scholarly journals CATTLE NECROBACTERIOSIS IN THE LIVESTOCK FACILITIES OF THE ALMATY REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (74) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
V. Sushchikh ◽  
A. Musayeva ◽  
N. Yegorova
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research

Necrobacteriosis affects many species of animals. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small cattle, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carriership of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, causative agent is found in food particles during chewing, as well as in feces. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is widespread in the environment (livestock buildings, walking yards, manure, soil, pastures, stagnant reservoirs, etc.). Infestation of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured areas of the skin or mucous membranes of animals. Disturbed blood circulation, cracks and peeling of the horn happen as a result of long-term keeping of animals in damp premices, grazing them in damp, swampy areas, and also maceration of the limb tissues. Four cultures of the causative agent of cattle necrobacteriosis Fusobacterium necrophorum were isolated from sick animals with symptoms of lameness, their biological properties were studied. The pathogenicity of the isolated cultures was studied in laboratory animals. The work was conducted in laboratory and production conditions in "KazSRVI" LLP and at the dairy farm at "Arkabay" human settlement (village) of Talgar district of Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Slices from the diseased hoof of cows were taken at the border of the diseased and healthy tissue. Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was studied within several hours after sampling in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnosis of necrobacteriosis. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes.  The results of cultivation of the necrobacteriosis causative agent on liquid and solid nutrient media under anaerobic conditions are presented. To get rid of the accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set on laboratory animals - rabbits. All isolated cultures were highly pathogenic for rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died. A pure culture of F. necrophorum, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was sown from the internal organs of rabbits. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture.  The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis emitted hydrogen sulfide and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had a high catalase activity, they split hydrogen peroxide with the formation of oxygen (gas bubbles). When studying biochemical properties, it was found that F. necrophorum releases ammonia within 2-3 hours. Four cultures of F. necrophorum isolated from biological material from cattle were identical in biological properties. 

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSOBACTERIUM NECROPHORUM ISOLATED FROM INFECTED CATTLE TISSUES IN ALMATY REGION

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (333) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
N.P. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
N.N. Egorova ◽  
S.N. Sarimbekova ◽  
V.Yu Sushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics

Necrobacteriosis (necrobacteriosis) is established as an infectious disease characterized by purulent-necrotic lesions of tissues mainly of the lower parts of the extremities, especially in the area of the corolla, and in some cases in the oral cavity, on the udder, in the genitals, liver, lungs and other tissues and organs. Many animal species are affected by necrobacteriosis. The most susceptible and sensitive to Fusobacterium necrophorum are reindeer, cattle and small ruminants, pigs, and rabbits. A constant carrier of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in the rumen and intestines of ruminants has been established, it is found in food particles during chewing, in feces, in objects of the external environment. The disease is especially often observed in animals kept in damp places with poor zoohygienic conditions. Infection of animals occurs when the pathogen enters the injured skin areas or when the mucous membranes are macerated. The work was carried out in the laboratory and production conditions of KazSRVI LLC and at the MTF of the Arkabay settlement of the Talgar district of the Almaty region, where stall keeping of animals is practiced. Material for laboratory research (sections from the horny tissue of the hoof on the border with the healthy one) were taken fresh and inoculated on a nutrient medium for anaerobes (Kitt-Tarozzi medium). Samples of the selected biological material were plated on Kitt-Tarozzi medium at the sampling site on the farm. The biological material taken from sick animals was examined within several hours after taking in accordance with the guidelines for laboratory diagnostics of necrobacteriosis (YEAR INDICATION METHOD). To get rid of the numerous accompanying microflora and obtain a pure culture of F. necrophorum, a bioassay was set up on laboratory animals - rabbits. On the 14-15th day after infection, the experimental rabbits died, which is evidence of the high pathogenicity of the isolated cultures. A pure culture of F. necrophorum from rabbit’s internal organs, not contaminated with extraneous microflora, was cultured. It was found that rabbits are the optimal biomodel for purification of the F. necrophorum culture. The results of cultivation of the causative agent of presented necrobacteriosis on solid and liquid nutrient media are. The biochemical properties of the isolated cultures have been studied. It was found that epizootic cultures of the causative agent of necrobacteriosis in cattle emitted hydrogen sulfide, formed ammonia, and had hemolytic properties. In experiments in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the isolated cultures of F. necrophorum showed hyaluronidase activity. Cultures of F. necrophorum had high catalase activity, i.e. split hydrogen peroxide with the release of gas bubbles. Four cultures of F. necrophorum, isolated from biological material from cattle, were identical in biological properties.

scholarly journals Stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
V.V. Glebenyuk ◽  
V.G. Petrusha
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Vaccinal Strain ◽  
The Stability

As the basis for prevention of tuberculosis is the use of BCG vaccine. The experience of using the tuberculous vaccine has shown quite positive results. Mycobacterium bovis of BCG vaccine strain, which are preserved in laboratories from different countries may differ slightly in their biological properties, including virulence and immunogenicity. Objective of work is to investigate the stability attenuation of BCG vaccine strain. BCG vaccine strain (BCG-Russia) was used for investigations. The morphology, cultural and biochemical properties of mycobacteria determined by means of agreed-upon methods. We used amplifier iCycler iQ5 and a set of reagents for PCR-amplification of DNA  with real-time detection for carrying out PCR. The determination of the virulence and sensitivizing properties of mycobacteria was carried out using the biological test. The pieces of the spleen and lungs were taken for histological examination. It was found that Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains formed on the nutrient medium by Mordovskyi the matted colonies of ivory color with a hilly surface and uneven edges (R-forms). In the smears from colonies, after staining by Ziehl-Neelsen, acid-resistant and non-acid resistant sticks were observed. Mycobacteria BCG strain in the medium of Shkolnykova formed microcolonies, which morphologically resembled «cord». Gene-molecular studies have established the presence of the DNA-target in the mycobacteria of the vaccinal strain. In infected Guinea pigs 3–4 weeks later, an ulcer was formed at the place of introduction of the suspension. Mycobacteria did not cause in laboratory animals the death and development of an infectious process characteristic of tuberculosis. At the autopsy of Guinea pigs characteristic macroscopic changes (tubercular nodes) were not observed. In the spleen of all animals, moderate hyperemia, red pulp hyperplasia were observed. Lymphoid follicles had signs of hyperplasia. At the intersection of laboratory animals of the second and third passages macroscopic pathoanatomical changes were not found. Conclusion: BCG strain do not cause macroscopic pathoanatomical changes in Guinea pigs during three «blind» passages, indicating the stability of his attenuation.

Distribution and main biological properties of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates in pig farms of Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Skorikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa are widespread microorganisms in pig breeding enterprises of the region, and due to virulent factors and pathogenic properties, in the etiological aspect, it poses a significant threat to the body of various sex and age groups of pigs. In the form of a monoculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 14.7% of cases, in association with other microorganisms - in 85.2%, and the highest proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was manifested in association with Escherichia coli (47.8%), microorganisms that cause the clinic of gastrointestinal diseases in piglets during suckling and weaning periods. A feature of the epizootic manifestation of pseudomonosis in pigs in the conditions of industrial pig breeding is enzootic outbreaks. In 79.9% of cases, growth is accompanied by the formation of a water-soluble pigment of the phenotazine series pyocyanin on selective nutrient media in isolate colonies, in 80-83 % of cases, on MPA with 5 % defibrinated blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies cause hemolysis zones. Biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cultures showed low-expressed biochemical properties, they assimilated glucose and arabinose, galactose to the formation of acid, decomposed urea, had proteolytic properties, liquefied gelatin and peptonized milk for 72 hours, showed phosphatous activity, did not form indole and H2S, cultures producing exotoxin A, with intraperitoneal infection of laboratory animals show maximum toxigenic properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit plasma-coagulating and agesive activity. The obtained results of studying the main biological properties of P. aeruginosa isolates can be used for diagnostic studies and anti-epizootic measures in the region.

Non-human primate malaria parasites: out of the forest and into the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
AXEL MARTINELLI ◽  
RICHARD CULLETON
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Human Primate

SUMMARYThe study of malaria in the laboratory relies on either thein vitroculture of human parasites, or the use of non-human malaria parasites in laboratory animals. In this review, we address the use of non-human primate malaria parasite species (NHPMPs) in laboratory research. We describe the features of the most commonly used NHPMPs, review their contribution to our understanding of malaria to date, and discuss their potential contribution to future studies.

scholarly journals Complex Characteristics of Yersinia pestis Strains Isolated in the Sarydzhaz and Upper-Naryn High-Mountain Foci in 2019–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
L. M. Kukleva ◽  
A. K. Dzhaparova ◽  
E. G. Oglodin ◽  
E. A. Naryshkina ◽  
Ya. M. Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Whole Genome

The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the phenotypic and genetic properties of Yersinia pestis strains isolated in the Sarydzhaz and Upper-Naryn high-mountain foci of the Tien Shan in 2019–2020; determination of the present-day population structure and areal of these highly virulent strains of the plague pathogen.Materials and methods. Studies of biochemical properties (fermentation of carbohydrates, nutritional requirements), virulence (in vitro and in laboratory animals), molecular-genetic analysis and whole genome sequencing of Y. pestis strains isolated in the Sarydzhaz and Upper-Naryn high-mountain foci in 2019–2020 have been carried out. We used Y. pestis strains from the foci of the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai dated 1928–2016 for the comparison. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Ion S5 XL System. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of 1443 identified core SNPs in 36 Y. pestis strains of various phylogenetic lines included in the analysis. The construction of dendrograms was carried out using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm, PHYML program, HKY85 model.Results and discussion. It is established that all Y. pestis strains isolated in the Sarydzhaz and Upper-Naryn high-mountain foci in 2019–2020 belong to the 0.ANT5 phylogenetic branch of the ancient biovar of the main subspecies. Genome-wide sequencing revealed the presence of two 0.ANT5 clones, the first of which consists of strains from the basin of the river Kooylu in the Sarydzhaz focus, dated 2020. The second powerful clone includes the strains of 2012–2020 isolated in the Sarydzhaz and Upper-Naryn foci. The high virulence of the isolated strains has been shown. It was concluded that further study of the territories of the highmountain foci of the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai is necessary to establish the current boundaries of the 0.ANT5 areal, as well as to identify the circulation areas of Y. pestis of other phylogenetic lineages. 

scholarly journals MODERN ALTERNATIVE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Zaritskaya ◽  
E. V. Polozova ◽  
A. S. Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Alternative Techniques

Based on literature review and own experience, grounds for necessity of toxicological assessment of goods and ecological state are given. As industry and economical activity develops, new chemicals, materials and goods appear, the problem of environmental protection and human chemical safety is becoming increasingly crucial. According to the legislation of most civilized countries, including Russian Federation, all chemicals, materials, goods, industrial waste and consumption residue which are potentially dangerous for humans must pass toxicological expert examination. Classical toxicological study techniques of chemicals, products and goods containing them, are labor-and time-consuming, expensive and as a rule require a lot of laboratory animals of various species. Moreover, the use of mammals is embarrassing from an ethical point of view. Therefore in late decades a search for new alternative techniques and instruments which could reliably reflect the effect of various toxicants on human body is actively being carried out. Sanitary-toxicological methods are shown to be predominantly used for the quality assessment and regulation of the production and environmental objects, especially in perfumes and cosmetics examination due to the prohibition of testing of cosmetics and its ingredients on animals in European Union countries. General characteristics and availability of the determination of the toxicity with the use of alternative testing techniques, such as computer toxicity simulation (in silico techniques), grouping of similar chemicals into categories, laboratory research (in chemico, ex vivo, in vitro methods) are reported. Characteristics of up-to-date alternative techniques which are most widely used in sanitary-toxicological studies are shown.

In vitro Behaviour of Alumina-Hydroxiapatite Composites Coatings

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416-1418
Author(s):  
Alexandru Szabo ◽  
Ilare Bordeasu ◽  
Ion Dragos Utu ◽  
Ion Mitelea
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a very common material used for biomedical applications. Usually, in order to improve its poor mechanical properties is combined or coated with other high-strength materials.The present paper reports the manufacturing and the biocompatibility behaviour of two different biocomposite coatings consisting of alumina (Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HA) using the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying method which were deposited onto the surface of a commercially pure titanium substrate. The biological properties of the Al2O3-HA materials were evaluated by in vitro studies. The morphology of the coatings before and after their immersing in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed an important germination of the biologic hydroxyapatite crystallite on the surface of both coatings.

Neurotoxicity of Pesticides: The Roadmap for the Cubic Mode of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Bumbăcilă ◽  
Mihai V. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Organophosphate Compounds ◽  
Sar Studies ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Cubic Structure

Pesticides are used today on a planetary-wide scale. The rising need for substances with this biological activity due to an increasing consumption of agricultural and animal products and to the development of urban areas makes the chemical industry to constantly investigate new molecules or to improve the physicochemical characteristics, increase the biological activities and improve the toxicity profiles of the already known ones. Molecular databases are increasingly accessible for in vitro and in vivo bioavailability studies. In this context, structure-activity studies, by their in silico - in cerebro methods, are used to precede in vitro and in vivo studies in plants and experimental animals because they can indicate trends by statistical methods or biological activity models expressed as mathematical equations or graphical correlations, so a direction of study can be developed or another can be abandoned, saving financial resources, time and laboratory animals. Following this line of research the present paper reviews the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) studies and proposes a correlation between a topological connectivity index and the biological activity or toxicity made as a result of a study performed on 11 molecules of organophosphate compounds, randomly chosen, with a basic structure including a Phosphorus atom double bounded to an Oxygen atom or to a Sulfur one and having three other simple covalent bonds with two alkoxy (-methoxy or -ethoxy) groups and to another functional group different from the alkoxy groups. The molecules were packed on a cubic structure consisting of three adjacent cubes, respecting a principle of topological efficiency, that of occupying a minimal space in that cubic structure, a method that was called the Clef Method. The central topological index selected for correlation was the Wiener index, since it was possible this way to discuss different adjacencies between the nodes in the graphs corresponding to the organophosphate compounds molecules packed on the cubic structure; accordingly, "three dimensional" variants of these connectivity indices could be considered and further used for studying the qualitative-quantitative relationships for the specific molecule-enzyme interaction complexes, including correlation between the Wiener weights (nodal specific contributions to the total Wiener index of the molecular graph) and the biochemical reactivity of some of the atoms. Finally, when passing from SAR to Q(uantitative)-SAR studies, especially by the present advanced method of the cubic molecule (Clef Method) and its good assessment of the (neuro)toxicity of the studied molecules and of their inhibitory effect on the target enzyme - acetylcholinesterase, it can be seen that a predictability of the toxicity and activity of different analogue compounds can be ensured, facilitating the in vivo experiments or improving the usage of pesticides.

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