Specific features of soil microbial communities under Lavandula angustifolia Mill. introduced plants

In article the results of microbiological studies of Lavandula angustifolia Mill introductive plants soil are presented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrothermal and soil conditions of forest steppe zone on the microbial cenosis formation and dynamics of taxonomic and ecology-trophic groups of microorganisms. 9–10 years age plants L. angustifolia (Yuzhnoberezhnaja and Record varieties) have been studied during two years on the experimental fields of the National Botanical Garden. Rhizosphere and rows-space soil were taken for experimental researches. Investigations were carried out by conventional microbiology methods – seeding of certain dilutions of soil suspension on selective culture medium. The comparative characteristic of microbial groups was investigated in dynamic according to the lavenders development phases. The decreasing of quantity of soil micromycetes were found during flowering phase in parallel with increasing of their species diversity. It should be noted that compared to control, the lavenders’ rhizosphere differ wider range of micromycetes species that belongs to Trichoderma, Penicillium and, especially, Aspergillus genus. The largest quantity of actinomicetes was observed at the beginning of vegetation. The development of actinomycetes and nitrogen transforming microorganisms depended on soil hydrothermal conditions. We observe decreasing of their quantity during deficiency of soil moisture. The numbers of spore-forming bacteria were significantly increased during the flowering period. Compared to control, the number of cellulozolytic microorganisms increased during intensive vegetation, whereas its highest activity was observed at the end of vegetation. Lavandula angustifolia exametabolites positively influenced to the development of heterotrophic bacteria in the beginning of vegetation, as well as during the flowering, whereas at the end of vegetation we observe the decreasing of its quantity. In opposite, the number of oligonitrophylus microorganisms decreased during the active vegetation, especially during dry period. The correlation between organic nitrogen and non-organic nitrogen consumption microorganisms define process of humus formation. We observed that the processes of organic matter development were fairly balanced. The accumulation of soil organic matter dominated during active vegetation, whereas activation of mineralization processes occurred at the end of vegetation period. Microorganisms’ content was higher in rows-spacing of plants, where concentration of exometabolites was lower. The dynamic of microbial cenosis and direction of microbiological processes have been similar in soil of two researched varieties, but the total number of microorganisms was higher in near-root soil of Yuzhnoberezhnaya variety. The Lavandula angustifolia soil microbial cenosis forms under influence of its plants excretions, in particular essential oils, that have a specific effect on the microflora and cause a quantity decrease of basic groups of microorganisms. The concentration of lavender exometabolites decrease in parallel with increasing of soil moisture and accordingly inhibitory effect of essential oil changes on stimulation. The understanding of soil microbial coenosis formation features will promote prognostication of interrelations between microbiota and plants. It will help to create sustainable landscape compositions and rational use them in making healthy ecosystems and other practical aspects.

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Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizers and Soil Moisture Status on Some Biological and Physical Properties of Soil

Polish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.17951/pjss.2021.54.1.41-58 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Ameneh Moridi ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Ali Akbar Moosavi ◽

Abdolmajid Ronaghi

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Stress ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Vermicompost Tea ◽

Soil Moisture Status

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) and soil moisture status on some biological and physical properties of postharvest soil of maize cultivation. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was performed based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of LOFs (control, vermicompost tea, vermiwash, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR] enriched vermicompost tea and PGPR enriched vermiwash) and three levels of soil moisture status (field capacity [FC], 0.8 FC and 0.6 FC). The results showed LOFs caused an increase of soil biological properties (soil microbial respiration, soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity and the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria) and the improvement of soil physical condition. LOFs increased aggregate stability, hydrophobicity and total porosity, while decreased bulk density and soil penetration resistance. Increasing water stress levels reduced soil biological activity and made soil physical properties more unfavorable. In general, LOFs improved soil conditions by enhancing soil physical and biological properties and decreased the negative effects of water stress. In addition, results showed that LOFs enriched with PGPR could be more effective than non-enriched ones.

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Effects of Monoculture, Crop Rotation, and Soil Moisture Content on Selected Soil Physicochemical and Microbial Parameters in Wheat Fields

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2012/593623 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Marais ◽

M. Hardy ◽

M. Booyse ◽

A. Botha

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Soil Microbial

Different plants are known to have different soil microbial communities associated with them. Agricultural management practices such as fertiliser and pesticide addition, crop rotation, and grazing animals can lead to different microbial communities in the associated agricultural soils. Soil dilution plates, most-probable-number (MPN), community level physiological profiling (CLPP), and buried slide technique as well as some measured soil physicochemical parameters were used to determine changes during the growing season in the ecosystem profile in wheat fields subjected to wheat monoculture or wheat in annual rotation with medic/clover pasture. Statistical analyses showed that soil moisture had an over-riding effect on seasonal fluctuations in soil physicochemical and microbial populations. While within season soil microbial activity could be differentiated between wheat fields under rotational and monoculture management, these differences were not significant.

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Impacts of soil moisture level and organic matter content on growth of two Juncus species and Poa pratensis grown under acid soil conditions

Weed Research ◽

10.1111/wre.12387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 490-500

Author(s):

W Kaczmarek‐Derda ◽

M Helgheim ◽

J Netland ◽

H Riley ◽

K Wærnhus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Moisture Level ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Soil Moisture Level

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Increased microbial expression of organic nitrogen cycling genes in long-term warmed grassland soils

ISME Communications ◽

10.1038/s43705-021-00073-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joana Séneca ◽

Andrea Söllinger ◽

Craig W. Herbold ◽

Petra Pjevac ◽

Judith Prommer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Cycling ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Microbial Cell ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Microbial Turnover

AbstractGlobal warming increases soil temperatures and promotes faster growth and turnover of soil microbial communities. As microbial cell walls contain a high proportion of organic nitrogen, a higher turnover rate of microbes should also be reflected in an accelerated organic nitrogen cycling in soil. We used a metatranscriptomics and metagenomics approach to demonstrate that the relative transcription level of genes encoding enzymes involved in the extracellular depolymerization of high-molecular-weight organic nitrogen was higher in medium-term (8 years) and long-term (>50 years) warmed soils than in ambient soils. This was mainly driven by increased levels of transcripts coding for enzymes involved in the degradation of microbial cell walls and proteins. Additionally, higher transcription levels for chitin, nucleic acid, and peptidoglycan degrading enzymes were found in long-term warmed soils. We conclude that an acceleration in microbial turnover under warming is coupled to higher investments in N acquisition enzymes, particularly those involved in the breakdown and recycling of microbial residues, in comparison with ambient conditions.

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Visualizing Microbial Community Dynamics via a Controllable Soil Environment

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00645-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arunima Bhattacharjee ◽

Dusan Velickovic ◽

Thomas W. Wietsma ◽

Sheryl L. Bell ◽

Janet K. Jansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Soil Core ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Functional Relationships ◽

Microbial Community Dynamics

ABSTRACT Understanding the basic biology that underpins soil microbiome interactions is required to predict the metaphenomic response to environmental shifts. A significant knowledge gap remains in how such changes affect microbial community dynamics and their metabolic landscape at microbially relevant spatial scales. Using a custom-built SoilBox system, here we demonstrated changes in microbial community growth and composition in different soil environments (14%, 24%, and 34% soil moisture), contingent upon access to reservoirs of nutrient sources. The SoilBox emulates the probing depth of a common soil core and enables determination of both the spatial organization of the microbial communities and their metabolites, as shown by confocal microscopy in combination with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Using chitin as a nutrient source, we used the SoilBox system to observe increased adhesion of microbial biomass on chitin islands resulting in degradation of chitin into N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and chitobiose. With matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MSI, we also observed several phospholipid families that are functional biomarkers for microbial growth on the chitin islands. Fungal hyphal networks bridging different chitin islands over distances of 27 mm were observed only in the 14% soil moisture regime, indicating that such bridges may act as nutrient highways under drought conditions. In total, these results illustrate a system that can provide unprecedented spatial information about interactions within soil microbial communities as a function of changing environments. We anticipate that this platform will be invaluable in spatially probing specific intra- and interkingdom functional relationships of microbiomes within soil. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are key components of the soil ecosystem. Recent advances in metagenomics and other omics capabilities have expanded our ability to characterize the composition and function of the soil microbiome. However, characterizing the spatial metabolic and morphological diversity of microbial communities remains a challenge due to the dynamic and complex nature of soil microenvironments. The SoilBox system, demonstrated in this work, simulates an ∼12-cm soil depth, similar to a typical soil core, and provides a platform that facilitates imaging the molecular and topographical landscape of soil microbial communities as a function of environmental gradients. Moreover, the nondestructive harvesting of soil microbial communities for the imaging experiments can enable simultaneous multiomics analysis throughout the depth of the SoilBox. Our results show that by correlating molecular and optical imaging data obtained using the SoilBox platform, deeper insights into the nature of specific soil microbial interactions can be achieved.

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Soil Management by Cover Crops in Vineyards for Climate Change Adaptation

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019030026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Marqués ◽

Bienes ◽

Ruiz-Colmenero

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Grass Cover ◽

Rainfall Events

The wine captures grapes variety nature and vinification techniques, but other aspects of soil, climate and terrain are equally important for the terroir expression as a whole. Soil supplies moisture, nitrogen, and minerals. Particularly nitrogen obtained through mineralization of soil organic matter and water uptake are crucial for grape yield, berry sugar, anthocyanin and tannin concentration, hence grape quality and vineyard profitability. Different climatic conditions, which are predicted for the future, can significantly modify this relationship between vines and soils. New climatic conditions under global warming predict higher temperatures, erratic and extreme rainfall events, and drought spells. These circumstances are particularly worrisome for typical thin soils of the Mediterranean environment. This study reports the effect of permanent grass cover in vineyards to maintain or increase soil organic matter and soil moisture. The influence of natural and simulated rainfalls on soils was studied. A comparison between minimum tillage (MT) and permanent grass cover crop (GC) of the temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon was done. Water infiltration, water holding capacity, organic carbon sequestration and protection from extreme events, were considered in a sloping vineyard located in the south of Madrid, Spain. The MT is the most widely used cultivation method in the area. The tradition supports this management practice to capture and preserve water in soils. It creates small depressions that accumulate water and eventually improves water infiltration. This effect was acknowledged in summer after recent MT cultivation; however, it was only short-lived as surface roughness declined after rainfalls. Especially, intense rainfall events left the surface of bare soil sealed. Consequently, the effects depend on the season of the year. In autumn, a rainy season of the year, MT failed to enhance infiltration. On the contrary, B. distachyon acted as a physical barrier, produced more infiltration (22% increase) and fewer particles detachment, due to increased soil structure stability and soil organic matter (50% increase). The GC efficiently protected soil from high-intensity events (more than 2 mm min-1). Besides, soil moisture at 35 cm depth was enhanced with GC (9% more than tillage). On average, soil moisture in GC was not significantly different from MT. These effects of GC on soil conditions created local micro-environmental conditions that can be considered advantageous as a climate change adaptation strategy, because they improved water balance, maintained a sustainable level of soil organic matter, therefore organic nitrogen, all these factors crucial for improving wine quality.

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Soil Microbial Community Structure and Physicochemical Properties in Amomum tsaoko-based Agroforestry Systems in the Gaoligong Mountains, Southwest China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11020546 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 546 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Guizhou Liu ◽

Man Jin ◽

Chuantao Cai ◽

Chaonan Ma ◽

Zhongsuzhi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Native Forest ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

The Impact

Amomum tsaoko is cultivated in forests of tropical and subtropical regions of China, and the planting area is expanding gradually. However, little attention has been paid to the impact of A. tsaoko cultivation on the soil characteristics of the regions. We analyzed the effects of the A. tsaoko-forest agroforestry system (AFs) on the composition of soil microbial communities with increasing stand ages. We also compared the soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition between native forest (NF) and AFs. The results showed that the level of total carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter dramatically dropped in AFs with increasing stand ages. pH affected other soil properties and showed close correlation to total carbon (P = 0.0057), total nitrogen (P = 0.0146), organic matter (P = 0.0075), hydrolyzable nitrogen (P = 0.0085), available phosphorus (P < 0.0001), and available potassium (P = 0.0031). PLFAs of bacteria (F = 4.650, P = 0.037), gram-positive bacteria (F = 6.640, P = 0.015), anaerobe (F = 5.672, P = 0.022), and total PLFA (F = 4.349, P = 0.043) were significantly affected by different treatments, with the greatest value for NF treatment, and least value for AF5. However, the microbial biomass declined during the initial 5 years of cultivation, but it reached the previous level after more than 10 years of cultivation. Our research suggests that AFs is a profitable land-use practice in the Gaoligong Mountains and that AFs showed a recovering trend of the soil nutrient condition with increasing stand ages. However, the severe loss of nitrogen in the soil of AFs requires additional nitrogen during cultivation to restore it to pre-cultivation levels.

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STUDIES ON GLYCINE-PERCOLATED SOIL: I. CORRELATION BETWEEN GLYCINE OXIDATION AND BACTERIAL POPULATION

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o65-115 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 1017-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. Furusaka ◽

K. Sato

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Soil Processes ◽

Population Number ◽

Soil Percolation ◽

Number Of Bacteria

It is of interest to determine how the soil percolation technique may be of use for the elucidation of soil processes from the microbiological viewpoint as well as from the biochemical one. An attempt has been made to correlate the growth of heterotrophic bacteria with their chemical activities when soil is percolated with glycine solution. A very close correlation has been observed between the population number of bacteria and their glycine–oxidizing activity. The physiological status of the population has been investigated. The metabolism of soil organic matter is also induced by the glycine percolation. The soil conditions under which the bacterial population can be considered in connection with their activities are discussed.

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How drought modulates carbon-use efficiency and soil carbon formation in rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soils

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13148 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Noah Sokol ◽

Steve Blazewicz ◽

Megan Foley ◽

Alex Greenlon ◽

Jennifer Pett-Ridge

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Carbon Pools ◽

Carbon Formation ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Carbon Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Soil Carbon Formation

Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is theorized to be positively associated with the formation of microbially-derived, mineral-associated soil carbon.&#160; Yet few empirical studies have directly tested this relationship. Moreover, it is unclear: (1) how differences between distinct soil microbial communities (for example, differences in competitive interactions and/or growth rate among rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soil communities) may yield different relationships between carbon-use efficiency and soil carbon formation, and (2) how microbial ecophysiology &#8211; such as physiological changes induced by drought &#8211; may modulate the strength and/or direction of the CUE-soil carbon relationship.To investigate these questions, we conducted a 12-week 13C tracer study to track the movement of two dominant sources of plant carbon &#8211;&#160;rhizodeposition and root detritus &#8211; into soil microbial communities and carbon pools under normal moisture vs drought conditions. Using a continuous 13CO2-labeling system, we grew the Mediterranean annual grass Avena barbata in controlled growth chambers and measured the formation of organic matter from 13C-enriched rhizodeposition. As the plants grew, we harvested rhizosphere and bulk soil at three time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks) to capture changes in soil carbon pools and microbial community dynamics. In parallel microcosms, we tracked the formation of soil carbon derived from 13C-enriched A. barbata root detritus during 12 weeks of decomposition; harvesting detritusphere and bulk soil at 4,8, and 12 weeks. In all microcosms, we manipulated soil moisture to generate drought (7.8 &#177; 2.1 % soil moisture) and &#8216;normal moisture&#8217; (15.1 &#177; 4.2 % soil moisture) treatments.In all samples (over 150 observations), we measured CUE via the 18O-H2O method, and quantified the formation of different 13C-soil organic carbon pools via density fractionation. Here we will present data on how soil moisture influences CUE in rhizosphere, detritusphere, and bulk soil communities, and whether differences in CUE are correlated with the formation of mineral-associated soil organic carbon. These results will help to illustrate whether CUE acts as a lynchpin variable with predictive power for stable soil carbon formation, or whether other microbial traits may require consideration.&#160;&#160;

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