scholarly journals Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizers and Soil Moisture Status on Some Biological and Physical Properties of Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ameneh Moridi ◽  
Mehdi Zarei ◽  
Ali Akbar Moosavi ◽  
Abdolmajid Ronaghi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Vermicompost Tea ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of liquid organic fertilizers (LOFs) and soil moisture status on some biological and physical properties of postharvest soil of maize cultivation. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was performed based on the completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of LOFs (control, vermicompost tea, vermiwash, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [PGPR] enriched vermicompost tea and PGPR enriched vermiwash) and three levels of soil moisture status (field capacity [FC], 0.8 FC and 0.6 FC). The results showed LOFs caused an increase of soil biological properties (soil microbial respiration, soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity and the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria) and the improvement of soil physical condition. LOFs increased aggregate stability, hydrophobicity and total porosity, while decreased bulk density and soil penetration resistance. Increasing water stress levels reduced soil biological activity and made soil physical properties more unfavorable. In general, LOFs improved soil conditions by enhancing soil physical and biological properties and decreased the negative effects of water stress. In addition, results showed that LOFs enriched with PGPR could be more effective than non-enriched ones.</p>

scholarly journals Specific features of soil microbial communities under Lavandula angustifolia Mill. introduced plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
O. P. Yunosheva ◽  
N. E. Ellanska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Soil Microbial

In article the results of microbiological studies of Lavandula angustifolia Mill introductive plants soil are presented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrothermal and soil conditions of forest steppe zone on the microbial cenosis formation and dynamics of taxonomic and ecology-trophic groups of microorganisms. 9–10 years age plants L. angustifolia (Yuzhnoberezhnaja and Record varieties) have been studied during two years on the experimental fields of the National Botanical Garden. Rhizosphere and rows-space soil were taken for experimental researches. Investigations were carried out by conventional microbiology methods – seeding of certain dilutions of soil suspension on selective culture medium. The comparative characteristic of microbial groups was investigated in dynamic according to the lavenders development phases. The decreasing of quantity of soil micromycetes were found during flowering phase in parallel with increasing of their species diversity. It should be noted that compared to control, the lavenders’ rhizosphere differ wider range of micromycetes species that belongs to Trichoderma, Penicillium and, especially, Aspergillus genus. The largest quantity of actinomicetes was observed at the beginning of vegetation. The development of actinomycetes and nitrogen transforming microorganisms depended on soil hydrothermal conditions. We observe decreasing of their quantity during deficiency of soil moisture. The numbers of spore-forming bacteria were significantly increased during the flowering period. Compared to control, the number of cellulozolytic microorganisms increased during intensive vegetation, whereas its highest activity was observed at the end of vegetation. Lavandula angustifolia exametabolites positively influenced to the development of heterotrophic bacteria in the beginning of vegetation, as well as during the flowering, whereas at the end of vegetation we observe the decreasing of its quantity. In opposite, the number of oligonitrophylus microorganisms decreased during the active vegetation, especially during dry period. The correlation between organic nitrogen and non-organic nitrogen consumption microorganisms define process of humus formation. We observed that the processes of organic matter development were fairly balanced. The accumulation of soil organic matter dominated during active vegetation, whereas activation of mineralization processes occurred at the end of vegetation period. Microorganisms’ content was higher in rows-spacing of plants, where concentration of exometabolites was lower. The dynamic of microbial cenosis and direction of microbiological processes have been similar in soil of two researched varieties, but the total number of microorganisms was higher in near-root soil of Yuzhnoberezhnaya variety. The Lavandula angustifolia soil microbial cenosis forms under influence of its plants excretions, in particular essential oils, that have a specific effect on the microflora and cause a quantity decrease of basic groups of microorganisms. The concentration of lavender exometabolites decrease in parallel with increasing of soil moisture and accordingly inhibitory effect of essential oil changes on stimulation. The understanding of soil microbial coenosis formation features will promote prognostication of interrelations between microbiota and plants. It will help to create sustainable landscape compositions and rational use them in making healthy ecosystems and other practical aspects.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

Effect of Nano, Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Some Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Productivity in Saline Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Kh. A. Shaban ◽  
M. A. Esmaeil ◽  
A. K. Abdel Fattah ◽  
Kh. A. Faroh
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions

A field experiment was carried out at Khaled Ibn El-waleed village, Sahl El-Hussinia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during two summer seasons 2019 and 2020 to study the effect of NPK nanofertilizers, biofertilizers and humic acid combined with or without mineral fertilizers different at rates on some soil physical properties and soybean productivity and quality under saline soil conditions. The treatments consisted of: NPK-chitosan, NPK-Ca, humic acid, biofertilzer and control (mineral NPK only). In both seasons, the experiment was carried out in a split plot design with three replicates. The results indicated a significant increase in the soybean yield parameters as compared to control. There was also a significant increase in dry and water stable aggregates in all treatments as compared to control. The treatment NPK-Chitosan was the best in improving dry and stable aggregates. Also, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity values were significantly increased in all treatments due to increase in soil aggregation and porosity that led to increase in values of hydraulic conductivity. Values of bulk density were decreased, the lowest values of bulk density were found in NPK-chitosan treatment as a result of the high concentration of organic matter resulted from NPK-chitosan is much lighter in weight than the mineral fraction in soils. Accordingly, the increase in the organic fraction decreases the total weight and bulk density of the soil. Concerning soil moisture constants, all treatments significantly increased field capacity and available water compared to control. This increase was due to improvement of the soil aggregates and pores spaces which allowed the free movement of water within the soil thereby, increasing the moisture content at field capacity.

scholarly journals A conceptual dynamic vegetation-soil model for arid and semiarid zones

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Quevedo ◽  
F. Francés
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Soil Model ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Abstract. Plant ecosystems in arid and semiarid climates show high complexity, since they depend on water availability to carry out their vital processes. In these climates, water stress is the main factor controlling vegetation development and its dynamic evolution. The available water-soil content results from the water balance in the system, where the key issues are the soil, the vegetation and the atmosphere. However, it is the vegetation, which modulates, to a great extent, the water fluxes and the feedback mechanisms between soil and atmosphere. Thus, soil moisture content is most relevant for plant growth maintenance and final water balance assessment. A conceptual dynamic vegetation-soil model (called HORAS) for arid and semi-arid zones has been developed. This conceptual model, based on a series of connected tanks, represents in a way suitable for a Mediterranean climate, the vegetation response to soil moisture fluctuations and the actual leaf biomass influence on soil water availability and evapotranspiration. Two tanks were considered using at each of them the water balance and the appropriate dynamic equation for all considered fluxes. The first one corresponds to the interception process, whereas the second one models the evolution of moisture by the upper soil. The model parameters were based on soil and vegetation properties, but reduced their numbers. Simulations for dominant species, Quercus coccifera L., were carried out to calibrate and validate the model. Our results show that HORAS succeeded in representing the vegetation dynamics and, on the one hand, reflects how following a fire this monoculture stabilizes after 9 years. On the other hand, the model shows the adaptation of the vegetation to the variability of climatic and soil conditions, demonstrating that in the presence or shortage of water, the vegetation regulates its leaf biomass as well as its rate of transpiration in an attempt to minimize total water stress.

scholarly journals Early-Stage Phenotyping of Root Traits Provides Insights into the Drought Tolerance Level of Soybean Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Elana Dayoub ◽  
Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Céline Schoving ◽  
Philippe Debaeke ◽  
Pierre Maury
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root And Shoot Traits

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) may contribute to the agro-ecological transition of cropping systems in Europe, but its productivity is severely affected by summer drought. New drought-avoidance cropping strategies, such as early sowing, require cultivars with high early plant growth under suboptimal conditions. This study aims at phenotyping early-stage root and shoot traits of 10 cultivars commonly grown in Europe. Cultivars were grown in minirhizotrons under two soil moisture status in controlled conditions. Root and shoot traits were evaluated at 10 days after sowing. Field early growth of two cultivars was also analyzed under early and conventional sowing dates. A significant intraspecific variability (p < 0.05) was found for most investigated shoot and root morpho-physiological traits regardless of the soil moisture status under controlled conditions. However, no significant difference among cultivars (p > 0.05) was found in terms of root architectural traits that were mainly affected by water stress. Total root length was positively correlated with shoot length and shoot dry matter (p < 0.05). Under field conditions, the differences between cultivars were expressed by the canopy cover at emergence, which determines the subsequent canopy cover dynamics. The significant early growth difference among cultivars was not related to the maturity group. Cultivars characterized by high root depth and length, high root density and narrow root angle could be considered as good candidates to cope with water stress via better soil exploration. New agronomic strategies mobilizing the diversity of cultivars could thus be tested to improve soybean water use efficiency in response to climate change.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT FISIK TANAH PADA LAHAN BUDIDAYA UBI KAYU (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) DI DESA WOLOGAI TENGAH

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mariana Umin ◽  
Agustinus J.P. Anasaga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Characteristics of soil physical properties are the diversity of soil conditions based on structure, texture, soil color, and soil moisture content. Features of the physical properties of the soil influenced by several factors, including poor land management, which results in a decrease in fertility levels that includes physical, chemical, and biological soil characteristics.The method used in this study is the sample cluster method. Consists of a small group of units and then randomly selected as a representative of the population, all elements in the chosen cluster used as research samples. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of soil texture, soil structure, soil color, and soil moisture content in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Wologai Tengah Village.The results showed that the texture of the soil in cassava soil dominated by clay texture. The structure of the angular lumpy ground, soil color 10 YR 2/1 Black, and 10 YR 2/2 Very Dark Brown and had a soil moisture content of 37.4%. This soil type is an ideal soil type or classified as fertile to cultivate cassava plants.

scholarly journals SWCTI: Surface Water Content Temperature Index for Assessment of Surface Soil Moisture Status

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Hong ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Changhui Yu ◽  
Dongying Zhang ◽  
Linyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

The vegetation supply water index (VSWI = NDVI/LST) is an effective metric estimating soil moisture in areas with moderate to dense vegetation cover. However, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) exhibits a long water stress lag and the land surface temperature (LST), sensitive to water stress, does not contribute considerably to surface soil moisture monitoring due to the constraints of the mathematical characteristics of VSWI: LST influences VSWI less when LST value is sufficiently high. This paper mathematically analyzes the characteristics of VSWI and proposes a new operational dryness index (surface water content temperature index, SWCTI) for the assessment of surface soil moisture status. SWCTI uses the surface water content index (SWCI), which provides a more accurate estimation of surface soil moisture than that of NDVI, as the numerator and the modified surface temperature, which has a greater influence on SWCTI than that of LST, as the denominator. The validation work includes comparison of SWCTI with in situ soil moisture and other remote sensing indices. The results show SWCTI demonstrates the highest correlation with in situ soil moisture; the highest correlation R = 0.801 is found between SWCTI and the 0–5 cm soil moisture in a sandy loam. SWCTI is a functional and effective method that has a great potential in surface soil moisture monitoring.

scholarly journals Effects of Phthalate Esters on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Seedlings and the Soil Microbial Community Structure under Different Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ma ◽  
Linwei Liu ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Like Chen ◽  
Peter Christie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are the most frequently utilized synthetic chemical compounds worldwide. They are typical emergent contaminants and are currently attracting considerable concern due to their risks to plants, animals, and public health. Determining the vital environmental factors that affect the toxicity of target pollutants in soil is important for vegetable production and the maintenance and control of soil productivity. We investigated the influence of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) under different soil conditions on physiological changes in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) seedlings and the rhizosphere soil microbial community. Supported by our former experiments in which we determined the representative concentrations that caused the most pronounced toxic effects, three experimental concentrations were studied including control soils without PAEs and spiked soils with either 20 mg DBP or DEHP kg−1 soil. The soil at all the three PAE concentrations was then adjusted to test two soil pH values, three levels of soil organic matter (SOM) content, and three levels of soil moisture content; thus, we completed 12 treatments or conditions simulating different soil environment conditions in greenhouses. After 30 days of cultivation, we analyzed the toxicity effects of two target PAEs on plant growth and physiological factors, and on soil microbial community characteristics. The toxicity of soil DBP and DEHP to the physiology of water spinach was found to be most affected by the soil pH value, then by SOM content, and least of all by soil moisture. The results of the 454 high-throughput sequencing analysis of the soil microbial community indicated that the toxicity of target PAEs to soil microorganisms was most affected by SOM content and then by soil moisture, and no clear relationship was found with soil pH. Under different soil conditions, declines in leaf biomass, chlorophyll a content, and carotenoid content—as well as increases in free amino acid (FAA) content, superoxide anion free radical activity, and hydroxyl radical activity—occurred in response to DBP or DEHP. Heavy use of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and high humidity led to the special environmental conditions of greenhouse soil, constituting the main conditions considered in this study. The results indicate that under the special highly intensive production systems of greenhouses, soil conditions may directly influence the effects of pollutant phytotoxicity and may thus endanger the yield, nutrient content, and food safety of vegetables. The combined studies of the impacts on plants and rhizosphere microorganisms give a more detailed picture of the toxic effects of the pollutants under different soil conditions.

scholarly journals How different soil moisture levels affect the microbial activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira Denardin ◽  
Lucas Aquino Alves ◽  
Cícero Ortigara ◽  
Bruna Winck ◽  
João Augusto Coblinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT: The lowland soils are characterized by high susceptibility to water saturation. This anaerobic condition is usually reported in paddy fields and alters the decomposition process of soil organic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of a lowland soil at different soil moisture contents. A poorly drained Albaqualf cultivated with irrigated rice was used to evaluate microbial and enzymatic activity in treatments with different levels of soil moisture, being: i) 60% of field capacity (FC) (60%FC); ii) 100% of FC (100%FC); iii) flooded soil with a 2 cm water layer above soil surface, and iv) soil kept at 60%FC with late flood after 29 days the incubation. The greater soil microbial activity was observed in the 100%FC treatment, being 41% greater than 60%FC treatment and only 2% higher than flooded treatment. The enzymatic activity data by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis corroborated the higher CO2 release in treatments with higher soil moisture content. Differently from the results reported, the main methodologies to evaluate microbial activity still recommend maintenance of the soil with a moisture content close to 60% of the FC. However, in lowland soil with history of frequent paddy fields, the maintenance of moisture close to 60% of the FC can limit the microbial activity. The soil respiration technique can be used to evaluate the microbial activity in flooded soil conditions. However, further studies should be conducted to understand the effect of the cultivation history on the microbial community of these environments.

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