scholarly journals Influence of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides on lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) (a review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
S. V. Yermolenko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso ◽  
V. A. Spirina ◽  
A. O. Huslystyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Neonicotinoid Pesticides ◽  
Over Time

Pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pesticides are synthetic substances that are distributed in different economic activity spheres and until recent times were considered one of the safe types of insecticides. It is known that the use of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides have certain environmental risks for animal populations. Reptiles manifest a significant sensitivity to this family of insecticides. Lizards (Lacertilia) is a numerous group of animals, a large number of species of which is associated with biotopes located in the landscapes influenced by pesticides. Features of toxic effects of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides are investigated on a small number of Lacertilia species and mainly on small lizards. An analysis of previous studies allowed identifying certain features of the toxic effect of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids on the lizards. Affecting this group of insecticides in lizards may increase mortality and neurological deviations, whose symptoms may reduce over time. Laboratory studies indicate that these substances can lead to increased lizard lethality and to hormonal, biochemical, and neuralgic deviations. The conducted studies indicate that these insecticides have an antiandrogenic effect that may decrease the reproductive success of lizards. The metabolism of insecticides in the lizard organism causes the formation of toxic metabolites, which may be accompanied by a greater poisoning of the lizard body than detoxification. Enantiomers of the investigated insecticides, exhibit a different degree of toxicity. A number of parameters of toxic effects are proposed as biomarkers of intoxication with pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. Lizards can be used for bioindication of synthetic insecticides, but the research activities on this issue began to grow in recent decades.

scholarly journals Accounting Engineering and Management of Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura-Maria Popescu ◽  
Ileana Nișulescu-Ashrafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time

Accounting means normally a basis while making management decisions; it is the information tool in order to highlight the strategies and to confirm their success. There are also cases where the roles are reversed and the management delineates the accounting directions according to the results obtained, thus being transformed from the company management for results to the results themselves. Even if over time, the information and activity monitoring techniques improved, the precision of the economic and financial data remains dependent on the reporting referential and the manipulation technique of the results. The article is meant to highlight the items capable to characterise the choice of a management based on results, the conditions of its development, how the financial and accounting information users are affected, particularly the investors, as well as how it can be detected. It is also highlighted the fact that the management based on results plays a very important role for the apparition and development of the accounting engineering at the level of company by the determination it exercises over the managers while achieving or surpassing the objectives. Thus, there is the issue of a false reflection of the company’s activity, regarded by the prism of the management objectives, making particularly sensitive the passage from the economic reality of the company to the management ideals of the management. The financial and accounting information remains as main source of reflection of the economic activity and of the results of these activities, both for the own managers of the entities and for the large diversity of third parties: providers, customers, employees, investors, banks, State institutions etc., that makes it vulnerable in front of the external actions. It is important that in any management plan, its accounting represents a source of information for the management and not a means of obtaining the results.

scholarly journals “Golden Prague”, “a Promised South” and the rest...? Regional and settlement preferences of the inhabitants of Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Štefánková ◽  
Dušan Drbohlav
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Residential Preferences ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Given ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Over Time

The article deals with regional and residential preferences of the Czech population. Regional and settlement preferences represent an interdisciplinary issue, which is relevant mostly to geography and sociology. In this article, the given issue is presented under the umbrella of a broader theoretical framework in the context of Czech and foreign studies. Selected important outputs of previous research activities in the field of regional and settlement preferences are discussed within this study, which enables it to draw a coherent picture of the given issues in Czechia and their developments over time. The main analysis is devoted to the current state of preferences of the Czech population. It is based on a representative survey, which was carried out in December 2010. The aim of the article is not only to make a comparison of regional and residential preferences over a period of almost 40 years, but also to juxtapose the patterns of regional preferences with real migration movements of the Czech population.

scholarly journals “This Pandemic Brought a Lot of Sadness”: People with Disabilities’ Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Thompson ◽  
Shadrach Chuba-Uzo ◽  
Brigitte Rohwerder ◽  
Jackie Shaw ◽  
Mary Wickenden
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
Over Time

This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four countries: Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020 the work of this consortium programme was adapted to focus on pandemic relief and research activities, while some other planned work was not possible. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) led a piece of qualitative research to explore the experiences and perceptions of the pandemic and related lockdowns in each country, using a narrative interview approach, which asks people to tell their stories, following up with some further questions once they have identified their priorities to talk about. 10 people with disabilities who were involved in Inclusion Works in each country were purposively selected to take part, each being invited to have two interviews with an interval of one or two months in between, in order to capture changes in their situation over time. The 10 interviewees had a range of impairments, were gender balanced and were various ages, as well as having differing living and working situations.

Environmental risks of ZnO nanoparticle exposure on Microcystis aeruginosa: Toxic effects and environmental feedback

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Tang ◽  
Huaijia Xin ◽  
Shu Yang ◽  
Meiting Guo ◽  
Tyler Malkoske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Nanoparticle Exposure ◽  
Environmental Feedback

Hydrocarbons

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrett M. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Definitive Management

Hydrocarbons (HCs) are organic compounds that contain primarily hydrogen and carbon atoms. Although most HC exposures occur in occupational settings dealing with various solvents, they can be found in products in every household. Therefore, the risk of exposure in everyday life is high. This review discusses the toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, common clinical presentation, and management of HCs. The three major classes of HCs (aliphatic, aromatic, and halogenated) are closely examined. An in-depth look is taken at commonly encountered HCs with unique toxicologic characteristics. The principles of toxicity, immediate stabilization, diagnosis, definitive management, disposition, and outcomes of these specific HCs are defined. Tables describe HCs commonly found in the household, toxic metabolites and viscosities of common HCs, and target organs of the toxic effects of common alihepatic, halogenated, and aromatic HCs both early and late after exposure. Figures show the structure of the various HCs described in the review. This review contains 13 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 116 references.

Unraveling the toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on the thyroid endocrine system of lizards

2020 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 113731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghuan Wang ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Jing Chang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides

scholarly journals The Evolution of Household Income Volatility

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Dynan ◽  
Douglas Elmendorf ◽  
Daniel Sichel
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using a representative longitudinal survey of U.S. households, we find that household income became noticeably more volatile between the early 1970s and the late 2000s despite the moderation seen in aggregate economic activity during this period. We estimate that the standard deviation of percent changes in household income rose about 30 percent between 1971 and 2008. This widening in the distribution of percent changes was concentrated in the tails. The share of households experiencing a 50 percent plunge in income over a two-year period climbed from about 7 percent in the early 1970s to more than 12 percent in the early 2000s before retreating to 10 percent in the run-up to the Great Recession. Households’ labor earnings and transfer payments have both become more volatile over time. As best we can tell, the rise in the volatility of men’s earnings appears to owe both to greater volatility in earnings per hour and in hours worked.

Fiscal Policy in the Longer Term

2011 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. F4-F10
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Use Tax ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

Governments are important players in many parts of the economy, and at present perhaps the most visible is the balance they set between taxing and spending. Tax and spending polices are in part designed to redistribute resources between individuals, but they can also be used to redistribute resources over time. Governments can also use tax and spending policies to sustain or restrain economic activity, and in most countries a case can be made for using active fiscal policy in periods of clear economic distress, or in periods when it would be useful to restrain imbalances that can lead to financial crises. As a result it is difficult to gauge the appropriate stance of policy. Short-run problems have to be balanced against longer-term needs, and mistakes are common. In the UK, for instance, in the six years up until 2008 the balance of policy was perhaps too loose, whilst over the next five years it is probably too tight, even though deficits are projected to be higher than they were before 2009.

Intrasample variation and the effect of storage delay on faecal metabolite concentrations in the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Descovich ◽  
Allan T. Lisle ◽  
Stephen Johnston ◽  
Tamara Keeley ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Wild Animal ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Adrenal Hormone ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Hormonal Fluctuations ◽  
Over Time

Faecal hormone metabolite analysis offers a non-invasive alternative to blood sampling that is particularly relevant to wild animal populations. It has been used for reproductive and adrenal hormone monitoring in captive wombats, but no information exists on its accuracy when sample storage is delayed or on whether variation exists within samples. This study aimed to quantify the effect of storage delay and intrasample variation on faecal metabolite concentrations of testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone in southern hairy-nosed wombats. For all metabolites, intrasample variance was 15% or less of total variance. Delays in storage significantly changed metabolite concentrations, with progesterone showing a progressive decrease over time (0–72 h: t24 = 2.14, P = 0.05), testosterone showing a significant increase after 6-h delay (0–6 h: t21 = 2.83, P = 0.01), and corticosterone showing an initial increase (0–6 h: t48 = 3.60, P = 0.001), followed by a reduction to original concentrations by 72 h (0–72 h: t48 = 0.91, P = 0.38). Although changes caused by storage delays may not obscure large hormonal fluctuations, this study outlines the importance of immediate storage and consistent sampling to allow the most accurate results to be obtained.

“Justice of the Marketplace”: Legal Disputes and Economic Activity on America's Northeastern Frontier, 1700–1860

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zorina Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Over Time

The analysis of markets, courts, and civil litigation on the northeastern frontier of the United States provides a valuable opportunity to assess the evolution of institutions during economic development. The data set pools longitudinal and cross-sectional observations on 30,000 lawsuits filed in Maine during the critical period between 1700 and 1860. The earliest legal institutions moderated both social and economic norms, but courts quickly began to specialize in commercial issues. The residence of debtors and creditors and changes in spatial characteristics over time yield insights into the nature and extent of capital markets and impersonal exchange. The distribution and disposition of property and debt cases indicate that early markets were well developed and orderly; the evidence of “social tension” between debtors and creditors was minimal. The results do not support the standard claim of a transition from interactions based on community norms to impersonal market exchange late in the eighteenth century.

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