scholarly journals Influence of the AquaCrop soil module on the estimation of soybean and maize crop yield in the State of Parana, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza ◽  
Stefanie Lais Kreutz Rosa ◽  
Karla Regina Piekarski ◽  
Rodrigo Yoiti Tsukahara
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Standard Scenario ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Soil Climate

The values of the physical-water attributes of soils for use in agricultural simulation models are usually obtained using difficult and time-consuming methods. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of the AquaCrop model to estimate soybean and maize crop productivity in the region of Campos Gerais (Brazil), with the option of including soil physical-water attributes in the model. Real crop productivities and input data (soil, climate, crop and soil management) were obtained from experimental stations of the ABC Foundation for the crop years 2006 to 2014. Sixty-four yield simulations were performed for soybean (four municipalities) and 42 for maize (three municipalities), evaluating input soil data scenarios of AquaCrop as follows: i) all soil physical-water attributes were measured (standard) and ii) the attributes were measured only using textural classification of the area (alternative). Real and simulated yields were verified by simple linear regression analyses and statistical indices (r, d, c). The standard scenario yielded performances between very good and excellent (0.75<c≤1.0) for soybean and between bad and excellent (0.40<c≤1.0) for maize. The alternative scenario was more variable, with performances between terrible and excellent (0.0<c≤1.0) for soybean and terrible and medium (0.0<c≤0.65) for maize. Using only the soil texture classification in AquaCrop indicated an easier way to estimate crop yields, but low performances may restrict estimates of soybean and maize yields in Campos Gerais.

scholarly journals Weed competition in maize crop under different timings for postemergence weed control

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
J. Mellsop
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Yields

The effect of early weed competition was determined for a maize (Zea mays) crop grown in Waikato Maize was established in three different environments viz weedy (no herbicide) grass weeds (preemergence atrazine) and broadleaf weeds (preemergence metolachlor) Surviving weeds were controlled with postemergence nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) after different periods of competition and the plots kept weed free for the remainder of the trial Weeds left completely uncontrolled for 4 weeks after emergence significantly reduced crop yields When a preemergence herbicide was used surviving weeds began to reduce maize yields after about 6 weeks with grasses having greater effect than broadleaf weeds The actual period before the weeds started affecting crop growth and yield appeared to be related to the time taken by the weeds to achieve complete ground cover

Robust method for estimating grain yield in western Kenya during the growing seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Mugalavai ◽  
Emmanuel C. Kipkorir
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Aquacrop Model

Uncertainties caused by climate change and population explosion require suitable methods for estimating grain yield during the growing seasons. This paper evaluates the applicability of the AquaCrop model in the region of western Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: simulate the long-term maize crop yields for the region using AquaCrop model for variable climate scenarios, and estimate the expected yield for the ongoing season. Climate was classified into below normal (&lt;x̅ − 1∂), normal (between x̅ − 1∂ and x̅ + 1∂) and above normal (&gt;x̅ + 1∂) conditions based on the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD) convention. Simulation of grain yield was based on model calibration results, periodic KMD forecasts and the long-term mean for the seasons. The calibrated model is able to estimate both long-term seasonal grain yield and expected harvest for the ongoing season based on climatic conditions that are compared with the long-term seasonal characteristics and complemented by meteorological forecasts. The ongoing season yield simulation was based on persistence theory of Markov processes whose results strongly correlated (r = 0.9) with actual seasonal observed yield.

scholarly journals Customized Fertilizers- An Artefact in Indian Agriculture: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Vidyashree ◽  
P. Murali Arthanari
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Climate

Indian agriculture is suffering from low crop productivity and poor sustainability as its land suffers from varying degrees of soil fertility depletion. There exists a wide gap between amount of nutrients removed by crops and added through fertilizers resulting in reduced yields is due to mineral deficiency. Besides, there are issues of poor fertilizer response and reduced fertilizer use efficiency. Therefore, the holistic approach should be soil-climate-crop specific. It is essential to supply both macro and micronutrients to cater the needs of the crop. As Indian soils are deficit in supplying nutrients especially nitrogen and zinc, customized fertilizer is one option, being a multi-nutrient carrier of both macro and micro nutrients, is tailored to meet the region, soil, crop specific needs designed through specialised smart fertilizer technology, manufactured through systematic granulation process. These, customized fertilizer boost crop yields and arrest soil fertility deterioration over long run in a sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Calibration and Validation of the AquaCrop Model to Estimate Maize Production in Campos Gerais, Paraná State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza ◽  
Cibelle Tamiris de Oliveira ◽  
Stefanie Lais Kreutz Rosa ◽  
Rodrigo Yoiti Tsukahara
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract Crop productivity evaluation with models simulations can help in the prediction of harvests and in the understanding of the interactions resulting from the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The aim of this study was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for maize crop in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Campos Gerais region, Paraná State, Brazil. The analyses were carried out for maize crop with model input data (climate, crop, soil and soil management) obtained from the ABC Foundation Experimental Station in Castro, Ponta Grossa and Socavão. The climate in the region is humid subtropical, with rainfall evenly distributed. The relief varies from flat to gently undulating. The period analyzed in the calibration and validation process comprised 2011 to 2016 and 2012 to 2016 harvests, respectively. The data used in the calibration of AquaCrop was different from those used in the validation process. Observed and simulated yields were evaluated by simple linear regression analyses, absolute and relative errors, correlation coefficient (r), concordance (d) and performance (c) indexes. The calibration of AquaCrop was satisfactory in the locations studied for maize crop, obtaining absolute errors varying from 6 to 121 kg ha–1. The highest calibration errors occurred in Castro. However, the errors were not enough to reduce the performance in the validation process for this localitie. The model validation resulted in “excellent” performance in all locations evaluated. The AquaCrop can be used to predict the maize yield with acceptable accuracy in the Campos Gerais Region, Paraná State, Brazil.

scholarly journals Irrigation Requirements and Yields of Maize Crop Under Future Climate in Some Cities of Northern Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Charveline Francine Donfack ◽  
Brice B. S. Wandjie ◽  
Andre Lenouo ◽  
David Monkam ◽  
Clement Tchawoua
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Regional Model ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Using meteorological data obtained from Regional Model (REMO), maize yields from the years 2020 to 2099 were simulated by AquaCrop Model in Maroua, Garoua and Ka&eacute;l&eacute;. These future yields are almost nil for the three cities. In view to determine the minimum quantities of water needed to improve them, the hypothesis of no water moisture stress was considered. For the four periods of 20 consecutive years (2020-2039, 2040-2059, 2060-2079 and 2080-2099), average yields of 5.21, 5.11, 4.97, and 4.73 ton/ha are obtained in Garoua, 5.05, 4.97, 4.64, and 3.87 ton/ha in Maroua and 4.91, 4.82, 4.51 and 3.69 t/ha in Ka&eacute;l&eacute;. The average quantities of water irrigation (also obtained with AquaCrop) for the same periods are 13, 19, 46 and 78 mm for Garoua; 34, 48, 84 and 147 mm for Maroua and 57, 68, 111 and 171 mm for Ka&eacute;l&eacute;. The yields by considering these irrigation water quantities are improved and the following values are obtained for the four periods indicated above: 5.20, 5.10, 4.99 and 4.82 ton/ha for Garoua; 5.10, 5.00, 4.78 and 4.35 ton/ha for Maroua and 4.99, 4.91, 4.75 and 4.50 ton/ha for Ka&eacute;l&eacute;.

Dynamics of Farm Power Sources and their Availability in Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM K. SUNDARAM ◽  
BIKAS SARKAR ◽  
PAWAN JEET ◽  
SANJAY KUMAR PATEL ◽  
ANUKUL P ANURAG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
National Average ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
North Western

The production levels of agriculture have remained low in eastern region of India mainly due to lack of location-specific production technologies, natural calamities like floods, water logging, drought, inadequate timely supply of critical inputs and social constraints. Bihar is one of the important agrarian states of Eastern India. The crop yields are low and almost stagnating in Bihar compared to the north-western and other parts of the country. To improve the productivity in this region mechanization of farms is of critical importance. The farm power availability in Bihar in 2017 is 2.80 kW/ha and is more than the national average of 2.03 kW/ha. Still there are 14 districts in Bihar which is below national average. The number of marginal farmers has increased from 84.18 to 91.21 during 2014-17, an increase of 7.03 percent. Increase in Small and fragmented land will further hindrance the farm mechanization process. The present study was conducted to understand dynamics of farm power availability in Bihar, so as to take substantial measures for improved mechanization and in turn crop productivity in the region.

scholarly journals The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Colbach ◽  
Sandrine Petit ◽  
Bruno Chauvel ◽  
Violaine Deytieux ◽  
Martin Lechenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
The Impact

The growing recognition of the environmental and health issues associated to pesticide use requires to investigate how to manage weeds with less or no herbicides in arable farming while maintaining crop productivity. The questions of weed harmfulness, herbicide efficacy, the effects of herbicide use on crop yields, and the effect of reducing herbicides on crop production have been addressed over the years but results and interpretations often appear contradictory. In this paper, we critically analyze studies that have focused on the herbicide use, weeds and crop yield nexus. We identified many inconsistencies in the published results and demonstrate that these often stem from differences in the methodologies used and in the choice of the conceptual model that links the three items. Our main findings are: (1) although our review confirms that herbicide reduction increases weed infestation if not compensated by other cultural techniques, there are many shortcomings in the different methods used to assess the impact of weeds on crop production; (2) Reducing herbicide use rarely results in increased crop yield loss due to weeds if farmers compensate low herbicide use by other efficient cultural practices; (3) There is a need for comprehensive studies describing the effect of cropping systems on crop production that explicitly include weeds and disentangle the impact of herbicides from the effect of other practices on weeds and on crop production. We propose a framework that presents all the links and feed-backs that must be considered when analyzing the herbicide-weed-crop yield nexus. We then provide a number of methodological recommendations for future studies. We conclude that, since weeds are causing yield loss, reduced herbicide use and maintained crop productivity necessarily requires a redesign of cropping systems. These new systems should include both agronomic and biodiversity-based levers acting in concert to deliver sustainable weed management.

Impact of Land Conservation Technologies on Agricultural Productivity in Tanzania

Utafiti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Onesmo Selijio
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Land management and conservation have been considered the most important aspects of sustainable productivity in economically developing countries where land degradation is a major challenge. In Tanzania, both the government and international organizations have been promoting adoption of land management and conservation technologies (LMCTs) for a long time. This paper establishes the impact of three LMCTs – soil water conservation technologies and erosion control (SWCEC), organic and inorganic fertilizers – on maize crop yields in different rainfall zones, using national panel survey data. The study employs static panel models to analyse the two-period data sets for 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. The results indicate that adoption of LMCTs do contribute significantly to maize yield. The greatest effects of organic and SWCEC methods on crop yield were realized in low rainfall zones, while that of inorganic fertilizers was observed in high rainfall zones. These findings support previous cross-sectional data analyses, suggesting for policy makers that a blanket land management and conservation programme applied uniformly to all agro-ecological zones is not strategically beneficial. The advisability of a technology employed in a given zone should be supported by local knowledge and research findings culled from that particular area.

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