scholarly journals Analysis of the results of the study on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) in food products of animal origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
T. Kozytska ◽  
T. Garkavenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistance to antibiotics (AB) has significant differences in different countries and geographical regions. The main problem is represented by strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA), resistant to many ABs. Often, MRSA is transmitted to humans through animal food products. Purpose: investigate animal foods for S. aureus and detect methicillin-resistant strains. Food research was carried out according to ISO 6888-1, ISO 6888-2, MW 15.2-5.3-004:2007, State standard 10444.2. The material for further research was the isolates of S. aureus isolated from different groups of food products of animal origin. Disks containing methicillin (30 mg) and oxacillin (5 mg) and Müller-Hinton nutrient medium were used to determine the sensitivity to AB. The research was conducted by disc diffusion method in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines «Determination of microorganism sensitivity to antibacterial preparations» dated 12/25/2014. In addition, the data of the state veterinary report on the study of milk of cows and determination of antibiotic resistance of cultures isolated from it in 2017 were analyzed. A study on the presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus was carried out in food products of animal origin during 2016–2017. During this period, 58 isolates of S. aureus were identified, of which 7 were classified as MRSA, which was an average of 12.1 % of all isolated cultures. The highest amount of MRSA is isolated from chicken meat – 29.0% and meat products – 20.0%, ready-to-eat fish – 16.7% and meat mincer – 6.1%. The 2017 report on antibiotic resistance from all regions of Ukraine was also analyzed for the detection of S. aureus strains resistant to oxacillin. These data were available only for S. aureus isolated from milk from cows suffering from subclinical mastitis. Of the 47 strains of S. aureus, 22 (46.8%) were methicillin-resistant. MRSA poses a serious threat to the health of humans and animals and may be transmitted through food. There is no monitoring system in Ukraine on the detection of resistant strains in food products. A single list of ABs according to which laboratories conducted sensitivity tests was not approved. Therefore, in most cases, the sensitivity of Staphylococcus to oxacillin/methicillin is not determined. We found that, on average, MRSA from animal foods of animal origin in Ukraine is found in 12.1% of cases. Milk of animals, that suffer from subclinical forms of mastitis, can serve as a source of MRSA for humans, because it was detected in 46.8% of cases.

Enterotoxigenic and Antibiotic Resistance Determination of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers in Gaborone, Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LOETO ◽  
M. I. MATSHEKA ◽  
B. A. GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Standards

The prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different anatomical sites on food handlers in Gaborone, Botswana, were determined. Of a total of 200 food handlers tested, 115 (57.5%) were positive for S. aureus. Of the 204 S. aureus isolates, 63 (30.9%), 91 (44.6%), and 50 (24.5%) were isolated from the hand, nasal cavity, and face, respectively, and 43 (21%) of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. The most prevalent enterotoxin was type A, which accounted for 34.9% of all the enterotoxigenic strains, and enterotoxin D was produced by the fewest number of strains (9.3%). Resistance to methicillin was encountered in 33 (22.4%) of the penicillin G–resistant isolates, and 9 (27.3%) of these methicillin-resistant isolates also were resistant to vancomycin. Nineteen antibiotic resistance profiles were determined, and the nasal cavity had the highest diversity of resistance profiles. The nasal cavity also had the highest number of resistant strains, 77 (53%), whereas the hand and face had 49 (32%) and 24 (16.0%) resistant strains, respectively. To reduce the Staphylococcus carriage rate among food handlers, training coupled with a commitment to high standards of personal and environmental hygiene is recommended.

scholarly journals Investigation of Methicillin Resistance and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Cansu Gezgen ◽  
Esra Seker
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mastitic Milk

Background: Mastitis, which is inflammation of the mammary gland, is among the most important diseases in dairy herds resulting in reductions of milk yield and milk quality. Although several groups of microorganisms have been reported as etiological agents of mastitis, Staphylococci are the most frequently isolated bacteria from bovine mastitic milk samples. The aim of this study was to isolate the Staphylococcus species from bovine mastitis, investigate the mecA ve pvl genes in isolated species by PCR and determine the antibiotic resistance of methicillin resistant strains to some antibiotics commonly used in veterinary field.Materials, Methods & Results: In the present study, 972 half-udder milk samples (n = 757 CMT positive, n = 215 CMT negative) were used from 251 lactating cows from 34 different enterprises located center town and villages of Ödemiş, İzmir. Ten microliters of each milk sample was inoculated onto Columbia blood agar, containing 7% of sheep blood and incubated under aerobic conditions for 24-48 h at 37°C. The certain identification of Staphylococcus isolates was achieved using Crystal™ Identification Systems Gram-Positive ID kit. Bacterial DNAs were extracted from all strains using boiling method and strains were screened for the presence of 16S rDNA, mecA and pvl genes by PCR. The antimicrobial resistance of MRS species was determined by using disc diffusion method. A total of 182 (18.72%) Staphylococcus strains were isolated from 972 half-udder milk samples. Of 182 Staphylococcus strains, 137 (75.27%) and 45 (24.73%) were detected as CPS and CNS, respectively. Among the 11 different Staphylococcus species, S. intermedius (42.30%) was the most common species isolated, followed by S. aureus (32.97%) and S. saprophyticus (10.99%). The mecA positivity was found in only 4 (2.2%) S. intermedius strains, while pvl toxin gene was determined in none of the strains. Four MR S. intermedius strains were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin. The resistance was also found to erythromycin (50%), rifampicin (25%), gentamicin (25%), tetracycline (25%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (25%) in the isolates.Discussion: In this study, S. intermedius had the highest isolation rate and this finding was considered remarkable. Generally, in mastitis diagnostics all CPS isolates are classified as S. aureus. In our study, the certain identification of all CPS may explain the high isolation rate of S. intermedius. The sampling method may also be the reason of higher isolation rate for S. intermedius in accordance with the most common ones causing mastitis. All of mecA positive strains were S. intermedius and this was the another remarkable finding of our study. Because similar result was seen in only one study from Korea, while the investigation finding related to MR S. intermedius was not determined in Turkey. However, the mecA positivity found in our study was lower than the other author’s isolation rate. The difference between the sample size, geographical variations and diversity in strains may be the causes of this discrepancy. It was investigated pvl toxin gene in 182 Staphylococcus strains by PCR and found this gene in none of strains. According to this finding, it was considered that pvl gene may have not an efficient role in the pathogenesis of mastitis in terms of sampled animals and sampling area. Antibiotic resistance of 4 MR S. intermedius strains against various antibiotics commonly used in Turkey was investigated. Of methicillin resistant strains, 2, 1 and 1 were resistant to 3, 6 and 5 antibiotics, respectively. It was considered that geographical differences, number of tested isolates and diversity in MR strains may be effective on the antibiotic resistance levels. This is the first study showing the presence of mecA gene in S. intermedius strains isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples in Turkey.

SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS OF BACTERIA OF THE GENUS KLEBSIELLA ISOLATED FROM FOODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
A. A. Stankevich ◽  
◽  
I. B. Bykova ◽  
N. R. Efimochkina ◽  
I. M. Netyaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria contaminating food products of animal origin has become one of the serious health problems in recent years. Increased resistance of bacteria of Klebsiella genus to antimicrobials leads to their adaptation and spread of high - and multi-resistant strains. The study of 44 samples of poultry meat, dairy products and food established that the frequency of detection of Klebsiella is 22%. Most of the isolated food isolates were sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol. In 30% of cases resistance of Кlebsiell food isolates to penicillin and ampicillin, tetracycline antibiotics, gentamicin, streptomycin and nitrofurantoin was found. The presence of dissociation processes of Klebsiella food isolates and antibiotic resistance formation is shown.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance Salmonella isolates recovered from food products of animal origin in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Skitovich ◽  
Kseniya Serova ◽  
Yevgenia Korchagina ◽  
Natalya Shadrova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Nalidixic Acid Resistance

The study was aimed at Salmonella isolation from samples of animal food products submitted for testing from various regions of the Central part of the RF and serotyping of the recovered isolates and their testing for antibiotic resistance. A total of 2,342 tests were performed and 87 (3.7%) Salmonella isolates were recovered. Most of them (54 isolates) were recovered from poultry meat and poultry meat preparation samples submitted for testing. Besides, 25 isolates were recovered from pork and pork preparation samples, 7 isolates – from beef samples, 1 isolate – from hard cheese samples. Serotyping of 64 Salmonella isolates showed that the majority of the isolates (57.8%) belonged to О7 group. Also, Salmonella isolates belonging to О9 (21.9%), О8 (9.4%), О4,5 (6.2%) and О10 (4.7%) were detected in food products. S. Enteritidis, (23.3%), and S. infantis (18.7%), were predominant based on the number of detections. Also, the following serovars were identified: S. typhimurium, S. nigeria, S. montevideo, S. derby, S. meleagridis, S. virchov, S. oranienburg. Tests of 87 Salmonella isolates for their antibiotic resistance with disk diffusion method revealed that they were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (70.1%), tetracycline (49.4%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (40.2%). Moreover, nalidixic acid-resistance was common for all identified isolates. Seventeen isolates (19.5%) demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance and two isolates were found to be resistant to ≥7 antibiotics. All recovered isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, meropenem and imipenem. Obtained results indicate the necessity of Salmonella antibiotic resistance monitoring to gain understanding of Salmonellas’ antibiotic resistance emergence and trends.

scholarly journals Investigation of antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical samples of animals and humans from selective areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. S. Uddin ◽  
M. J. Islam ◽  
M. U. Ahmed ◽  
M. M. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Potential Pathogen

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a potential pathogen responsible for producing various infectious diseases. Determination of the prevalence of S. aureus infections both in animals and humans and elucidation of their antibiotic resistance pattern is crucial. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of Staphylococcal diseases in animals and humans, and their resistance pattern to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: A total of 100 animal and 100 human clinical samples were analyzed by traditional method. The S. aureus was identified by their cultural characteristics, gram’s staining, and catalase and coagulase tests. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by disc diffusion method using various types of antibiotics. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus in animals and humans were 54% and 40%, respectively. S. aureus isolates of animal origin were highly resistant against penicillin (64.81%) and oxytetracycline (42.59%), and the lowest resistance was against oxacillin (7.40 %). S. aureus isolates from human were also showed a higher percentage of resistance against penicillin (87.5%) then oxacillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin (37.5% each), and lowest resistance was observed against fusidic acid (5%). Conclusion: The findings of this study will certainly help veterinary clinicians or physicians to select appropriate antibiotics like oxacillin and fusidic acid for the treatment of different types of staphylococcal infections.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Pavarish Jantorn ◽  
Hawaree Heemmamad ◽  
Tanawan Soimala ◽  
Saowakon Indoung ◽  
Jongkon Saising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in animals and humans. The study of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and its ability to produce biofilms is important to select the most suitable treatment. The prevalence and characteristics of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand were assessed. Results showed that 28.30% (15/53) of the isolates were MRSP. Amplification of the mecA gene was observed in 93.33% (14/15) MRSP. Methicillin-resistant strains revealed co-resistant patterns against other antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. In this study, all bacterial isolates produced biofilms, while 90.55% of S. pseudintermedius isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers. Most (45–60%) of the resistant strains were strong biofilm producers, while the correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance was not statistically significant. This is the first study in southern Thailand to investigate the drug-resistant profile of S. pseudintermedius and its ability to form biofilm. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Delfani ◽  
Faranak Rezaei ◽  
Setareh Soroush ◽  
Pegah Shakib
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Types

Background: Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns, antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM, mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types among the Staphylococcus cohniistrains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study,S. cohniiisolates were screened from the clinical samples from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran.Antimicrobial susceptibility test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion method, andresistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate test to detect the icaA and icaDgenes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCRmethod. Results: FromtwentyS. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of the S. cohnii was defined as multidrug resistance (MDR)strains. The ermB, ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene had the highest frequency.95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also, 4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore, the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypableSCCmecamong the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistantS. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Gene Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Healthy Edible Marine Fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Justine Fri ◽  
Henry A. Njom ◽  
Collins N. Ateba ◽  
Roland N. Ndip
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Thirty-three (33) isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from healthy edible marine fish harvested from two aquaculture settings and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, were characterised in this study. The phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles to 13 antibiotics were determined, and their antibiotic resistance determinants were assessed. A multiplex PCR was used to determine the epidemiological groups based on the type of SCCmec carriage followed by the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea-sed and the Panton Valentine leucocidin gene (pvl). A high antibiotic resistance percentage (67–81%) was observed for Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Rifampicin, and Clindamycin, while maximum susceptibility to Chloramphenicol (100%), Imipenem (100%), and Ciprofloxacin (94%) was recorded. Nineteen (58%) of the MRSA strains had Vancomycin MICs of ≤2 μg/mL, 4 (12%) with MICs ranging from 4–8 μg/mL, and 10 (30%) with values ≥16 μg/mL. Overall, 27 (82%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with Erythromycin-Ampicillin-Rifampicin-Clindamycin (E-AMP-RIP-CD) found to be the dominant antibiotic-resistance phenotype observed in 4 isolates. Resistance genes such as tetM, tetA, ermB, blaZ, and femA were detected in two or more resistant strains. A total of 19 (58%) MRSA strains possessed SCCmec types I, II, or III elements, characteristic of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), while 10 (30%) isolates displayed SCCmec type IVc, characteristic of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Six (18%) of the multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA were enterotoxigenic, harbouring the see, sea, or sec genes. A prevalence of 18% (6/33) was also recorded for the luk-PVL gene. The findings of this study showed that marine fish contained MDR-MRSA strains that harbour SCCmec types, characteristic of either HA-MRSA or CA-MRSA, but with a low prevalence of enterotoxin and pvl genes. Thus, there is a need for continuous monitoring and implementation of better control strategies within the food chain to minimise contamination of fish with MDR-MRSA and the ultimate spread of the bug.

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