scholarly journals E-prescription in Poland - a preliminary report

E-methodology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
BARBARA GRABOWSKA ◽  
MARIOLA SEŃ ◽  
IWONA KLISOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Important Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Digital Version ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Standard Paper

Aim. Aim of the paper: to introduce the subject of e-prescription in Poland. E-prescription is a digital version of the previously used standard paper prescription. In Poland,professional arrangements were made, thanks to which it became possible to promotee-prescriptions in pharmacies and doctors’ surgeries throughout the country.Methods. The authors analyse how e-prescription is introduced in Poland. We appliedcomparative analysis (of eprescining in the European Union countries) , literature review(what are legal and technical constraints) and case study (how it was introduced in Poland).We showed the implementation of the e-Health (P1) system in Poland and describedthe use of the free application of the Ministry of Health. We presented preparations for theimplementation of digital health services by the Center for Health Information Systems(CSIOZ).Results and conclusion. For years in Poland, handwritten prescriptions used to be thepreferred method of communication for doctors when making decisions about therapywith medications and for pharmacists to distribute them. Nonetheless, over the last decade,interest in the subject of e-prescription, alongside other e-health solutions for processinghealth-related data, has increased. E-prescription is fi lled on the basis of a four-digit code,which we receive by text message sent to a given phone number or by email to an indicatedaddress. Alternatively, there is a possibility to obtain an information printout, dependingon the confi guration of our Patient Account. An important change introduced is that wedo not have to physically carry the printed prescription with us anymore. E-prescriptionprovides benefi ts for doctors, patients and pharmacists, such as: convenience, time saving,greater safety of the therapy, less risk of error, less bureaucracy. The main objectives of thee-prescribing system involve facilitation of the process of prescriptions delivery, reductionof errors, time optimisation for doctors and pharmacists and eliminating the problem ofillegible and fake prescriptions, which have so far been a common occurrence.Cognitive value. This article shows the process of introducing E-prescription in Poland.

Die Verjährung als Herausforderung für die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit in Strafsachen

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
The Eu

The statute of limitations for criminal offenses varies within the European Union. This raises considerable problems for cross-border cooperation in criminal matters. Overcoming them was the subject of a comparative law research project with the aim of developing a first harmonization proposal for the statute of limitations in the EU. The publication presents the most important research results including a comprehensive analysis of the statute of limitations for criminal offenses and sanctions in 14 countries. The comparative law cross-section evaluates similarities and differences and draws conclusions that resulted in a harmonization proposal. For this purpose, a case study on the statute of limitations for fraud provided valuable insights. An analysis of whether a human right to a statute of limitations can be justified completes the comparison. The cross-section and the harmonization proposal are also available in English. With contributions by Robert Esser, Michael Faure, Victor Gómez Martín, Walter Gropp, Livia Häberli, Samantha Halliday, Rita Haverkamp, Gudrun Hochmayr, Krisztina Karsai, André Klip, Thomas Kolb, Marek Kulik, Susan Lazer, Marianne Johanna Lehmkuhl, Renzo Orlandi, Theodoros Papakyriakou, Andres Parmas, Magdalena Pierzchlewicz, Angeliki Pitsela, Sophie Sackl, Helmut Satzger, Lyane Sautner, Leandro Schafer, Arndt Sinn, Jaan Sootak, Zsolt Szomora, Stephen Thaman, Julien Walther, Jan Wenk and Ann Wood.

scholarly journals Promotion of RES in a Technology Transfer Network. Case Study of the Enterprise Europe Network

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Małgorzata Luc ◽  
Anna Szeląg-Sikora ◽  
Jakub Sikora ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Industry

The promotion of renewable energy is a key concept in the European Union for both environmental and economic reasons. It contributes to securing the objectives set out in the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, it brings various social and economic benefits, e.g., diversification of the energy offer, new jobs, improvement of regional and local development opportunities and building a solid national industry. The main purpose of the article is to contribute to the debate on the instruments promoting renewable energy sources (RES) by emphasizing its importance within the technology transfer network. The subject is an empirical study of an actual technology transfer network. Its international activity promotes RES among entrepreneurs. Data related to meetings as part of brokerage events (BE) and company missions (CM) were subject to statistical and visual analysis, based on the data obtained from the Enterprise Europe Network from the years 2017–2018. The presented results are the foundation for future theoretical and practical studies. One of the important aspects to be examined is the intensity of cooperation launched during CM and BE. It is related to the results of partnership agreements and the importance of increasing the knowledge flow and creating opportunities for partners to acquire foreign technologies.

scholarly journals Religious Counseling: Dzikir untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan tentang Kematian Pasca Kecelakaan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Nadyya Nulhusni ◽  
Agung Prasetia ◽  
Deassy Wihanda
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Accident Victim ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Religious Counseling

Every individual must have experienced anxiety, both originating from within the individual and from outside the individual self. If anxiety is excessive, it is very bad for an individual's body, especially after an accident. Nowadays there are phenomena that occur in him that cause anxiety. Anxiety is a condition where a person experiences feelings of anxiety or anxiety and the activity of the autonomic nervous system in responding to an unclear and unspecified threat, and also indicates a state of apprehension or state of worry that complains that something bad is imminent. This can be fatal because the anxious feelings suffered by the individual stem from the loss of meaning in life. So, to overcome the anxiety of death experienced by these individuals, religious counseling is carried out using remembrance. Religious counseling is a help given to a person or a client who has a religious nuance, in order to understand oneself, namely to know oneself, to implement the goals and meaning of life, to form values that hold onto life and to develop as optimal potential as possible. Remembrance is a heart and verbal worship that knows no time limit. Therefore, it needs to be instilled in him to be patient in dealing with it, try to be sincere, carry out worship to the Almighty God so that the anxiety of death will recover. The problem with this research is how to overcome anxiety about death after an accident. The purpose of this study was to determine the anxiety of death after an accident with religious counseling using remembrance. This study uses a qualitative research method that uses a case study approach with the subject of one accident victim aged 21 years. The instrument in this study was observation, interviews and client related data. The results of this mini research study state that religious counseling using remembrance can change anxiety about death after an accident.

scholarly journals Financial Resources for the Investments in Renewable Self-Consumption in a Circular Economy Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6838
Author(s):  
Sabina Scarpellini ◽  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Pilar Portillo-Tarragona ◽  
Eva Llera-Sastresa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Carbon Economy

The availability of financial resources has been pointed out as one of the determining factors for the investment in renewable self-consumption solutions for the energy transition in the European Union. In economic terms, the barriers to investment are related to low levels of profitability and difficulties in accessing financing in some European regions. These barriers must be overcome to foster a sustainable energy transition. However, this topic of analysis is still underexplored in the literature to date. This study provides a characterisation of the financial resources applied to self-consumption from an economic–financial approach to the decision-making investors in a case study in Spain from a novel focus on the subject. The relevance of alternative financial resources as a mechanism to reduce existing barriers is revealed through the analysis of the active role that installers play in making investment decisions, facilitating the growth of self-consumption. The alternative financial channels and the bank intermediation for renewables are topics of interest to promote the energy transition towards a low-carbon economy.

scholarly journals The United Kingdom has spoken: The receding impact of European jurisprudence on the UK interpretation of the common VAT system

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Yige Zu ◽  
Richard Krever
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk

Post-Brexit, UK law conforming to Directives of the European Union such as the value added tax (VAT) Directive will remain in effect and UK courts will be permitted to consider decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) when interpreting that law. How UK common law courts, steeped in the tradition of the doctrine of precedent, will use CJEU judgments in the post-Brexit era has been the subject of much speculation. This article considers the question in the context of a case study, looking at the application by UK courts of CJEU decisions in an important area of VAT law, the treatment of customer loyalty plan benefits. The evidence suggests that, even prior to Brexit, UK courts had started to pursue a separate path, declining to follow CJEU precedents that yielded clearly inappropriate policy outcomes. If the results of the case study are replicated more widely in UK rulings, it can be expected that the influence of CJEU judgments may taper off where formalistic and literalist CJEU interpretations have led to outcomes inconsistent with the recognized policy intent of UK law.

Determinants and barriers of PV self-consumption in Spain from the perception of the installers for the promotion of distributed energy systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transition Scenario

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.

Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Elections

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.

The state of democracy in the European Union in scenarios: federation, empire and Europe à la carte

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-108
Author(s):  
Marta Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu ◽  
A La Carte

The aim of the article is to present possible scenarios on maintaining democracy in the EU, while assuming different hypothetical directions in which it could develop as a federation, empire and Europe à la carte. Selected mechanisms, norms and values of the EU system that are crucial for the functioning of democracy in the European Union are the subject of this research. The abovementioned objective of scenario development is achieved through distinguishing the notions of policy, politics and polity in the research. In the analysis of the state of democracy in the European Union both the process (politics) and the normative approach (policy) have been adopted. The characterised norms, structures, values and democratic procedures in force in the EU will become a reference point for the projected scenarios. The projection refers to a situation when the existing polity transforms into a federation, empire or Europe à la carte. The article is to serve as a projection and is a part of a wider discussion on the future of the basis on which the European Union is build.

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

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