scholarly journals “Golden Prague”, “a Promised South” and the rest...? Regional and settlement preferences of the inhabitants of Czechia

Geografie ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Štefánková ◽  
Dušan Drbohlav
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Residential Preferences ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Given ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Over Time

The article deals with regional and residential preferences of the Czech population. Regional and settlement preferences represent an interdisciplinary issue, which is relevant mostly to geography and sociology. In this article, the given issue is presented under the umbrella of a broader theoretical framework in the context of Czech and foreign studies. Selected important outputs of previous research activities in the field of regional and settlement preferences are discussed within this study, which enables it to draw a coherent picture of the given issues in Czechia and their developments over time. The main analysis is devoted to the current state of preferences of the Czech population. It is based on a representative survey, which was carried out in December 2010. The aim of the article is not only to make a comparison of regional and residential preferences over a period of almost 40 years, but also to juxtapose the patterns of regional preferences with real migration movements of the Czech population.

Operation Experiences with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the Sewage Treatment Plants of Berlin (West)

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peter ◽  
F. Sarfert
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In investigations concerning sludge bulking in Berlin enhanced biological phosphorus removal was first observed unexpectedly. Because since 1986 an officially preset limit of 2 mg TP/l must be kept in all Berlin wastewater discharges it was decided to explore the capabilities of the observed mechanism under the specific circumstances of the exciting two large treatment plants in Ruhleben (240,000 m3/d) and Marienfelde (100,000 m3/d). For this purpose some of the existing units at both plants were equipped with anaerobic zones which were generated mainly by process modifications. Additionally stage one of the Ruhleben plant was altered completely in order to investigate the combination of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal as a special pilot study in three parallel trains. The research activities and treatment results gained in each of the two stages of the Ruhleben and in the Marienfelde plant are reported in detail. For example BOD-related phosphorus removal rates were obtained ranging from 2.3-4.5 mg TP per 100 mg BOD removed. It must be stressed that all examinations were performed on full-scale conditions. At present the given limit of 2 mg TP/l in the Ruhleben plant is met without any chemical precipitation at least on average. From the beginning biological phosphorus removal will be integrated into further projected extensions.

Digitalization in the system of anti-corruption measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
OLEG N. KORCHAGIN ◽  
◽  
ANASTASIA V. LYADSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Private Business Sector ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the current state of digitalization aimed at solving urgent problems of combating corruption in the field of public administration and private business sector. The work considers the experience of foreign countries and the influence of digital technologies on the fight against corruption. It is noted that the digitalization of public administration is becoming one of the decisive factors for increasing the efficiency of the anti-corruption system and improving management mechanisms. Big Data, if integrated and structured according to the given parameters, allows the implementation of legislative, law enforcement, control and supervisory and law enforcement activities reliably and transparently. Big Data tools allow us to analyze processes, identify dependencies and predict corruption risks. The author describes the most significant problems that complicate the transfer of offline technologies into the online environment. The paper analyzes promising directions for the development of digital technologies that would lead to solving the arising problems, as well as to implement tasks that previously seemed unreachable. The article also describes current developments in the field of collecting and managing large amounts of data, the “Internet of Things”, modern network architecture, and other advances in the field of IT; the work provides applied examples of their potential use in the field of combating corruption. The study gives reasons that, in the context of combating corruption, digitalization should be allocated in a separate area of activity that is controlled and regulated by the state.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Commercial Environment

This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.

scholarly journals Quantifying the parameter dependent basin of the unsafe regime of asymmetric Lévy-noise-induced critical transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Jinzhong Ma ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Yongge Li ◽  
Ruilan Tian ◽  
Shaojuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lévy Noise ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Escape Probability ◽  
Critical Transitions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Undesirable State ◽  
Parameter Dependent ◽  
Levy Noise ◽  
The Given

AbstractIn real systems, the unpredictable jump changes of the random environment can induce the critical transitions (CTs) between two non-adjacent states, which are more catastrophic. Taking an asymmetric Lévy-noise-induced tri-stable model with desirable, sub-desirable, and undesirable states as a prototype class of real systems, a prediction of the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one is carried out. We first calculate the region that the current state of the given model is absorbed into the undesirable state based on the escape probability, which is named as the absorbed region. Then, a new concept of the parameter dependent basin of the unsafe regime (PDBUR) under the asymmetric Lévy noise is introduced. It is an efficient tool for approximately quantifying the ranges of the parameters, where the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one may occur. More importantly, it may provide theoretical guidance for us to adopt some measures to avert a noise-induced catastrophic CT.

scholarly journals The Trending Academic Library Job Market: An Analysis of Library Position Announcements from 2011 with Comparisons to 1996 and 1988

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese F. Triumph ◽  
Penny M. Beile
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Current State ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Salary Information ◽  
Over Time

The primary objective of the study was to describe the number, types and titles, requested qualifications and skills, salary information, and locations of positions advertised in 2011 on the ALA JobLIST and ARL Job Announcements websites and in the print version of the Chronicle of Higher Education for purposes of determining the current state of the academic library job market in the United States. To investigate changes in the academic library job market and identify emerging trends over a 23-year period, results also were compared to studies that analyzed position announcements from 1996 and 1988. Content analysis of 957 unique academic library job advertisements revealed relative stasis in the market regarding the number of positions advertised, presence of administrative duties, geographic distribution of positions, and, to some extent, educational requirements. However, other comparisons were more dynamic. Specifically, there has been a decline in foreign language skills and prior work experience requirements over time while computer skills are increasingly sought. Perhaps most striking is the proliferation of new position titles that have emerged over time, which serves as an indication that library positions are becoming increasingly specialized.

Neighborhood Firearm Victimization Rates and Social Capital Over Time

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Victimization Rates

Distribution of firearm victimization is not equal within cities. Victimization can persistently concentrate in a small number of neighborhoods, while others experience very little violence. Theorists have pointed to one possible explanation as the ability of groups to control violence using social capital. Researchers have shown this association at the U.S. county, state, and national levels. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between neighborhood social capital and violence over time. This study uses longitudinal data to ask whether neighborhood social capital both predicts and is influenced by firearm victimization over 3 years in Philadelphia. The results of several regression analyses suggest that trusting others and firearm victimization are inversely related over time. Implications for neighborhood policy planning and social capital as a theoretical framework are discussed.

Increased adoption of best practices in ecological forecasting enables comparisons of forecastability across systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S. L. Lewis ◽  
Whitney M. Woelmer ◽  
Heather L. Wander ◽  
Dexter W. Howard ◽  
John W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Robust Analysis ◽  
Ecological Forecasting ◽  
Workflow Automation ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Over Time

Near-term iterative forecasting is a powerful tool for ecological decision support and has the potential to transform our understanding of ecological predictability. However, to this point, there has been no cross-ecosystem analysis of near-term ecological forecasts, making it difficult to synthesize diverse research efforts and prioritize future developments for this emerging field. In this study, we analyzed 178 near-term ecological forecasting papers to understand the development and current state of near-term ecological forecasting literature and compare forecast skill across ecosystems and variables. Our results indicate that near-term ecological forecasting is widespread and growing: forecasts have been produced for sites on all seven continents and the rate of forecast publication is increasing over time. As forecast production has accelerated, a number of best practices have been proposed and application of these best practices is increasing. In particular, data publication, forecast archiving, and workflow automation have all increased significantly over time. However, adoption of proposed best practices remains low overall: for example, despite the fact that uncertainty is often cited as an essential component of an ecological forecast, only 45% of papers included uncertainty in their forecast outputs. As the use of these proposed best practices increases, near-term ecological forecasting has the potential to make significant contributions to our understanding of predictability across scales and variables. In this study, we found that forecast skill decreased in predictable patterns over 1–7 day forecast horizons. Variables that were closely related (i.e., chlorophyll and phytoplankton) displayed very similar trends in predictability, while more distantly related variables (i.e., pollen and evapotranspiration) exhibited significantly different patterns. Increasing use of proposed best practices in ecological forecasting will allow us to examine the forecastability of additional variables and timescales in the future, providing a robust analysis of the fundamental predictability of ecological variables.

Toward a Post-Sraffian Theory of Income Distribution

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roncaglia
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Distribution Theory ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sraffian Theory ◽  
Over Time

After recalling the Sraffian critiques to marginalist distribution theory, and hence the need for a different approach, the paper illustrates the classical conceptualization of social classes and its flexibility for the application to the modern world. The relationships among market forms-above all oligopoly, mark-up pricing, and income distribution-are then discussed, in search of a theoretical framework for the analysis of the evolution of distributive variables over time: an approach suggested as superior to the traditional one which aims at determining equilibrium values for the distributive variables at a moment in time.

Technical Report: Monitoring and Communicating Changes in Disturbance Regimes (Version 1.0)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Tait ◽  
◽  
Pia Ruisi-Besares ◽  
Matthias Sirch ◽  
Alyx Belisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
High Winds ◽  
Over Time

Shifts in disturbance patterns across the Northeast are of increasing concern as the climate continues to change. In particular, changes in patterns of frequency, severity and extent of disturbance event may have detrimental cascading impacts on forest ecosystems and human communities. To explore how changing disturbance regimes might impact future forest health and management it is necessary to understand the historical trends and impacts of disturbance in the region. Although individual types of disturbance have already been analyzed, there is a need for a consolidated overview of the current state of disturbance in northeastern forests. To address this need, the Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative (FEMC) developed the FEMC: Tracking Shifts in Disturbance Regimes web portal for users to explore changes over time of key disturbance drivers, identify important disturbance responses, and discover where monitoring is happening for both drivers and responses. In collaboration with our advisory committee, we identified key disturbance drivers—flood, high winds, fire, drought, pests—and responses—macroinvertebrates, cold-water fisheries, invasive plants—that are of particular concern in the region. For each of the drivers we identified a suitable regional dataset and analyzed changes over time in frequency, severity, and extent. We also created a structured framework to catalogue programs across the region that are monitoring for these disturbance drivers and responses. Version 1.0 of the FEMC: Tracking Shifts in Disturbance Regimes (https://uvm.edu/femc/disturbance) web portal, first released in October 2021, contains 272 data programs, 11 drivers and three responses. Through the web portal users can browse programs by state, driver type or response type, and explore where monitoring is happening across the region. Driver-specific analyses allow users to quickly see the trends in severity, frequency and extent of selected disturbances and compare the impacts in selected states to regional data. We hope that this collection of programs and the analysis of trends provide researchers and land managers with an easy way to understand the current state of disturbance in northeastern forests that enables them to analyze and plan for future impacts.

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