scholarly journals Pasture degradation of the Southern Kulunda steppes (Altai Krai)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
N. V. Elesova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Grassland Degradation ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand

The article considers the results of the study of degraded bunchgrass steppes state in the Southern Kulunda area (2013-2018). It points out stages of the grassland degradation and estimates changes in the following: species composition, vertical and horizontal grass stand structure, supply of the aboveground phytomass as a result of pasture load growth.

scholarly journals Short-term isolation of the bunchgrass steppes of the Southern Kulunda

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-362
Author(s):  
N. V. Elesova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Conservation Method

The article considers the results of the experiment to improve the condition of the degraded bunchgrass steppes of the Southern Kulunda at different stages of pasture degradation by the conservation method (2013-2018). The change in the species composition, structure of the grass stand, supply of aboveground phytomass and its components as a result of decreasing pasture load is presented.

INDICATORS OF PASTURE DEGRADATION OF TERSK-KUMA LOWLAND

1970 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
M. A. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pasture Digression ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The regularity of demonstration of the types of vegetation cover indicators of the Kochubei Biosphere Station, the characteristics of the development of indicator communities, and pasture digression processes in connection with unregulated cattle grazing have been studied. Changes in pasture communities are noted with varying degrees of loss of their floristic and phytocenotic potential and changes in the phytocenoses of digressive pastures. Under the conditions of external influence and as they increase, the ordinary components of the community are transformed into its dominant, that is, indicators. Identified plants - indicators, as well as communities - indicators, indicators of changes in the plant species composition of communities in the course of pasture digression. The presence of indicator species in communities is an important indicator for identifying the level of pasture load on vegetation and the most informative parameter for geobotanical monitoring of pasture vegetation. The geobotanical study showed the heterogeneity of pasture vegetation on the phytocenotic composition, which are in a state of severe disruption. The monitoring studies of pastures of the Kochubei Biosphere Station were conducted, where a complex of environmental factors has a significant impact on the change in the species composition and structure of pastures under various loads. The peculiarities of the development of pasture digression on the light chestnut soils of the study area are traced. Changes occurring in the vegetation cover of pastures under the influence of weak grazing are the disappearance of the large-grain cereals of the Stipa series with the predominance of fine-grained cereals like Festuca sulcáta. With intensive grazing with the disappearance of Festuca sulcáta and the emergence of shrubs Artemisia and others, more competitive species appear, this causes a change of plant communities. On the basis of floristic and cenotic analysis, it can be concluded that the types of indicators reducing their abundance under the influence of grazing are Stipa lessingiana, increasing their abundance under the influence of grazing are Artemisia, Ceratocarpus arenarius and other weeds.

FEATURES OF FODDER PASTURE PLANTS IN TERSKO-KUMSKAYA LOWLAND UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
М. А. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Bromus Hordeaceus ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Grass Stand

Study of the regularities of changes in the resistance of defferent forage grasses to the main  common stress factors, ecological and biological characteristics of pasture forage grasses, their productivity under the influence of the changing grazing regime and indentification of changes in species composition of the vegetation cover. Geobotanical descriptions of vegetation were carried out according to Ramensky's method. The selection of plant groups according to the degree of pasture degradation was used using the criteria proposed by B.M. Mirkin (1985). Jaccar`s formula was applied on three key areas to determine the ratio of vegetation species composition generality. One of the areas is the least altered, the other two areas are depending on anthropogenic pressure. The vegetation communities of the Kochubey biosphere station are in a state of degradation, there are changes in the structure of phytocenoses, loss and disappearance of forage grasses. Seven main forage grasses from the Poaceae family, 2 species from Chenopodioídeae, and 3 species from Asteraceae that were not adapted to harsh environmental conditions fell out from the grass stand. Only the drought-resistant, dominant species have survived. A total of 45 species were recorded, out of 10 families from 3-10 dominant plants in three plots, depending on the anthropogenic pressure. The most sensitive to external factors are the following plant species: Agropyron desertorum, Bromus squarrosus, Brómus hordeáceus, Poa bulbosa, Eremopyrum orientale, Phleum pratense, Eragrostis minor, Atropis gigantea, Suaeda microphylla, Petrosimonia brachiata, Artemisia salsoloides. In the structure of phytocenoses, semi-shrubs - halo xerophytes with a high productivity of 11.5-11.7 centners / ha prevail. The coefficient of the floristic community of species according to Jaccar for plots 1 and 2 is 14.8% compared to the third plot - 7.1%, which indicates the increased impact of all external environmental factors, mainly anthropogenic pressure. The vegetation communities of the Kochubey biosphere station is in a state of thinning of the grass stand in the places of the greatest anthropogenic pressure with the possible restoration of forage grasses under certain normalized pressure.

PRODUCTIVITY OF THE NATURAL STEPPE PASTURES IN THE HEREFORDS GRAZING AREAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Л.Т. МОНГУШ ◽  
Б.М. ЛУДУ ◽  
Б.К. КАН-ООЛ
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca ◽  
The Republic

Представлены результаты исследования травостоя степных пастбищ на местах выпаса породы герефордов в условиях Республики Тыва. Выявлен видовой состав трех растительных сообществ, определены продуктивность их надземной фитомассы, распределение растений по экологическим группам, и проанализирован спектр жизненных форм. Рассчитан коэффициент закустаренности и поедаемости на изучаемых пастбищах. Наибольшее значение коэффициента закустаренности на злаково-разнотравно-кустарниковом участке (№ 2) — 0,51; ковыльно-стоповидно-осоково-кустарниковом (№ 3) — 0,19; наименьшее — на разнотравно-стоповидно-осоковом с караганой карликовой (№ 1) — 0,08. Выявлено, что на всех участках травостой представлен травянистыми многолетниками, кустарниками и полукустарниками. Типичные ксерофиты (эуксерофиты), наиболее характерные для настоящих степей, составляют основу данных растительных сообществ. Доля ксерофитов, к которым относятся тонконог тонкий (Koeleria cristata), ковыль. (Stipa pennata), мятлик (Poa attenuate), типчак (Festuca valesiaca), осока твердоватая (Carex duriuscula), лапчатка бесстебельная (Potentilla acaulis) и вильчатая (Р. bifurca) карагана карликовая (Caragana pygmaea), полынь холодная (Artemisia frigidа), колеблется от 45,45% до 65%. Ксеромезофиты встречаются на всех трех площадках, доля их колеблется от 9,09% до 22,22%. Продуктивность надземной фитомассы на участках № 1 составила 6,88 ц/га, № 2 — 6,26 ц/га, № 3 — 6,15 ц/га. Масса подстилки — относительно высокая на всех участках, так как учет продуктивности проведен в начале июня, когда только заканчивается переход ветоши в подстилку. Основу травостоя составляют хорошо поедаемые злаки, осоки и полукустарники. В настоящее время состояние пастбищ вполне удовлетворительное, несмотря на невысокое видовое разнообразие. The results of the study of the steppe pastures grass stand in the Hereford breed grazing areas in the conditions of the Republic of Tyva are presented. The species composition of three plant communities was revealed, the productivity of their aboveground phytomass was determined, the distribution of plants by ecological groups and the spectrum of life forms was analyzed. The coefficient of overgrowth and palatability on the studied pastures is calculated. The highest value of the coefficient of overgrowth on the gramineous-forb-shrubby plot (No. 2) is 0.51; needlegrass-pediform-sedgy-shrubby plot (No. 3) is 0.19; the lowest is on the forb-pediform-sedgy plot with pygmy pea shrub (No. 1) is 0.08. It was revealed that in all plots the grass stand crop is represented with herbaceous plurannuals, shrubs and subshrubs. Typical xerophytes (euxerophytes), the most typical for these steppes, form the basis of these plant communities. The proportion of xerophytes, which include thin June grass (Koeleria cristata), needlegrass (Stipa pennata), bluegrass (Poa attenuate), sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca), hard sedge (Carex duriuscula), acauline cinquefoil (Potentilla acaulis) and forcipate (R. bifurca), pygmy pea shrub (Caragana pygmaea), pasture sagebrush (Artemisia frigida), ranges from 45.45 to 65%. Xeromesophytes are found at all three plots, their share ranges from 9.09 to 22.22%. The productivity of aboveground phytomass in plots No. 1 was 6.88 c/ha, No. 2 — 6.26 c/ha, No. 3 — 6.15 c/ha. The mass of the bedding is relatively high in all plots, since the productivity was taken into account at the beginning of June, when the transition of rags to the bedding is just finishing. The basis of the grass stand is well-eaten cereals, sedges and subshrubs. Currently, the condition of the pastures is quite satisfactory, despite the low species diversity.

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

Predicted long-term effects of group selection on species composition and stand structure in northern hardwood forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
pp. 677-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey R. Halpin ◽  
Craig G. Lorimer ◽  
Jacob J. Hanson ◽  
Brian J. Palik
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood

scholarly journals Peculiarities of distribution of unseeded species in crops of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
V. Olifirovich
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article investigated the species composition and dynamics of changes in the contamination of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass stand. In the crops of perennial grasses, 34 weed species belonging to 12 botanical kind were found in the first three years of use of the grass stand. In the structure of weed infestation of perennial grasses, the species of the Astra kind of weeds dominated, which were represented by stanktis annual, dandelion, yarrow, field thistle.

scholarly journals Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
PRIJANTO PAMOENGKAS ◽  
ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR ◽  
AJI NURALAM DWISUTONO
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Selective Cutting ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Reference Plot

Pamoengkas P, Siregar IZ, Dwisutono AN. 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 163-171. Single selective cutting is the most common form of timber extraction in natural forest in the tropics. Although, vast tracts natural forests are already logged-over, the effect of logging on the structure and species composition has been sparsely documented, especially for merbau (Intsia bijuga). Merbau is an excellent timber species and intensively harvested in Papua. The objective of this study was to analyze the structure and species composition of merbau in the several logged-over forests at different ages, i.e., 1, 5, 11, 16, 21 years old after selective logging and primary forest as the reference plot. The study was conducted in February 2016 at Sarmi District, Papua. The distributions of merbau in each plot varies but when they were compared with that in the primary forest that had reached 9.81%. Thus, the decrease of merbau trees in the plots of logged forest areas was not significant. Index of Diversity of all growth stages was high. In general, the number of merbau seedling regeneration in the study plots are above the average value standardized in Selective Cutting and Replanting System (TPTI) regulation. With regard to the condition of sapling regeneration, we concluded that selective logging might not provide enough growing space for regeneration of merbau. Providing appropriate growing space is one of the key factors to achieve adequate merbau natural regeneration.

scholarly journals A new method for grassland degradation monitoring by vegetation species composition using hyperspectral remote sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 106310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Lyu ◽  
Xiaobing Li ◽  
Dongliang Dang ◽  
Huashun Dou ◽  
Xiaojing Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽  
New Method ◽  
Grassland Degradation ◽  
Degradation Monitoring ◽  
Vegetation Species

scholarly journals Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pastorella ◽  
A. Paletto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Mutual Position ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
North East

Stand structure and species diversity are two useful parameters to provide a synthetic measure of forest biodiversity. The stand structure is spatial distribution, mutual position, diameter and height differentiation of trees in a forest ecosystem and it highly influences habitat and species diversity. The forest stand and species diversity can be measured through indices that provide important information to better address silvicultural practices and forest management strategies in the short and long-term period. These indices can be combined in a composite index in order to evaluate the complex diversity at the stand level. The aim of the paper is to identify and to test a complex index (S-index) allowing to take into account both the tree species composition and the stand structure. S-index was applied in a case study in the north-east of Italy (Trentino province). The results show that the Norway spruce forests in Trentino province are characterized by a medium-low level of complexity (S-index is in a range between 0.14 and 0.46) due to a low tree species composition rather than to the stand structure (diametric differentiation and spatial distribution of trees).  

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