurements. Geospatial technology provides means to identify the impact of different mining operations on forest ecosystems and helps in proposing initiatives for safeguarding the forest environment. In this context, the present study highlights the problems related to mining in forest ecosystems and elucidates how geospatial technology can be employed at various stages of mining activities to achieve a sustainable forest ecosystem. The study collates information from various sources and highlights the role of geospatial technology in mining industries and reclamation process.

scholarly journals Communities of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city, Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Blinkova ◽  
Oleksandra Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi

Abstract Selected forestry parameters were investigated in the system of tree vegetation and wood-destroying fungi in parks of the Kyiv city along a gradient of recreational transformation. We investigated vitality, age structure and health conditions of woody plants (Acer platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Carpinus betulus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L., Sambucus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill.), and species, systematic, trophic and spatial compositions of xylotrophic fungi (27 species of xylotrophs representing 22 genera, 16 families, 6 orders of divisions Basidiomycota; class Agaricomycetes). The results showed that the communities of tree vegetation and xylotrophic fungi in parks depend on the degree of recreational transformation of the environment. Vitality, age structure and health conditions of trees altered species composition of xylotrophs.

scholarly journals Modeling of Forest Ecosystem Degradation Due to Anthropogenic Stress: The Case of Rohingya Influx into the Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mohammad Emran Hasan ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Riffat Mahmood ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
The Impact

Overdependence and cumulative anthropogenic stresses have caused world forests to decrease at an unprecedented rate, especially in Southeast Asia. The Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh is not an exception and follows the global deforestation trend. Despite being one of the country’s richest forest ecosystems with multiple wildlife sanctuaries, reserve forests, and influential wildlife habitats, the peninsula is now providing shelter for nearly one million Rohingya refugees. With the global deforestation trend coupled with excessive anthropogenic stresses from the Rohingya population, the forests in the peninsula are continuously deteriorating in terms of quality and integrity. In response to deforestation, the government invested in conservation efforts through afforestation and restoration programs, although the peninsula faced a refugee crisis in August 2017. The impact of this sudden increase in population on the forest ecosystem is large and has raised questions and contradictions between the government’s conservation efforts and the humanitarian response. Relocation of the refugees seems to be a lengthy process and the forest ecosystem integrity needs to be preserved; therefore, the degree of stresses, level of impacts, and pattern of deforestation are crucial information for forest conservation and protection strategies. However, there are a lack of quantitative analyses on how the forest ecosystem is deteriorating and what future results would be in both space and time. In this study, the impact of the sudden humanitarian crisis (i.e., Rohingya refugees) as anthropogenic stress in Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf peninsula has been spatiotemporally modeled and assessed using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and other collateral data. Using the density and accessibility of the Rohingya population along with the land cover and other physiographic data, a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique was applied through the Markov cellular automata technique to model the forest vegetation status. The impact of deforestation differs in cost due to variability of the forest vegetation covers. The study, therefore, developed and adopted three indices for assessment of the forest ecosystem based on the variability and weight of the forest cover loss. The spatial severity of impact (SSI) index revealed that out of 5415 ha of total degraded forest lands, 650 ha area would have the highest cost from 2017 to 2027. In the case of the ecosystem integrity (EI) index, a rapid decline in ecosystem integrity in the peninsula was observed as the integrity value fell to 1190 ha (2019) from 1340 ha (2017). The integrity is expected to further decline to 740 ha by 2027, if the stress persists in a similar fashion. Finally, the findings of ecosystem integrity depletion (EID) elucidated areas of 540 and 544 hectares that had a severe EID score of (−5) between 2017 and 2019 and 2017 and 2027, respectively. The displacement and refugee crisis is a recurrent world event that, in many cases, compromises the integrity and quality of natural space. Therefore, the findings of this study are expected to have significant global and regional implications to help managers and policymakers of forest ecosystems make decisions that have minimal or no impact to facilitate humanitarian response.

scholarly journals AEROSPACE MONITORING OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF VRACHANSKI BALKAN NATURE PARK

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Adlin Dancheva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Nature Park

In this paper the application of Remote Sensing and GIS as a means of performing aero – space monitoring of forest ecosystems dynamics is being considered. The purpose of this work is to create a model for monitoring the dynamic of forest ecosystems, based on Remote Sensing and GIS. The results of eco-monitoring can be used to update plans and policies for forest ecosystem management. The territory of Vrachanski Balkan Nature park was chosen as the subject of research as there is a certain anthropogenic pressure there. The results presented are obtained by spatial-time analysis of certain aerospace data indices. To carry out the study optical satellite images were used, on the basics of which three indices were calculated: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Greenness Index (NDGI). A comparative analysis has been created and results of the degree of correlation between the different indices are presented, as well as indicators from the different test areas and related changes in the individual points in time. The results of the survey aim to assess the dynamics and condition of the forest vegetation on the territory of Vrachanski Balkan Nature park and can be utilised in activities related to monitoring, mapping and forest management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Awareness in the Kakamega-Nandi Forest Complex in the Western Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Wabusya Moses Wetiba ◽  
Mugatsia Tsingalia ◽  
Njira Njira Pili ◽  
Vincent Kakembo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Complex

Aims: This study assessed the level of climate change awareness among the forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex. Four locations were chosen for the study, Buyangu and Isecheno in the Kakamega forest, Kaptumo in Nandi South and Kipsamoite in Nandi North forest ecosystems. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from primary sources. Structured questionnaires were administered to the residents aged 25years and older within the study area. Place and Duration of Study: The Kakamega, north and south Nandi forest ecosystems in western Kenya between June -December 2019. Methodology: A total of 280 questionnaires were randomly administered to the forest-adjacent respondents with, Kakamega forest 163 respondents, South Nandi forest 60, while North Nandi had 57respondents. A total of 217 questionnaires were filled and returned and the information wherein used in data analysis. Focused Group Discussion and key informants were used to supplement data collects by the questionnaires. Results: Majority of the residents (54%) were less concerned about climate change. In addition, 85% of the respondents had very little knowledge on coping and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change. Some 40 % and 45% of the respondents got information about climate through televisions and radios, respectively. Further analysis of the results revealed that climate change was responsible for fourteen key impacts. These included an increase in rainfall, prolonged drought, decrease in the quality and quantity of fresh water, decrease in food security, an increase in temperature, a decrease in agricultural resources, an increase in sickness and disease, a decrease in quality of life, flooding, decrease in forest cover, loss of homes, reduction in biodiversity, and rise in storm surge. A Chi test revealed a significant relationship between forest cover decline and changes in rainfall patterns (X2 = 111.86, df =12, p<0.001), increasing temperature (X2 = 80.492, df =12, p<0.001);, drought( (X2 = 204.84, df =16, p<0.001) and storm surges (X2 = 74.34, df =8, p<0.001)]. The respondents' level of education was significantly different from their level of climate change awareness (X2=44.88, df=4, p<0.001). Conclusion: Forest-adjacent communities in the Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem complex are vulnerable to climate change as a result of insufficient knowledge about climate change and its impacts. The Kakamega-Nandi forest ecosystem is already experiencing climate change effects such as erratic rainfall and increasing food insecurity.

Effect of forest management on the formation and stability of phytolith and PhytOC in forest ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xu ◽  
Yongjun Shi ◽  
Wanjie Lv ◽  
Zhengwen Niu ◽  
Ning Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Global Carbon

&lt;p&gt;Forest ecosystem has a high carbon sequestration capacity and plays a crucial role in maintaining global carbon balance and climate change. Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC), a promising long-term biogeochemical carbon sequestration mechanism, has attracted more attentions in the global carbon cycle and the regulation of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Therefore, it is of practical significance to investigate the PhytOC accumulation in forest ecosystems. Previous studies have mostly focused on the estimation of the content and storage of PhytOC, while there were still few studies on how the management practices affect the PhytOC content. Here, this study focused on the effects of four management practices (compound fertilization, silicon fertilization, cut and control) on the increase of phytolith and PhytOC in Moso bamboo forests. We found that silicon fertilization had a greater potential to significantly promote the capacity of carbon sequestration in Moso bamboo forests. this finding positively corresponds recent studies that the application of silicon fertilizers (e.g., biochar) increase the Si uptake&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to promote phytolith accumulation and its PhytOC sequestration in the plant-soil system&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Of course, the above-mentioned document&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; also had their own shortcomings, i.e., the experimental research time was not long, lacking long-term follow-up trial and the bamboo forest parts were also limited, so that the test results lack certain reliability. We have set up a long-term experiment plot to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on the formation and stability of phytolith and PhytOC in Moso bamboo forests. But anyway, different forest management practices, especially the application of high-efficiency silicon-rich fertilizers&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, may be an effective way to increase the phytolith and PhytOC storage in forest ecosystems, and thereby improve the long-term CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems. Research in this study provides a good &quot;forest plan&quot; to achieve their national voluntary emission reduction commitments and achieves carbon neutrality goals for all over the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Refences:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Li et al., 2019. Plant and soil, 438(1-2), pp.187-203.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Huang et al., 2020, Science of The Total Environment, 715, p.136846.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Post-disturbance recovery of forest cover and tree height differ with management in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2837-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Senf ◽  
Jörg Müller ◽  
Rupert Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Stand Height ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Disturbance Recovery

Abstract Context Recovery from disturbances is a prominent measure of forest ecosystem resilience, with swift recovery indicating resilient systems. The forest ecosystems of Central Europe have recently been affected by unprecedented levels of natural disturbance, yet our understanding of their ability to recover from disturbances is still limited. Objectives We here integrated satellite and airborne Lidar data to (i) quantify multi-decadal post-disturbance recovery of two indicators of forest structure, and (ii) compare the recovery trajectories of forest structure among managed and un-managed forests. Methods We developed satellite-based models predicting Lidar-derived estimates of tree cover and stand height at 30 m grain across a 3100 km2 landscape in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem (Central Europe). We summarized the percentage of disturbed area that recovered to > 40% tree cover and > 5 m stand height and quantified the variability in both indicators over a 30-year period. The analyses were stratified by three management regimes (managed, protected, strictly protected) and two forest types (beech-dominated, spruce-dominated). Results We found that on average 84% of the disturbed area met our recovery threshold 30 years post-disturbance. The rate of recovery was slower in un-managed compared to managed forests. Variability in tree cover was more persistent over time in un-managed forests, while managed forests strongly converged after a few decades post-disturbance. Conclusion We conclude that current management facilitates the recovery of forest structure in Central European forest ecosystems. However, our results underline that forests recovered well from disturbances also in the absence of human intervention. Our analysis highlights the high resilience of Central European forest ecosystems to recent disturbances.

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