scholarly journals Die Theaterszene des Rosswalder Schlosses zwischen 1750 und 1760 und ihre literaturhistorischen Metamorphosen

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Iveta Zlá
Keyword(s):  
The Enlightenment

The article is about mediating an involvement in the development of the Rosswald Castle Theater between 1750 and 1760. Attention is paid to the theater repertoire and the representation of the artistic atmosphere in the Rosswald Castle. Last but not least, the article outlines the role of the Rosswald sentimental garden, in which the dramas, operas and ballet performances were also located. The article points to the incorporation of creative impulses of Enlightenment into the repertoire of the Rosswald cultural scene. The focus of the investigation is on the activity of Johann Heinrich Friedrich Müller, who implemented the dramatic rules of the Enlightenment in the Rosswald Castle Theater.

How the Better Reason Wins

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-563
Author(s):  
Anne Pollok
Keyword(s):  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Individual Self

AbstractThis paper considers Mendelssohn’s attempt at a definition of Enlightenment in terms of Bildung, comprising the theoretical element of the enlightenment of reason with the practical requirements of culture. To avoid a possible dialectics of enlightenment, where the very methods one uses to enlighten harbour the seeds of new blindness, Mendelssohn advocates considering the lively connections between people, the role of traditions and personal relations in the formation of an individual self, and the connections we should have to our past, present, and future. Thus, his essay from 1784 can be read as an apt defence of a dialogical notion of freedom within the Enlightenment era.

scholarly journals “Civilizing” the Amazon: Amerindians and the Portuguese Crown’s Struggle for Sovereignty, 1650-1777

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-253
Author(s):  
Helena Nunes Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Economic Independence ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Native Policy

Abstract This article examines Portuguese colonization techniques in northern Brazil and subsequent changes during the regime of the Marquis of Pombal (1750-1777), which centred on restructuring defence, settlement, and the role of natives in the colonies. Focusing on the 1758 Indian Directorate, a collection of laws on native policy, the article examines how, despite the Enlightenment humanitarian trappings of the reform, it had a far more complex purpose than merely converting Indians into loyal subjects of the Portuguese crown. The legislation was just one part of a multi-faceted attempt to establish the crown’s sovereignty in the Amazon, which included taking power from the Jesuits, subjugating the natives, defining imperial territory, and asserting economic independence.

“Russian” Spengler and the Destiny of World History in Russian Philosophy in the Beginning of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
Alexandra I. Vakulinskaya
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
In The Beginning

This article deals with the history of Russian philosophers ‘acquaintance with the ideas of O. Spengler, set forth in his work “The Decline of the West”. The authors point out that the initial orientation of Russian thought towards Historiosophy, problems of history and ontology became the key factor of Spengler’s popularity in Russia. The article considers and analyzes critical and methodological approaches to the theory of cultural and historical types by O. Spengler and N. Ya. Danilevsky within the framework of Russian philosophical thought. The authors pay attention to the ideological influence of the United States as the country which adheres to the ideas of the Enlightenment, as well as to German thinkers, who visited this country in the early twentieth century. It is concluded that the global scenario of the human civilization development, that used to be the mainstream of its formation before the events of the beginning of this year, is unsuitable and untenable. The authors insist on the important role of the theory of cultural and historical types supported and developed by Russian emigration representatives, and focus on the importance of the religious factor in the process of cultural revival.

A ‘milky mass’ and ‘uniform material’: white marble in eighteenth-century French discourses on sculpture and geology

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Marthe Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Denis Diderot ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
White Marble ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Network

Knowledge of the materiality of stone during the Enlightenment expanded following the exploration of mineralogical structure, to alter ideas about taxonomy and challenge the role of rocks in the history of the earth. Close studies of the material of marble sculpture generated expertise on grain size, surface varieties and stone deposits. This mode of reception became intertwined with contemporary controversies about the age of the earth. This article focuses on both French sculpture and geological discourses of the eighteenth century to reveal an international and interdisciplinary network centring on protagonists such as Denis Diderot, Paul-Henri Thiry d’Holbach and Étienne-Maurice Falconet; through these figures, debates can be connected concerning both geology and art theory. Within these contexts, the article discusses the translation processes between these artistic and geological interests.

Paris and the Materialist Alternative

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-123
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Political Order ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Poor

This chapter traces the origins of the Enlightenment in France. The Enlightenment in France depended partially on foreign influences, generally coming from England and the Dutch Republic. That does not detract from the brilliance of its leading lights nor the courage of the denizens of its clandestine markets. All were eager to make a profit, to be sure, but they also wanted a different social and political order, a secular order with fewer churchmen, less censorship, more tolerance, and justice for the poor and oppressed. The chapter then studies the role of booksellers in revealing the nature of the Enlightenment, especially if they specialized in the materialist and pornographic and had the misfortune to be imprisoned in the Bastille for their illegal trade. The genre of materialist works must be broadly defined to include the rabidly anticlerical and anti-Catholic.

John Locke on Custom's Power and Reason's Authority

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth W. Grant
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Intellectual Independence

AbstractLocke stresses the power of custom in shaping opinion and behavior, though this aspect of his thought has been underappreciated. Recognizing its importance raises critical issues, particularly the relation between custom and reason and the role of authoritative custom in supporting political and social power. Locke explains in detail the various psychological and sociological mechanisms by which the power of custom is manifested; but he nonetheless consistently and emphatically rejects its authority. Instead, Locke is a champion of the authority of reason. Because custom is powerful, but reason is authoritative, Locke attempts to enlist the power of custom in the service of reason and of reasonable politics, and because custom is powerful and its impact unavoidable, individual intellectual independence cannot mean being without cultural prejudices. At best, it means the ability to gain some critical distance from them. These observations place Locke's relation to the Enlightenment in a new perspective.

Bragg's influence on progress in optical computations

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Optical Computation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Inverse Imaging

An attempt is made in this paper to indicate the impact that one small part of Sir Lawrence Bragg's gross contributions have had upon crystallography during his lifetime up to the age of eighty. The small part referred to is the growing field of optical computation. Since this paper is partly for the enlightenment of the reader as well as a salute to history, descriptions of five basic optical operations are given: I, addition; II, multiplication; III, reciprocation; IV, convolution and V, diffraction. The role of Bragg and his co-workers is woven into each description. Finally as an extrapolation, a further process is described: VI, inverse imaging.

Spiritual Meaning and Experimental Piety in the Exegesis of Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stievermann ◽  
Ryan P. Hoselton
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Cotton Mather ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
Historical Issues

Jan Stievermann and Ryan P. Hoselton consider the role of experiential piety in the exegesis of Cotton Mather and Jonathan Edwards. Both were deeply engaged in the new critical questions of their day, and both were also committed to nurturing religious piety—though they differed somewhat in how they handled these concerns. Although Mather was profoundly interested in the philological and historical issues in the Bible, he prioritized devotional and contemplative engagement with Scripture. Edwards, Stievermann and Hoselton argue, drew on the experimental language and philosophy of the Enlightenment to construct a case for the supernatural authority of the Bible against increasingly naturalistic arguments. Edwards held that one gains spiritual understanding as the Holy Spirit harmonizes the believer’s internal senses with the Word; this reconstruction affected Edwards’ approach to the emotive element in Scripture, the dynamism of typology, and the nature of the regenerate interpreter of the Bible.

Putting the Folk in Their Place

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ullrich Kockel
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Critical Understanding

The folk, who have been exorcised from contemporary academic concern, are now replaced with the populace. Simultaneously, places as ecological loci of meaning and social relations have been discarded in favour of globalised spaces. Arguably, the contemporary obsession with proving the inauthenticity of tradition is itself an essentialising discourse. This obsession has helped destroy places and their ecological relationships. European ethnology originated in the Enlightenment pursuit of good governance and social improvement, which rendered it an instrument of political control - putting the folk in their place. By critically reconstructing the public role of ethnology, we can redirect the ethnological searchlight. Should not the responsible ethnologist, rather than colluding in evictions of the folk from their place, cultivate a respectfully critical understanding of social, economic, political and ecological contexts, working with the folk reflexively, to help reclaim their place.

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