scholarly journals Short-term isolation of the bunchgrass steppes of the Southern Kulunda

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-362
Author(s):  
N. V. Elesova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Conservation Method

The article considers the results of the experiment to improve the condition of the degraded bunchgrass steppes of the Southern Kulunda at different stages of pasture degradation by the conservation method (2013-2018). The change in the species composition, structure of the grass stand, supply of aboveground phytomass and its components as a result of decreasing pasture load is presented.

scholarly journals Pasture degradation of the Southern Kulunda steppes (Altai Krai)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
N. V. Elesova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Grassland Degradation ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand

The article considers the results of the study of degraded bunchgrass steppes state in the Southern Kulunda area (2013-2018). It points out stages of the grassland degradation and estimates changes in the following: species composition, vertical and horizontal grass stand structure, supply of the aboveground phytomass as a result of pasture load growth.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of canopy and surface fire on centipede (Chilopoda) communities in a semi natural Mediterranean forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Trucchi ◽  
Monica Pitzalis ◽  
Marzio Zapparoli ◽  
Marco Bologna
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Dominance Structure ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Species composition and structure of centipede (Chilopoda) communities were studied in a sub-urban burnt forest on the Mediterranean coast near Roma, Italy. The study was carried out in two sites affected by canopy fire (complete vegetation destruction), one affected by surface fire (persistence of tree canopy), and three unburnt sites. Monthly, quantitative/qualitative samplings were performed in each site from April 2001 to April 2002 by pitfall trapping and one hour active search. Analyses of species composition, dominance structure, diversity and colonization progress were performed. Centipede communities of the sites affected by canopy fire were simply structured, poor in both species richness and diversity; conversely, species composition, structure and diversity of the community affected by surface fire were scarcely modified.

INDICATORS OF PASTURE DEGRADATION OF TERSK-KUMA LOWLAND

1970 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
M. A. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pasture Digression ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The regularity of demonstration of the types of vegetation cover indicators of the Kochubei Biosphere Station, the characteristics of the development of indicator communities, and pasture digression processes in connection with unregulated cattle grazing have been studied. Changes in pasture communities are noted with varying degrees of loss of their floristic and phytocenotic potential and changes in the phytocenoses of digressive pastures. Under the conditions of external influence and as they increase, the ordinary components of the community are transformed into its dominant, that is, indicators. Identified plants - indicators, as well as communities - indicators, indicators of changes in the plant species composition of communities in the course of pasture digression. The presence of indicator species in communities is an important indicator for identifying the level of pasture load on vegetation and the most informative parameter for geobotanical monitoring of pasture vegetation. The geobotanical study showed the heterogeneity of pasture vegetation on the phytocenotic composition, which are in a state of severe disruption. The monitoring studies of pastures of the Kochubei Biosphere Station were conducted, where a complex of environmental factors has a significant impact on the change in the species composition and structure of pastures under various loads. The peculiarities of the development of pasture digression on the light chestnut soils of the study area are traced. Changes occurring in the vegetation cover of pastures under the influence of weak grazing are the disappearance of the large-grain cereals of the Stipa series with the predominance of fine-grained cereals like Festuca sulcáta. With intensive grazing with the disappearance of Festuca sulcáta and the emergence of shrubs Artemisia and others, more competitive species appear, this causes a change of plant communities. On the basis of floristic and cenotic analysis, it can be concluded that the types of indicators reducing their abundance under the influence of grazing are Stipa lessingiana, increasing their abundance under the influence of grazing are Artemisia, Ceratocarpus arenarius and other weeds.

FEATURES OF FODDER PASTURE PLANTS IN TERSKO-KUMSKAYA LOWLAND UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
М. А. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Bromus Hordeaceus ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand

Study of the regularities of changes in the resistance of defferent forage grasses to the main  common stress factors, ecological and biological characteristics of pasture forage grasses, their productivity under the influence of the changing grazing regime and indentification of changes in species composition of the vegetation cover. Geobotanical descriptions of vegetation were carried out according to Ramensky's method. The selection of plant groups according to the degree of pasture degradation was used using the criteria proposed by B.M. Mirkin (1985). Jaccar`s formula was applied on three key areas to determine the ratio of vegetation species composition generality. One of the areas is the least altered, the other two areas are depending on anthropogenic pressure. The vegetation communities of the Kochubey biosphere station are in a state of degradation, there are changes in the structure of phytocenoses, loss and disappearance of forage grasses. Seven main forage grasses from the Poaceae family, 2 species from Chenopodioídeae, and 3 species from Asteraceae that were not adapted to harsh environmental conditions fell out from the grass stand. Only the drought-resistant, dominant species have survived. A total of 45 species were recorded, out of 10 families from 3-10 dominant plants in three plots, depending on the anthropogenic pressure. The most sensitive to external factors are the following plant species: Agropyron desertorum, Bromus squarrosus, Brómus hordeáceus, Poa bulbosa, Eremopyrum orientale, Phleum pratense, Eragrostis minor, Atropis gigantea, Suaeda microphylla, Petrosimonia brachiata, Artemisia salsoloides. In the structure of phytocenoses, semi-shrubs - halo xerophytes with a high productivity of 11.5-11.7 centners / ha prevail. The coefficient of the floristic community of species according to Jaccar for plots 1 and 2 is 14.8% compared to the third plot - 7.1%, which indicates the increased impact of all external environmental factors, mainly anthropogenic pressure. The vegetation communities of the Kochubey biosphere station is in a state of thinning of the grass stand in the places of the greatest anthropogenic pressure with the possible restoration of forage grasses under certain normalized pressure.

PRODUCTIVITY OF THE NATURAL STEPPE PASTURES IN THE HEREFORDS GRAZING AREAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Л.Т. МОНГУШ ◽  
Б.М. ЛУДУ ◽  
Б.К. КАН-ООЛ
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca ◽  
The Republic

Представлены результаты исследования травостоя степных пастбищ на местах выпаса породы герефордов в условиях Республики Тыва. Выявлен видовой состав трех растительных сообществ, определены продуктивность их надземной фитомассы, распределение растений по экологическим группам, и проанализирован спектр жизненных форм. Рассчитан коэффициент закустаренности и поедаемости на изучаемых пастбищах. Наибольшее значение коэффициента закустаренности на злаково-разнотравно-кустарниковом участке (№ 2) — 0,51; ковыльно-стоповидно-осоково-кустарниковом (№ 3) — 0,19; наименьшее — на разнотравно-стоповидно-осоковом с караганой карликовой (№ 1) — 0,08. Выявлено, что на всех участках травостой представлен травянистыми многолетниками, кустарниками и полукустарниками. Типичные ксерофиты (эуксерофиты), наиболее характерные для настоящих степей, составляют основу данных растительных сообществ. Доля ксерофитов, к которым относятся тонконог тонкий (Koeleria cristata), ковыль. (Stipa pennata), мятлик (Poa attenuate), типчак (Festuca valesiaca), осока твердоватая (Carex duriuscula), лапчатка бесстебельная (Potentilla acaulis) и вильчатая (Р. bifurca) карагана карликовая (Caragana pygmaea), полынь холодная (Artemisia frigidа), колеблется от 45,45% до 65%. Ксеромезофиты встречаются на всех трех площадках, доля их колеблется от 9,09% до 22,22%. Продуктивность надземной фитомассы на участках № 1 составила 6,88 ц/га, № 2 — 6,26 ц/га, № 3 — 6,15 ц/га. Масса подстилки — относительно высокая на всех участках, так как учет продуктивности проведен в начале июня, когда только заканчивается переход ветоши в подстилку. Основу травостоя составляют хорошо поедаемые злаки, осоки и полукустарники. В настоящее время состояние пастбищ вполне удовлетворительное, несмотря на невысокое видовое разнообразие. The results of the study of the steppe pastures grass stand in the Hereford breed grazing areas in the conditions of the Republic of Tyva are presented. The species composition of three plant communities was revealed, the productivity of their aboveground phytomass was determined, the distribution of plants by ecological groups and the spectrum of life forms was analyzed. The coefficient of overgrowth and palatability on the studied pastures is calculated. The highest value of the coefficient of overgrowth on the gramineous-forb-shrubby plot (No. 2) is 0.51; needlegrass-pediform-sedgy-shrubby plot (No. 3) is 0.19; the lowest is on the forb-pediform-sedgy plot with pygmy pea shrub (No. 1) is 0.08. It was revealed that in all plots the grass stand crop is represented with herbaceous plurannuals, shrubs and subshrubs. Typical xerophytes (euxerophytes), the most typical for these steppes, form the basis of these plant communities. The proportion of xerophytes, which include thin June grass (Koeleria cristata), needlegrass (Stipa pennata), bluegrass (Poa attenuate), sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca), hard sedge (Carex duriuscula), acauline cinquefoil (Potentilla acaulis) and forcipate (R. bifurca), pygmy pea shrub (Caragana pygmaea), pasture sagebrush (Artemisia frigida), ranges from 45.45 to 65%. Xeromesophytes are found at all three plots, their share ranges from 9.09 to 22.22%. The productivity of aboveground phytomass in plots No. 1 was 6.88 c/ha, No. 2 — 6.26 c/ha, No. 3 — 6.15 c/ha. The mass of the bedding is relatively high in all plots, since the productivity was taken into account at the beginning of June, when the transition of rags to the bedding is just finishing. The basis of the grass stand is well-eaten cereals, sedges and subshrubs. Currently, the condition of the pastures is quite satisfactory, despite the low species diversity.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG DENGAN POLA PHBM DI BKPH TAMPOMAS, KPH SUMEDANG, PERUM PERHUTANI DIVISI REGIONAL JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN Species Composition and Vegetation Structure of Protected Forest Area using .

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Cecep Kusmana ◽  
Anggun Rahayu Melyanti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Forest Status ◽  
Coffee Species ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

BKPH Tampomas is part of the FMU area of Sumedang entirely classified into protected forest area. However, part of treated as CBFM with the aim of involfing the community in forest concervation activities the aim of this research is to describe and compare the structure and composition of the plant species between the subjected to CBFM and non CBFM Tampomas. The reaserch location was based on forest status of the protected area as having the same stand age and tree spacing. Data collection conducted throught the analysis of vegetation and soil sampling at each observation location species richness of BKPH Tampomas protection forest was relatively low either non CBFM of protected forest, CBFM protection forest of coffe and CBFM protection forest of cardamon. At the level of seedling stage there are 9 species and Calliandra haematocephala, the dominant. Species at the pole stage are found 3 species with Pinus merkusii species as the dominant species, at the tree stage are 2 species that dominated by Pinus merkusii. The covercrop found were 30 species and dominated by Lepturus repens. The low soil fertility and sandy soil texture composition also account for the low plant species in the BKPH Tampomas protection forest areas.Key words : CBFM cardamon, CDFM coffee, species composition, structure vegetation, Tampomas Mountain

scholarly journals Production potential of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic pasture ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Aida Tamahina ◽  
Urfa Turan Ogly Turabov
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Pasture Digression ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Soil Deflation

The pasture digression of meadows followed by soil deflation is one of the pressing environmental problems. This problem is typical for mountain pastures that are constantly in economic circulation. The article presents the results of a geobotanical survey of the Zolsky pastures on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2018-2020. The results of a geobotanical survey show that the pasture phytocenoses are characterized by high floristic diversity due to the heterogeneity of edaphic and orographic factors. The flora of the pastures is represented by postwood moist sedgy-and-tussock-grass, mesophilic woodreed-and-agrostidinic grass, cereal forb, forbs cereal mesophilic and subalpine meadows, low sedgy meadow steppes. The average yield for the pasture period varies from 7.2 to 16.6 centners/ha of dry eaten mass. The consequence of prolonged pasturage and excessive pasture load was a decrease in alpha and beta diversity, the formation of low-productive secondary plant communities of non-food, poisonous and weed grasses, the destruction of sod and soil outcropping. Restoration of degraded pasture ecosystems is possible on the basis of ecological intensification, which provides for the regulation of pasture loads, adherence to grazing terms, phytomelioration using perennial grasses, and short-term isolation of pastures from grazing. This will prevent erosion processes, increase biodiversity, productivity, forage value of grass stand and stability of pasture ecosystems.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of distribution of unseeded species in crops of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
V. Olifirovich
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article investigated the species composition and dynamics of changes in the contamination of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass stand. In the crops of perennial grasses, 34 weed species belonging to 12 botanical kind were found in the first three years of use of the grass stand. In the structure of weed infestation of perennial grasses, the species of the Astra kind of weeds dominated, which were represented by stanktis annual, dandelion, yarrow, field thistle.

Phytoplankton photoadaptation during the spring period in Lake Zürich

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Schanz ◽  
Judith Burri
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Constant Structure ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Lake Zürich

Long- and short-term photoadaptations as a response to increased light availability in spring phytoplankton communities in Lake Zürich have been investigated. At various stages fundamental changes in species composition and species adaptation in a plankton community of approximately constant structure were apparent.

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