scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL NORMALIZATION IN THE SPHERE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE PREVENTION IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Ye. M. Kopytsia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Definition Of

The article carries out the analysis of scientific researches and current legislation in the sphere of prevention and combating climate change. It is determined that the basis for the development of effective national legislation in this area should be formed by the state climate policy. It is proved that the institute of normalization occupies a leading role in providing effective legal regulation in the sphere of prevention and combating negative environmental changes caused by climate change. It is proposed to define ecological normalization in the sphere of climate change prevention as an activity of the authorized state bodies in the development, establishment and implementation of the normative standards of pollutants affecting the climate (limit permissible values of greenhouse gas emissions) with the purpose of limiting and controlling the effects of climate change, preventing its change and ensuring a favorable environmental status as a whole. The article proves the necessity of making amendments to the laws of Ukraine “On protection of the environment” and “On protection of the atmospheric air”, as the initial stage of formation of legal regulation in the field of prevention and combating climate change at the national level, with the prospect of adoption of a special regulatory legal act in this area. Thus, the definition of the concepts of “climate” and “normalization in the sphere of climate change prevention”, as well as legal measures to prevent and combat climate change in Ukraine, which should include the development, installation and implementation of standards for emissions of pollutants affecting the climate (standards of greenhouse gas emissions) should be enshrined in law. Attention is drawn to the fact that the slow pace of development and adoption of regulations in the sphere of climate change prevention, the problems of implementation of the already adopted laws are due to the lack of a mechanism to take into account the problem of climate change and to provide conditions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in other spheres of state policy, while developing national strategies and programs, etc.

scholarly journals The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines: modelling study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Springmann ◽  
Luke Spajic ◽  
Michael A Clark ◽  
Joseph Poore ◽  
Anna Herforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the health and environmental implications of adopting national food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) at a national level and compared with global health and environmental targets.DesignModelling study.Setting85 countries.ParticipantsPopulation of 85 countries.Main outcome measuresA graded coding method was developed and used to extract quantitative recommendations from 85 FBDGs. The health and environmental impacts of these guidelines were assessed by using a comparative risk assessment of deaths from chronic diseases and a set of country specific environmental footprints for greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater use, cropland use, and fertiliser application. For comparison, the impacts of adopting the global dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization and the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems were also analysed. Each guideline’s health and sustainability implications were assessed by modelling its adoption at both the national level and globally, and comparing the impacts to global health and environmental targets, including the Action Agenda on Non-Communicable Diseases, the Paris Climate Agreement, the Aichi biodiversity targets related to land use, and the sustainable development goals and planetary boundaries related to freshwater use and fertiliser application.ResultsAdoption of national FBDGs was associated with reductions in premature mortality of 15% on average (95% uncertainty interval 13% to 16%) and mixed changes in environmental resource demand, including a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 13% on average (regional range −34% to 35%). When universally adopted globally, most of the national guidelines (83, 98%) were not compatible with at least one of the global health and environmental targets. About a third of the FBDGs (29, 34%) were incompatible with the agenda on non-communicable diseases, and most (57 to 74, 67% to 87%) were incompatible with the Paris Climate Agreement and other environmental targets. In comparison, adoption of the WHO recommendations was associated with similar health and environmental changes, whereas adoption of the EAT-Lancet recommendations was associated with 34% greater reductions in premature mortality, more than three times greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and general attainment of the global health and environmental targets. As an example, the FBDGs of the UK, US, and China were incompatible with the climate change, land use, freshwater, and nitrogen targets, and adopting guidelines in line with the EAT-Lancet recommendation could increase the number of avoided deaths from 78 000 (74 000 to 81 000) to 104 000 (96 000 to 112 000) in the UK, from 480 000 (445 000 to 516 000) to 585 000 (523 000 to 646 000) in the USA, and from 1 149 000 (1 095 000 to 1 204 000) to 1 802 000 (1 664 000 to 1 941 000) in China.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that national guidelines could be both healthier and more sustainable. Providing clearer advice on limiting in most contexts the consumption of animal source foods, in particular beef and dairy, was found to have the greatest potential for increasing the environmental sustainability of dietary guidelines, whereas increasing the intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and legumes, reducing the intake of red and processed meat, and highlighting the importance of attaining balanced energy intake and weight levels were associated with most of the additional health benefits. The health results were based on observational data and assuming a causal relation between dietary risk factors and health outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these relations is mostly graded as moderate in existing meta-analyses.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting agricultural management for climate change in developing countries: providing the basis for action

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Ogle ◽  
Lydia Olander ◽  
Lini Wollenberg ◽  
Todd Rosenstock ◽  
Francesco Tubiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Virtual Fieldtrips and Climate Change Education for Tourism Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schott
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Climate Change Education ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Educational Travel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

<p><b>Abstract </b></p> <p>While the pedagogical benefits of fieldtrips have long been recognised our ever increasing understanding of the impacts of flying on climate change is presenting educators with a poignant dilemma; the many benefits long associated with international fieldtrips are at odds with the world community’s needs in limiting/halting climatic change. In response, the paper presents the concept of a VR-based virtual fieldtrip as an innovative and carbon-sensitive type of (educational) travel. The paper not only makes the case for virtual fieldtrips as a meaningful learning tool but also explores both the virtual fieldtrip’s impact on Greenhouse Gas emissions and climate change-related learning. On both accounts the initial findings in this paper are very encouraging. More in-depth research is now required to not only develop a deeper understanding of the full breadth of benefits, but also of the diverse weaknesses presented by virtual fieldtrips and how to negotiate them.</p>

scholarly journals Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Ayanda Pamella Deliwe ◽  
Shelley Beryl Beck ◽  
Elroy Eugene Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
The Impact

Objective – This paper sets out to assess perceptions of food retailers regarding climate change, greenhouse gas emission and sustainability in the Nelson Mandela Bay region of South Africa. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the food retailers’ greenhouse gas emissions strategies. Climate change catastrophic potential and the harmful effect that it has had on the community and businesses has led to it being given attention from social media and in literature. Methodology/Technique – This paper covered a literature review that provided the theoretical framework. The empirical study that was carried out included self-administered questionnaires which were distributed to 120 food retailers who were selected from the population using convenience sampling. Findings - The results revealed that most of the respondents were neutral towards the impact of operational factors regarding GHG emission in the food retail sector. Novelty - There is limited research that has been conducted among food retailers from the designated population. The study provided guidelines that will be of assistance to food retailers when dealing with climate change and greenhouse gas emissions impact in the food retail sector. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: L66, Q54, Q59. Keywords: Climate Change; Food Retailers; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Perceptions; Strategies; Sustainability Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Deliwe, A.P; Beck, S.B; Smith, E.E. (2021). Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 26–35. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(3)

scholarly journals The Climate Change Impact of Possible Municipal Solic Waste Management Scenarios in Estonia

2017 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Harri Moora ◽  
Evelin Urbel-Piirsalu ◽  
Viktoria Voronova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Impact

Waste management has an influence on the greenhouse gas (GHG) formation. The emissions of greenhouse gases vary between the EU countries depending on waste treatment practices and other regional factors such us composition of waste. The aim of this paper was to examine, from a life-cycle perspective, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the context of greenhouse gas formation and to evaluate the possible reduction of climate change potential of alternative waste management options in Estonia. The paper summarises the results of a case study in Estonia, assessing the climate change impact by 2020 in terms of net greenhouse gas emissions from two possible management scenarios. As a result it can be concluded that better management of municipal waste and diversion of municipal waste away from landfills could significantly reduce the emissions of GHG and, if high rates of recycling and incineration with energy recovery are attained, the net greenhouse gas emissions may even become negative. It means that these waste management options can partly offset the emissions that occurred when the products were manufactured from virgin materials and energy was produced from fossil fuels. This is especially important concerning the climate change impact.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change: An Overview

2013 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
B. R. Gurjar ◽  
C. S. P. Ojha ◽  
R. Y. Surampalli ◽  
P. P. Walvekar ◽  
V. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Contribution of local knowledge towards urban agroforestry as a sustainable approach on climate change adaptation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Irisha Jim Ilham ◽  
Norizan Esa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Gas Emissions

A crucial role in climate change adaptation is the one that should be played by cities. These are major contributors to climate change as well as most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. As urban population in cities increases, so does the greenhouse gas emissions. Urbanisation and the growth of cities continues at great speed, and today the global urban population has increased nine fold since 100 years ago. Though presented with current challenges and threats such as environmental degradation, urban poverty and food security, urban density could create a better quality of life and a lower carbon footprint by innovative approach and more efficient infrastructure planning. Creative solutions are implemented as part of the sustainability component of an integrated, climate resilient city, which comprises of fundamental aspects such as food, water, energy and transport. Application of local knowledge on agroforestry can be utilized in an urban setting, and has positive impacts on a microclimate scale, such as reduces impact of higher rainfall, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reduces vulnerability on the urban poor. Urban agroforestry largely contributes to sustainable urban food production opportunities, and encompasses four main fields of practice, including agroecology, urban forestry, urban agriculture and permaculture. This paper examines the local knowledge of agroforestry and how the local knowledge can be transferred into practice in an urban setting, thus providing a sustainable approach towards climate change adaptation in cities.

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