scholarly journals Social risks of postmodernity: essence and classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
V. V. Kryvoshein
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Post Industrial

It is revealed that the concept of ‘social risk’ was formed in line with the creation of the theory of social state and the theory of welfare state. Social risk is defined as the probability of a person losing material resources to meet his basic needs, necessary for the preservation and reproduction of a full-fledged life as a member of society. These basic needs include food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services. It is proved that the objective basis of social risk is the antagonistic nature of social relations, structural features, the nature, growth of social exclusion, the violation of adaptive processes in society, as well as the widespread distribution of various kinds of deviations among the population.Particular attention is paid to the description of the modern model of social risk. It is established that a fundamentally new type of social risk is a global risk as a product of a post-industrial society. In conditions of globalization, a list of life circumstances that violate the normal livelihoods of the individual and which it can not overcome on its own, is expanding substantially. Such unconventional social risks include support for families with children, education and care for children, care for sick children and parents, assistance in housing construction and maintenance, maternity support for a period of interrupted vocational education of up to five years per child, poverty, etc.Trace the evolution of the content of social risks from the industrial society of the period of initial accumulation of capital to modern (post-industrial) society. If, at an early stage, social risks were generated by the production and distribution of goods, values, today they are produced by the production and distribution of the dangers (actually existing) and fears (subjectively existing), that is, social risks in the society of risk are self-replicating, and this production becomes expanded , that is, it involves the phases of self-production (reproduction), distribution and consumption of risks.

scholarly journals On the applied mathematics, artificial intelligence and computer calculations development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Georgii Gennadyevich Malinetskii ◽  
Vladimir Sergeevich Smolin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Post Industrial

A transition from the industrial to the post-industrial phase of the development of civilization takes place currently. In the traditional phase of development (until the twentieth century), the researchers and thinkers focus was on the nature study. In the industrial times (XX century) - the machines world was comprehended and developed. The most important result of this period was the creation of computers. Now the world is entering to the post-industrial phase, where the focus is on the person. This is changing applied mathematics, computer reality. There is a bifurcation in which a significant part of applied mathematics is becoming an industry. A number of promising innovative projects draw attention in this context. There is a transition from "continuous" to "discrete" mathematics, largely associated with the development of cryptography. Another feature of the moment is the neural network revolution in machine learning, which gave a new powerful impetus to the artificial intelligence (AI) development progress. It led to the widespread use of devices and systems that solve "intelligent" problems at the human level and above. The possibilities for solving very complex problems are limited by means that contradict the established views that thinking and reason are based on the soul, which has limitless possibilities. The strong AI (general AI, AGI) creating problem is not in building devices with magical capabilities, but in creating limited systems that can learn to solve many of the problems available. An important AGI property should be cooperation with people, taking into account civilizational norms. This property has not only a technical side, it depends on social relations. Sustainable development requires an agency approach to AGI. Modern applied mathematics has faced fundamental difficulties in complex problems. Multiple increases in the performance of computing systems did not lead to breakthrough results. As new paradigms, "analog" computing systems working with the use of new principles are neural networks and quantum computers. It is shown that these approaches, at best, can help to solve the "past tasks", and not the "future tasks" associated with the post-industrial phase of the development of civilization. The domestic applied mathematics efforts should be used to solve the central problems of the post-industrial society development in Russia using interdisciplinary approaches. This can make it possible to return to the number of countries with advanced technologies in the most important modern production areas. The alternative directions of the science development related to the human capabilities expansion are considered. The key one is related to AI, which can change reality. The article pays special attention to alternative approaches to AI development.

scholarly journals Ukrainian national idea in the era of post-industrial (informational) society

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
В. В. Кривошеїн ◽  
В. В. Іваненко
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Post Industrial

The content of the Ukrainian national idea in the era of transition from industrial to post-industrial(informational) type of society is revealed. It is demonstrated that in the transition to a post-industrial society, thenational idea as a product of an industrial society requires a significant transformation. In a post-industrial society,the national idea should be focused on the production of post-economic values and active social regulation, themaximum use of the creative (creative) potential of members of the national community, the formation of anew type of family and new forms of social partnership, the increasing role of knowledge (scientific and parascientific)and changes in the education system. It is determined that the national idea, taking into account theetymology of the components of this construct, acts as a key idea in understanding the nature of the nation andthe prospects for its development.It is determined that the national idea must be understood in the context of the special conditions of lifeof the people throughout its history. It reflects the deep level of national consciousness, advocates all forms ofreflection of the nation (person) over issues of the essence of the national community and the meaning of itsexistence. Throughout its history, Ukraine has sought to build its own state on a democratic, legal and socialbasis and, having gained independence in 1991, these value dominants were entrenched at the constitutionallevel. At the present stage of nation-building, the key direction in the formation of a national idea is to determinethe optimal model that should underpin state-building – ethno-cultural or civic.It is proved that the Ukrainian national idea, having passed the difficult historical path of aging and formation,today requires substantial modernization, adaptation to the realities of the transitional society, civilizational,geopolitical, economic challenges of the 21st century. The national idea should take into account the changesthat occur in the social and economic structure of society, and incorporate into the body of the nation-buildingstrategy those goals and ways to achieve them that actualize post-material values, pay attention to the needsof self-development and self-improvement of the individual. The formula of the Ukrainian national idea isproposed, which consists of strategic and operational-tactical components, designed for different time periods– short, medium and long term. The strategic components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans ‘Ukraine is a conciliar, European, decent state and a nation’, ‘Equality of all citizens before the law,freedom of life strategies, respect for the national and cultural traditions of the Ukrainian people and ethniccommunities living on its territory’, ‘Democracy in all spheres of public life, the embodiment of moral standardsin social relations’. The operational-tactical components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans ‘Knowledge, information, movement (action)’.

Introduction and overview

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Deeming ◽  
Paul Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Post Industrial

Neoliberalism, based on laissez-faire market ideas, had reached its social policy limits long before the financial crises of 2008. The ‘new social risks’ faced by citizens in post-industrial society led policymakers to rethink what social and economic relations should look like in the 21st century. In this volume we argue that new ideas about social investment and inclusive growth could mark a turning point in social policy.

scholarly journals The Withering Away of the Danger Society: The Pensions Reforms of 1956 and 1964 in the Soviet Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

While a framework of statist welfare practices was constructed in the 1930s, the principles that underwrote it—and that defined the interaction of individual citizens and state agencies—were changed as a consequence of World War II and transformed as a result of Stalin's death and the onset of de-Stalinization. Following a major sequence of welfare reforms in the Khrushchev period, most people's encounters with social risk were substantially minimized. By the Brezhnev era, problems associated with moral hazard were creating new challenges for policy makers: not only did people enjoy the right to a job, as they had done for decades, but perverse incentives discouraged innovation and, for some, hard work. A welfare system had been established that went far beyond the universalism of Western Europe. Cash transfers diffused social risks. Furthermore, welfare touched almost all areas of life, from jobs to leisure, creating a new kind of industrial society, in which many social risks had been artificially eliminated. The effectiveness of this system was highly uneven, and many miserable examples of welfare provision persisted, but this revised relationship between risk and welfare guided the mentalities of policy makers and ordinary people alike. This article offers a commentary on the long-term nature of this process but focuses particularly on the reforms associated with Khrushchev, especially the pension laws of 1956 and 1964.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

Post-industrial Society: Structure, Features, Mechanism and Regularities of Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Domakur Olga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper presents the main points of the theory of post-industrial society, its methodology, the definition, criteria and features of the transformation of society from a pre-industrial, industrial to post-industrial society, the mechanism is defined and the legal conformities of post-industrial society formation are formulated.

The Industrial Safety Professionals: A Comparative Analysis from World War I until the 1980S

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Industrial Medicine

The birth of industrial society produced demand for the services of professionals specialized in matters related to industrial safety. Three professions—safety engineering, industrial medicine, and ergonomics—are examined. These professions are observed to either submit to single sets of demands, to integrate contradictory demands, or to experience scission. Until the late 1960s their growth appears to have been relatively peaceful and uncontroversial. From this period onward, controversy breaks out over questions related to industrial safety, and professions and government administrations grow. Increasingly, the traditional approach of safety professionals is called into question, and they adopt new orientations. These changes are mapped through the examination of data drawn principally from the United States, France, Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Brazil. The traditional standards approach competes with cost-benefit analysis and with systemic safety for influence; in addition, an emergent approach that analyzes accident causes in terms of social relations of work is detected. From Bhopal to Chernobyl, new technologies subject civilian populations to risks of catastrophic accidents, and the action of safety professionals comes under the spotlight. The analysis constructed permits new understandings of the past and the future of these professions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document