scholarly journals Soviet statistics as a historical source

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Yevhen Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Population History ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Stalin Era

The main purpose of the article is to identify capabilities of soviet statistics as a historical source. Basic information on this type of historical sources is represented. The article is concerned with a significant tradition of the soviet society studying. Research methods: comparative, logical, historical, analysis and synthesis, systematic, historical-genetic, method of historiographical image. Main results. The article describes a large toolkit for working with statistics: mathematical correction of censuses, research on falsifications and political pressure. A number of themes are considered including soviet statistics as mass historical source. The article reports on relevance and accessibility of soviet statistics nowadays. Concise conclusions. Ukrainian and foreign historians have created a large number of conceptual reviews of Soviet statistics. The author outlines some classification types of soviet statistics. It is specially noted on little-known aspects of soviet sources studying. Special attention is given to the verification of statistics of the USSR for authenticity and representativeness. Internet sites with open access to soviet statistics are considered. The paper studies leading concepts about changing the accounting of economic and demographic indicators of Soviet Union. Stalin era is described as main factor in the development of soviet statistics. The article reveals this concept and scrutinize it critique in historiography. Practical significance: recommended for use by authors of articles about the economic and the population history. Originality: the practical experience of scientific research and reference materials devoted to the features of statistical (mass) sources is generalized. Scientific novelty: the first of proposed the image of development soviet statistics with source problems in historiography. The formation of central and local statistic bodies in Ukrainian and foreign studies is described. The article reveals the main statistic sources and scrutinize their critique in historiography. Article type: descriptive.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF DEMOGRAPHIC LOSSES IN THE HOLODOMOR STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Ye. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Population History ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Main Components

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the use of the term «demographic losses» in the study of the destructive events consequences for the population number and structure, in particular, the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933. Research methods: comparative, logical, historical, analysis and synthesis, systematic, historical-genetic, method of historiographical image. The paper studies leading concepts of demographic terminology. It is specially noted on little-known aspects of Ukrainian terminology legacy as like Yuriy Shevelov researches. The problems of modern Ukrainian and world terminology are described. The article reports on methodological toolkit for the creation of terms by domestic and foreign demographics. Ptoukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been recognized as the leading scientific center for the demographic terms creation. Special demographic terminology, including functioning and purpose of the «demographic losses» concept is considered. The article is concerned with a significant tradition of the population history. The meaning of the «demographic losses» concept for studying past social disasters is investigated. The author outlines the main components of the term: the death rate and birth deficiency. The article reveals this concept and scrutinize it critique in historiography. The semantics of the term in scientific literature and demographic dictionaries is covered. Special attention is given to replace the notion of demographic losses with similar indefinite terms: victims, deaths, deaths, etc. The use of the term in the study of the demographic history of Ukraine during the Holodomor of 1932-1933 is emphasized. Practical significance: recommended for use by authors of articles about the population history.

scholarly journals Of Loss and Loot: Stalin-Era Culture, Foreign Aid, and Trophy Goods in the Soviet Union during the 1940s

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-258
Author(s):  
Nathalie Moine
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army

This article focuses on the influx and circulation of foreign objects in the Soviet Union during the 1940s in order to investigate the specific role of these objects during World War II. It reveals how the distribution of humanitarian aid intersected with both the (non)recognition of the genocide of Soviet Jews during the Nazi occupation, and with Stalinist social hierarchies. It explains why erasing the origins and precise circumstances through which these objects entered Soviet homes could in turn be used to hide the abuses that the Red Army perpetrated against their defeated enemies. Finally, it revises the image of a Soviet society that discovered luxury and Western modernity for the first time during the war by reconsidering the place and the trajectories of these objects in Stalinist material culture of the interwar period.

scholarly journals The space of unfreedom: GULAG and its society

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Udovenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Life

This paper analyzes the GULAG as a social phenomenon of the Soviet society and as a specific type of the Soviet unfree space. In particular, it considers social constructs and the relation between the camp administration, prisoners, hired workers and the local population. Paying close attention to the analysis of the social groups which a camp population was comprised of, their gender and social structure, this paper explores the living conditions, mode of life, customs and mores of the social environment in a camp. Based on the large database of various historical sources, such as governmental acts, statistical evidence, archival documents, publications in the camp press and memoirs, this paper also relies on the video interviews of former prisoners collected by the GULAG History Museum. Without denying the authoritarian nature of the corrective-labor camp system, the author came to the conclusion that the established organizational model of camp complexes determined the lack of distinct borders between the camp social space and the public space of the free world. Such blurred structure of corrective-labor camps leads to the fact that the camp culture with its archaic social principles dominated by the thieves culture extended its considerable influence over the whole society of the Soviet Union.

“Documentalism” of the “Long 1980s” Poster as a Visual Historical Source: “Artistic” and “Non‑Artistic” Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
V. Tarasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Models ◽  
Parallel Text ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Illustrative Material

The article studies posters of the late 1980s – early 1990s (the so‑called period of the “long 1980s”) as a visual historical source. In analyzing the problem, the author points out that the illustrative model dominates among the visual representation models of the history at that time. In the historical and cultural focus, it is a parallel story that has no narrative tasks of its own and acts as a visual “animator” of the text. Its characteristic features are low representativeness and “closeness” of visual ideas. As a consequence, the text replaces the meaning and significance of the poster’s illustrative material. The poster becomes a starting point for creating parallel text that does not consider its artistic basis and principles. Pseudo‑text provokes the artificiality of the visual in relation to the text. During this period, the attitude towards the poster as a “silent” source is established. Historians are practically not interested in the artistic nature of the poster, since it does not become an object of analysis. This method is generally common in the traditional historiography of the second half of the twentieth century. The facts established on the basis of a documentary “trace” are interpreted as self‑sufficient (that is they do not require an artistic imperative). Such practice downgrades the documentary status of visual historical sources within the framework of historical analysis. The author is considering some new models for the analysis of the visual historical source that are oriented towards the historiographical paradigm of poster research. The present study analyzes the poster as a source of interpretation of events. Thus, the meaning of a visual document has several levels: 1) the level of fact (it indicates the existence of a certain segment of reality); 2) the level of context (it describes reality through facts, events and phenomena); 3) the level of interpretation (it gives an assessment to the events and expresses a certain attitude towards them).

scholarly journals Bolshevism and Religion in Italian Travelogues about Soviet Russia from the 1920s and 1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Golubtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Soviet Russia

This article analyses religious themes and motifs in travelogues by Italian authors who visited the USSR between the 1920s and 1930s. Their writings deal with religion from two different points of view: first, the authors use religious images and allusions to the Bible and other Christian texts as a common cultural code, which helps them comprehend various phenomena of Soviet reality; second, they explore different ways in which religion is present in Soviet society, which was (as the Italian authors saw it) simultaneously strictly atheistic and permeated with religious spirit. The analysis of these two aspects allows the author to point out some important features of the Italian reception of the Soviet Union and to study the influence of fascist propaganda and the European “Russian myth” on the image of the USSR in Italy. This can help us understand the mechanisms underlying the formation of the image of the “other” in intercultural contacts between Russia and the West. The research is based on studying the travelogues by the Italian writers Curzio Malaparte, Vincenzo Cardarelli, and Corrado Alvaro, who visited the Soviet Union between the 1920s and 1930s when political, economic, and cultural contacts between the USSR and other countries were expanding rapidly after the Civil War. Among other testimonies of the Italian “guests” in the Soviet Union, travelogues created by prose writers and poets are of particular interest as an example of how reality is transformed by literary imagination. These sources are mostly unknown in Russia and have not attracted the attention of researchers. However, they have been studied abroad from the 1980s in several articles and monographs dealing with the image of the USSR in Western culture; recent years have witnessed the publication of several works especially dedicated to Italian writers travelling to the Soviet Union. However, non-Russian researchers mostly regard these texts as historical sources without considering their literary structure: a “philological” approach is crucial for an adequate understanding of such a complex of both fictional and documentary sources. In the long run, the results of this research may contribute to the development of new efficient strategies for intercultural communication in the modern world.

Anti-Bolshevik Omsk in 1919: A Source Study Analysis of the French Intervention Newsreels

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
French Military ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study

After the opening in 2012 basis of a Center for Studying History of the Civil War at the premises of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, a newsreel, shot in April–May 1919 by French military journalists became well-known to scientific and cultural community. And yet despite great popularity of this unique and ‘live’ historical source among filmmakers and journalists, it remains unstudied by researchers. The article aims to fill the lacuna in order to introduce the French newsreel of the anti–Bolshevik Omsk into scientific use. For this purpose, the authors have carried out an attribution and a historical analysis of the film document. The study incorporates scientific publications and an array of historical sources (including photo documents), which the authors have found in the fonds of archives and libraries. The resulting study follows the footage and identifies buildings and places on the film. It also provides a detailed description of what the buildings housed in 1919, when Admiral Kolchak was in power, and what they house now. It points out the well-known personalities of anti-Bolshevik Omsk (A.V. Kolchak, M. Zhanen, A.I. Dutov). Attribution of the French newsreels depicting Omsk in 1919 allows to reconstruct daily life of a provincial town, which had been for a time the capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The chronicle features official aspect of White Omsk, but also some particulars of town life and Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago, which are of great value for historians. It is noteworthy that visual sources on the Civil War are little used by researchers. The fact enhances the significance of the publication, which may be of interest to military historians studying the Civil War and foreign military intervention, scholars in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.

scholarly journals history of development of psychiatry and its establishment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Ya. Pinchuk ◽  
Marina Yu. Polyvianaia
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The paper is devoted to the study of the development of psychiatry and its establishment as a science in the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The leading method of research was the analysis and synthesis of historical sources of the 19th to 21st centuries. The historical analysis of the development of psychiatry was carried out through the study of the life and scientific path of Ivan Sikorsky, Mykhailo Lapinsky, Volodymyr Seletsky, who were the founders of psychiatry as an academic discipline in Ukraine. In 2020, 135 years have passed since the foundation of the Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases in the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The founders of the department are well-known talented scientists, whose activities have enriched psychiatric science. But from 1920 to 2019, psychiatry as a science and a subject of teaching disappeared from the University. Psychiatry received its further development at the university in 2019, with establishment of the Institute of Psychiatry. The practical significance of the study lies in the substantial contribution to the history of domestic medical science, in particular, mental disorder studies, as well as the possibility of using the findings in the teaching of an educational course in psychiatry.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

The Soviet and Western theories of financial management – The competition or the partnership?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-1016
Author(s):  
A.G. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Effective System

Subject. This article explores the main points of the theory of financial management, developed within the framework of the Western general theory of finance, and the theory of financial management developed in the Soviet Union. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate an idea that these theories are complementary, and their harmonious application can help build the most effective system of financial relations management at both the macro-and microeconomic levels. Methods. For the study, I used a dialectical approach and the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, and historical analysis. Results. The article substantiates the point that the methodology of Western financial management theory is aimed at managing external financial flows and combating external financial risks. It notes that the Soviet theory regulates methods and techniques of financial management within the business entity or the State. Conclusions. Theoretical updating of the Soviet practices of financial management combined with the modern achievements of financial management theory will create conditions for the formation of an optimal financial management structure at both the micro-and macroeconomic levels. This can improve the efficiency of financial management, in general. Renewed interest in the theoretical developments of the Soviet Union will contribute to the development of financial science at the present stage.

New Materials for Studying Preparation and Staging of the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957

2018 ◽  
pp. 550-563
Author(s):  
Daniel Sawert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Unique Event ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Local Traditions

The article assesses archival materials on the festival movement in the Soviet Union in 1950s, including its peak, the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students held in 1957 in Moscow. Even now the Moscow festival is seen in the context of international cultural politics of the Cold War and as a unique event for the Soviet Union. The article is to put the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students in the context of other youth festivals held in the Soviet Union. The festivals of 1950s provided a field for political, social, and cultural experiments. They also have been the crucible of a new way of communication and a new language of design. Furthermore, festivals reflected the new (althogh relative) liberalism in the Soviet Union. This liberalism, first of all, was expressed in the fact that festivals were organized by the Komsomol and other Soviet public and cultural organisations. Taking the role of these organisations into consideration, the research draws on the documents of the Ministry of culture, the All-Russian Stage Society, as well as personal documents of the artists. Furthermore, the author has gained access to new archive materials, which have until now been part of no research, such as documents of the N. Krupskaya Central Culture and Art Center and of the central committees of various artistic trade unions. These documents confirm the hypothesis that the festivals provided the Komsomol and the Communist party with a means to solve various social, educational, and cultural problems. For instance, in Central Asia with its partiarchal society, the festivals focuced on female emancipation. In rural Central Asia, as well as in other non-russian parts of the Soviet Union, there co-existed different ways of celebrating. Local traditions intermingled with cultural standards prescribed by Moscow. At the first glance, the modernisation of the Soviet society was succesful. The youth acquired political and cultural level that allowed the Soviet state to compete with the West during the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students. During the festival, however, it became apparent, that the Soviet cultural scheme no longer met the dictates of times. Archival documents show that after the Festival cultural and party officials agreed to ease off dogmatism and to tolerate some of the foreign cultural phenomena.

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