scholarly journals Stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
V.V. Glebenyuk ◽  
V.G. Petrusha
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Vaccinal Strain ◽  
The Stability

As the basis for prevention of tuberculosis is the use of BCG vaccine. The experience of using the tuberculous vaccine has shown quite positive results. Mycobacterium bovis of BCG vaccine strain, which are preserved in laboratories from different countries may differ slightly in their biological properties, including virulence and immunogenicity. Objective of work is to investigate the stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain. BCG vaccine strain (BCG-Russia) was used for investigations. The morphology, cultural and biochemical properties of mycobacteria determined by means of agreed-upon methods. We used amplifier iCycler iQ5 and a set of reagents for PCR-amplification of DNA  with real-time detection for carrying out PCR. The determination of the virulence and sensitivizing properties of mycobacteria was carried out using the biological test. The pieces of the spleen and lungs were taken for histological examination. It was found that Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains formed on the nutrient medium by Mordovskyi the matted colonies of ivory color with a hilly surface and uneven edges (R-forms). In the smears from colonies, after staining by Ziehl-Neelsen, acid-resistant and non-acid resistant sticks were observed. Mycobacteria BCG strain in the medium of Shkolnykova formed microcolonies, which morphologically resembled «cord». Gene-molecular studies have established the presence of the DNA-target in the mycobacteria of the vaccinal strain. In infected Guinea pigs 3–4 weeks later, an ulcer was formed at the place of introduction of the suspension. Mycobacteria did not cause in laboratory animals the death and development of an infectious process characteristic of tuberculosis. At the autopsy of Guinea pigs characteristic macroscopic changes (tubercular nodes) were not observed. In the spleen of all animals, moderate hyperemia, red pulp hyperplasia were observed. Lymphoid follicles had signs of hyperplasia. At the intersection of laboratory animals of the second and third passages macroscopic pathoanatomical changes were not found. Conclusion: BCG strain do not cause macroscopic pathoanatomical changes in Guinea pigs during three «blind» passages, indicating the stability of his attenuation.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia, the First WHO Reference Reagent for the M. bovis BCG Vaccine of the Russian BCG-I Substrain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Panaiotov ◽  
Yordan Hodzhev ◽  
Vladimir Tolchkov ◽  
Alexander Mihailov ◽  
Roumen Kofinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium bovis BCG SL222 Sofia is a substrain descending from the Russian BCG-I vaccine strain. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of BCG SL222 Sofia, which will facilitate identity assurance and will contribute to more consistent manufacturing, standardization, and differentiation of substrains used in vaccine production.

scholarly journals CATTLE NECROBACTERIOSIS IN THE LIVESTOCK FACILITIES OF THE ALMATY REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (74) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
V. Sushchikh ◽  
A. Musayeva ◽  
N. Yegorova
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research

Necrobacteriosis affects many species of animals. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small cattle, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carriership of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, causative agent is found in food particles during chewing, as well as in feces. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is widespread in the environment (livestock buildings, walking yards, manure, soil, pastures, stagnant reservoirs, etc.). Infestation of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured areas of the skin or mucous membranes of animals. Disturbed blood circulation, cracks and peeling of the horn happen as a result of long-term keeping of animals in damp premices, grazing them in damp, swampy areas, and also maceration of the limb tissues. Four cultures of the causative agent of cattle necrobacteriosis Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from sick animals with symptoms of lameness, their biological properties were studied. The pathogenicity of the isolated cultures was studied in laboratory animals. The work was conducted in laboratory and production conditions in "KazSRVI" LLP and at the dairy farm at "Arkabay" human settlement (village) of Talgar district of Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Slices from the diseased hoof of cows were taken at the border of the diseased and healthy tissue. Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was studied within several hours after sampling in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of necrobacteriosis. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes.  The results of cultivation of the necrobacteriosis causative agent on liquid and solid nutrient media under anaerobic conditions are presented. To get rid of the accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set on laboratory animals - rabbits. All isolated cultures were highly pathogenic for rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died. A pure culture of F. necrophorum, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was sown from the internal organs of rabbits. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture.  The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis emitted hydrogen sulfide and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had a high catalase activity, they split hydrogen peroxide with the formation of oxygen (gas bubbles). When studying biochemical properties, it was found that F. necrophorum releases ammonia within 2-3 hours. Four cultures of F. necrophorum isolated from biological material from cattle were identical in biological properties. 

scholarly journals Effects of diet and genetics on Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine efficacy in inbred guinea pigs.

1987 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Cohen ◽  
R A Bartow ◽  
C L Mintzer ◽  
D N McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine Is Increased by Coadministration with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 72-Kilodalton Fusion Polyprotein Mtb72F in M. tuberculosis-Infected Guinea Pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 6622-6632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Brandt ◽  
Yasir A. W. Skeiky ◽  
Mark R. Alderson ◽  
Yves Lobet ◽  
Wilfried Dalemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Lung Consolidation

ABSTRACT A tuberculosis vaccine candidate consisting of a 72-kDa polyprotein or fusion protein based upon the Mtb32 and Mtb39 antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and designated Mtb72F was tested for its protective capacity as a potential adjunct to the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine in the mouse and guinea pig models of this disease. Formulation of recombinant Mtb72F (rMtb72F) in an AS02A adjuvant enhanced the Th1 response to BCG in mice but did not further reduce the bacterial load in the lungs after aerosol challenge infection. In the more stringent guinea pig disease model, rMtb72F delivered by coadministration with BCG vaccination significantly improved the survival of these animals compared to BCG alone, with some animals still alive and healthy in their appearance at >100 weeks post-aerosol challenge. A similar trend was observed with guinea pigs in which BCG vaccination was boosted by DNA vaccination, although this increase was not statistically significant due to excellent protection conferred by BCG alone. Histological examination of the lungs of test animals indicated that while BCG controls eventually died from overwhelming lung consolidation, the majority of guinea pigs receiving BCG mixed with rMtb72F or boosted twice with Mtb72F DNA had mostly clear lungs with minimal granulomatous lesions. Lesions were still prominent in guinea pigs receiving BCG and the Mtb72F DNA boost, but there was considerable evidence of lesion healing and airway remodeling and reestablishment. These data support the hypothesis that the coadministration or boosting of BCG vaccination with Mtb72F may limit the lung consolidation seen with BCG alone and may promote lesion resolution and healing. Collectively, these data suggest that enhancing BCG is a valid vaccination strategy for tuberculosis that is worthy of clinical evaluation.

Distribution and main biological properties of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates in pig farms of Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Skorikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa are widespread microorganisms in pig breeding enterprises of the region, and due to virulent factors and pathogenic properties, in the etiological aspect, it poses a significant threat to the body of various sex and age groups of pigs. In the form of a monoculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 14.7% of cases, in association with other microorganisms - in 85.2%, and the highest proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was manifested in association with Escherichia coli (47.8%), microorganisms that cause the clinic of gastrointestinal diseases in piglets during suckling and weaning periods. A feature of the epizootic manifestation of pseudomonosis in pigs in the conditions of industrial pig breeding is enzootic outbreaks. In 79.9% of cases, growth is accompanied by the formation of a water-soluble pigment of the phenotazine series pyocyanin on selective nutrient media in isolate colonies, in 80-83 % of cases, on MPA with 5 % defibrinated blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies cause hemolysis zones. Biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cultures showed low-expressed biochemical properties, they assimilated glucose and arabinose, galactose to the formation of acid, decomposed urea, had proteolytic properties, liquefied gelatin and peptonized milk for 72 hours, showed phosphatous activity, did not form indole and H2S, cultures producing exotoxin A, with intraperitoneal infection of laboratory animals show maximum toxigenic properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit plasma-coagulating and agesive activity. The obtained results of studying the main biological properties of P. aeruginosa isolates can be used for diagnostic studies and anti-epizootic measures in the region.

scholarly journals Biological properties of dissociative L- and other forms of Mycobacterium bovis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Tkachenko ◽  
P. O. Davydenko ◽  
V. V. Zazharskiy ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Allergic Condition ◽  
Modified Forms

A race of modified forms of mycobacteria with special properties that can be promising for the construction of TB vaccines was selected It was found that the persistence of the researched microorganisms (27th subculture of acid-fast bacillus and the L-form) persisted for nine months (the period of research) and longer in the bodies of guinea pigs. However, from the suspension prepared from macroscopically unchanged organs of the experimental animals we found acid-proof elementary bodies (grains) and bacilli of typical morphological forms, which formed an orange culture on the nutrient medium on the third day after suspension seeding. The inoculation of guinea pigs with isolated acid-proof mycobacteria (culture-revertant) (1 mg/cm3) was not accompanied by the development of allergic condition (allergic reaction to the tuberculin and AAM was negative at 30, 60 and 90 days); however, acid-proof bacilli, which formed an orange culture,were isolated on the the third day from experimental animals which had been subjected to euthanasia. Multiple passages through the artificial culture medium (dense), prolonged exposure (20 months) at low plus temperature changed the genetic balance, ensuring their survival as a result of the loss of some (specific to the pathogen) and the acquisition of new properties (especially atypical )which are partly inherent in other mycobacteria. At the same time, the persistence in the body of guinea pigs of typical morphological acid-proof forms (bacilli) that reverse from L-forms was not accompanied by the development of the disease. They are chromogenic and retain the ability to form colonies (culture-revertant) on dense nutrient medium from the first generation (from biological material of the guinea pigs) on the second day of cultivation. The loss of sensitization ability of Mycobacterium bovis which werepassaged many times and persistent in the body of guinea pigs can probably testify to the loss of immunogenic capacity, since the development of allergic (tuberculin) reaction, as well as its intensity, indicates an immunological restructuring of the microorganism (the development of an infection) with the parallel acquisition of the specific resistance. We observed a residual virulence of the researched modified forms of M. bovis with the possible formation of specific antiTB immunity without development of the necessary level, which was the indicator of  allergic condition and ulceration of the site where the suspension of mycobacteria was introduced. Microscopy of smears of organs of the euthanized animals (after 80 days)revealled acid-nonproof bacilli, seeding cells. In the control,the weight of the animals tended to increase while the bacterioscopic research (smears) proved negative. Mycobacteria with new, genetically fixed properties have the ability to stimulate benign infectious process, without the development of allergies to the level required for the detection by PPD- for mammals AAM. However, it should be noted that perhaps the extinction of the activity of genes responsible for the pathogenic properties, which are determined by redox processes (dehydrogenase, catalase activity, etc.) and genes which were in a dormant state, activate metabolic processes of pigment synthesis with inhibition of the action of pathogenic factors (toxins). We did not find a relationship between the rate of reproduction (duration of colony formation) and pathogenicity because the original parent culture (third generation) of the investigated modified forms of M. bovis had a high virulence and formed colonies on the second or third day without forming pigment and did not express dehydrogenase and catalase activity. In this article we discuss strains ofM. bovis which differ in biological properties from pathogenic strains. 

scholarly journals Tuberculins for mammals, stability of biological properties of old Koch altuber-culin (Germany) after long-term storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Najmanov ◽  
Yu.M. Мyasoedov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Term Storage

The allergic method is the main one in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in humans and animals. Allergic diagnosis of mycobacterial infections is carried out us-ing tuberculin. Tuberculin was developed over a hundred years ago by the German microbiologist Robert Koch. The diagnostic properties of tuberculin have been studied in detail. This made it possible to develop various methods of using tuberculin in a clinical setting. In addition, tuberculin is still used in the study of the fundamental mechanisms of immunity. Until now, tuberculin is a valuable diagnostic tool. However, the stability of tu-berculin over a long period of time has not been studied. The article provides a historical overview of the manufacture and use of various types of tuberculins for mammals, as well as the results of our own research. Purpose of the study: to study the stability of the biological properties of altuberculin for mammals (Germany) after long-term storage. The study of stability was carried out according to the following parameters: activity, specificity, reactogenicity. The activity was studied in guinea pigs sensitized with M. bovis mycobacteria. The specificity was investigated in guinea pigs sensitized with M. avium mycobacteria. Reactogenicity was studied in non-sensitized guinea pigs. As a result of the research, it was found that alttuberculin for mammals is characterized by biological activity at the level of 8000 IU in accordance with the current active standard of activity (the value of biological activity should correspond to the range of 6600 IU - 15000 IU). Altuberculin is characterized by a low specificity at the level of 41% (the specificity value should not be more than 10%). Alttuberculin, in accordance with modern requirements for the quality of purified tuberculins, is characterized by a high level of reactogenicity (the value of reactogenicity is expressed in the development of inflammation, the size of which should not exceed 5 mm). Thus, Alttuberculin for mammals maintains the stability of biological properties with a shelf life of more than 70 years. A comparative analysis of the quality indicators of alttuberculin and purified tuberculin PPD indicates the preference of using the purified form of the allergen when conducting diagnostic studies of animals for tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Recovered from Agri-Food By-Products Using Innovative Processes: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives for Their Application in Food Systems

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2632
Author(s):  
Henrique Silvano Arruda ◽  
Eric Keven Silva ◽  
Nayara Macêdo Peixoto Araujo ◽  
Gustavo Araujo Pereira ◽  
Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Natural Colorants ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
By Products

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring phytochemicals that have attracted growing interest from consumers and the food industry due to their multiple biological properties and technological applications. Nevertheless, conventional extraction techniques based on thermal technologies can compromise both the recovery and stability of anthocyanins, reducing their global yield and/or limiting their application in food systems. The current review provides an overview of the main innovative processes (e.g., pulsed electric field, microwave, and ultrasound) used to recover anthocyanins from agri-food waste/by-products and the mechanisms involved in anthocyanin extraction and their impacts on the stability of these compounds. Moreover, trends and perspectives of anthocyanins’ applications in food systems, such as antioxidants, natural colorants, preservatives, and active and smart packaging components, are addressed. Challenges behind anthocyanin implementation in food systems are displayed and potential solutions to overcome these drawbacks are proposed.

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