Maxim the Confessor about Perfect Love

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximus The Confessor ◽  
Small Work ◽  
The Way

Introduction. The subject of study in the article was the experience of the ascent of the famous Byzantine theologian to the mystical-metaphysical contemplation of divine reality, embodied in his book “Chapters on Love”. According to the Orthodox version of the metaphysics of the Way, this ultimate goal can be achieved during life only in the process of hard and practical work of an ascetic, during which the task is set not only to kill worldly desires, but also to ultimately spiritual and moral purification of the monk’s soul. In this small work, Maxim the Confessor described in detail the technology of advancing an ascetic to the last stop and staying in a blissful state of perfect love for God. Materials and Methods. The source of the research was the works of the ancient Indian, Orthodox and Sufi ascetics, which are different versions of the metaphysics of the Way. During the work, mainly thematic and transcendental analysis methods were used, which together made it possible to track the desire of Maxim the Confessor to describe and comprehend the ascent of the Orthodox monk to the mystical-metaphysical contemplation of the Lord. Discussion. The author of the article in numbered and distributed throughout the chapters of the statements of the Byzantine theologian revealed a complex system of mystical and metaphysical views, which can be called the metaphysical theory of theology. From the point of view of modern methodology and philosophy of science, he created effective theoretical constructs “pure mind”, “perfect love”, “selfishness”, “thoughts” and others, which together fully describe the mystical existential reality of a harsh Orthodox monk, which is difficult to reflect by means of language. However, his reasoning is not speculative thoughts. It is quite obvious to the researcher that they are based on rich personal experience and other prominent ascetics of Byzantine Orthodoxy. Results. The study of the soulful book of Maximus the Confessor “Chapters on Love” allows you to advance in understanding one of the most important and the most difficult moments of the Orthodox version of the metaphysics of the Way.

Touching Photographs: Roland Barthes's ''Mistaken'' Identification

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Olin
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Child ◽  
Camera Lucida ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mistaken Identification ◽  
The Way

IN CAMERA LUCIDA, ROLAND BARTHES'S subject is the significance of photography's defining characteristic: the photograph's inseparable relation to its subject, that which ''must have been'' in front of the camera's lens. Or so it would seem. The present reading of Camera Lucida argues that Barthes's essay actually shows photography's nature as dependent not only on the intimate relation to its object, commonly termed ''indexical,'' but in accord with its relation to its user, its beholder. An examination of Barthes's encounters with photographs in Camera Lucida reveals the way in which identification and misidentification figure into the viewing of images, and suggests that contact between the beholder and the photograph actually eclipses the relation between the photograph and its subject. Barthes's focus on the emotional response of the viewer disguises the fact that he misidentified key details in Camera Lucida's photographs, most significantly in a 1927 portrait by James Van Der Zee and in the ''Winter Garden Photograph.'' This latter photograph of Barthes's recently deceased mother as a small child is famously not illustrated in the book. This essay argues that it is fictional. These ''mistakes'' suggest that Camera Lucida undermines its ostensible basis in indexicality. The subject did not have to be in front of the camera after all. The present rereading of the text from this point of view articulates a notion of performativity according to which the nature of the contact that exists between the image and the viewer informs the way an image is understood. Barthes's desire to find his mother again through her photograph to a large extent acts out his desire to re(per)form and make permanent his relation to her, a desire that he elucidates in the process of describing his search for her picture and his reaction to it when he finds it. This performative element is charged with identification; the person the narrator (Barthes) seeks, in his mother, is himself. A close analysis of the ''Winter Garden Photograph,'' as described by Barthes, shows how performances of identification are inscribed with gender and familial configurations.

What is a “difficult poem”? Towards a definition

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Yaron
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

AbstractModern poetry developed and transformed difficulty into a prominent aesthetic norm of poetry. The abundance of difficult poetic texts necessitates a study of the corpus. After differentiating between the way difficulty is perceived in poetry and in other communicative acts, I present the approach that I have adopted for the purpose of studying difficult poetry. In contrast to other studies which have examined difficulty from the author's perspective and, as a consequence, described factors that cause textual difficulty, I propose to examine the subject from the reader's point of view. The reader, after all, is the one who feels or does not feel the difficulty. The concept ‘difficult poem’ is necessarily interdisciplinary and the question of what is “difficult” involves cognitive psychology and its models of text comprehension. Following a discussion of these domains, I present the “definition” that I propose for the ‘difficult poem’.

scholarly journals A Tutela do Animal Doméstico no Âmbito das Constituições Federais Brasileiras de 1824 a 1988

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Nilsen Aparecida Vieira Marcondes
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Objetiva-se discutir neste breve intróito retrospectivo de revisão de normatizações constitucionais pátrias a tutela do animal doméstico. Esta síntese reflexiva sobre a tutela do animal doméstico brasileiro no âmbito constitucional se apresenta quanto à forma de abordagem do assunto, como qualitativo, no que tange a modalidade investigativa como básico, do ponto de vista de seus objetivos, como descritivo, com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, qualifica-se como documental e bibliográfico. Conclui-se que os delineamentos, os limites, bem como os avanços na conquista da tutela animal e consequentemente do animal doméstico demonstram o quanto o reconhecimento de tal questão é socialmente construído. Além disso, a expansão, a solidificação e o desenvolvimento contínuo também da vida humana e da sociedade implicam necessariamente na preservação e na ampliação de acesso um direito fundamental nominalmente reconhecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado no qual se insere evidentemente a fauna, ou seja, os animais domésticos, domesticados, silvestres e exóticos. Palavras-chave: Animal Doméstico. Tutela. Constituições Federais. Brasil.  AbstractThe objective of this brief retrospective introjective review of constitutional norms is to discuss the protection of domestic animals. This reflexive synthesis about the protection of the Brazilian domestic animal in the constitutional scope presents itself as to the way of approaching the subject, as qualitative, in what refers to the research modality as basic, from the point of view of its objectives, as descriptive, with respect to the procedures technicians, qualifies as documentary and bibliographical. It is concluded that the delineations, the limits, as well as the advances in the conquest of the animal guardianship and consequently of the domestic animal demonstrate how much the recognition of such question is socially constructed. In addition, the expansion, solidification and continuous development of human life and society necessarily imply the preservation and expansion of access to a fundamental right nominally recognized by the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a right to an environmentally balanced environment in which the animal, domesticated, wild and exotic animals. Keywords: Domestic Animals. Guardianship. Federal Constitutions. Brasil.

scholarly journals Multiverse—Too Much or Not Enough?

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heller
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Infinite Number ◽  
Category Theory ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anthropic Principle ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Einstein's Equations ◽  
If Logic ◽  
The Way

The aim of this essay is to look at the idea of the multiverse—not so much from the standpoint of physics or cosmology, but rather from a philosophical perspective. The modern story of the multiverse began with Leibniz. Although he treated “other worlds” as mere possibilities, they played an important role in his logic. In a somewhat similar manner, the practice of cosmology presupposes a consideration of an infinite number of universes, each being represented by a solution to Einstein’s equations. This approach prepared the way to the consideration of “other universes” which actually exist, first as an auxiliary concept in discussing the so-called anthropic principle, and then as real universes, the existence of which were supposed to solve some cosmological conundrums. From the point of view of the philosophy of science, the question is: Could the explanatory power of a multiverse ideology compensate for the relaxation of empirical control over so many directly unobservable entities? It is no surprise that appealing to a possibly infinite number of “other universes” in order to explain some regularities in our world would seem “too much” for a self-disciplined philosopher. With no strict empirical control at our disposal, it is logic that must be our guide. Also, what if logic changes from one world to another in the multiverse? Such a possibility is suggested by the category theory. From this point of view, our present concepts of the multiverse are certainly “not enough”. Should this be read as a warning that the learned imagination can lead us too far into the realms of mere possibilities?

Operational Flying

1947 ◽  
Vol 51 (442) ◽  
pp. 831-850
Author(s):  
F. M. A. Torrens–Spence
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Topical Interest ◽  
The Way

The title “Operational Flying” gives considerable latitude, although a title such as “Naval Air Operations” would be more descriptive. I propose to spend rather less than half my time talking about operations with which I was personally connected. One reason for this is that my experience of firstline flying did not extend beyond the end of 1941 and therefore can hardly be considered to be of topical interest.After that I will say something on the subject of Naval air operations as a whole. I will also touch on such points as ship-based flying from the pilot's point of view; the way in which the carrier is fitted in as part of the fleet; the relative merits of ship– and shore-based aircraft in different circumstances; the so–called vulnerability of the carrier; and finally, a brief outline of the current types of aircraft in service and. of the capacity of a typical carrier from which they would operate.

scholarly journals Educación a distancia y aprendizaje personalizado adaptativo

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Agustín Francisco Gutiérrez-Tornés ◽  
Alejandro Canales-Cruz ◽  
Juana Inés Zambrano-Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Information ◽  
Educación A Distancia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
The Way

The present work is situated in the field of virtual distance education and more specifically in one of the technologies, whose use has increased exponentially. They are the recommendation systems, which are now used in education as a complementary support in the platforms designed to provide learning resources in a more personalized way. The way in which students perceive, codify, remember, understand and solve problems is different between each one. This task has proved a real challenge, both logistic and theoretical, and the arrival of new information technologies is emerging as the most promising option to project and carry it out. The investigations that have been carried out specifically in the subject show a very marked methodological problem. The way in which its effect has been evaluated, especially in relation to the learning process, has not been from any point of view, rigorous or exhaustive. In general, they only resort to obtaining opinions from students about how they perceive that the use of such systems benefited this process. It seems important to know in greater depth and precision the way in which learning is enhanced with this specific form of technology.

Interactioneel Leraarsgedrag In Relatie Tot Het Schoolvak

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Th. Wubbels ◽  
H.A. Créton ◽  
H.P. Hooymayers
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teacher Trainers ◽  
The Way

In this paper we describe findings concerning a limited part of teacher behaviour namely relational skills. These skills are of vital importance if a teacher is to create a good classroom atmosphere. On the basis of theories of Leary (1957) and Watzlawick et al. (1968) we have constructed a model that describes relational aspects of teacher behaviour. This model focusses on teacher behaviour as revealed in teacher pupil interactions. These interactions are analysed by means of the system theory of communication. We have investigated teacher behaviour as observed by teachers and pupils, with the help of an instrument called 'The Questionnaire for Interactional Teacher Behaviour'. It is found that from the pupils' point of view good teachers are distinguished from bad teachers by the amount of kindness and understanding they show, their helpfulness and the way they manage a class. We also investigated the behaviour that teachers themselves wish to display. They agree about the need to be kind, helpful and understanding but differ in the amount of strict behaviour they want to display and in the amount of freedom and independence they want to give to pupils. We also investigated with this questionnaire the teacher behaviour of teachers who teach different subjects. It is found that pupils consider modern language teachers in particular to behave differently from other teachers; they are stricter, less kind and give less independence to pupils. This different behaviour of modern language teachers may be due to the structure of the subject matter, or to the way in which languages are taught at universities to future teachers. We think teacher trainers should be concerned with our findings because when teachers, and particularly language teachers, become older they seem to have increasing difficulty in creating and maintaining an adequate relationship with their pupils.

Vasily Polenov: Conversation with the Soul

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Rostova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Landscape Painting ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The article examines the work of Vasily Polenov. The author presents Polenov’s artistic path as the dramatic choice between what is commonly called genre and landscape painting. From the philosophical point of view, the problem consists in concept of understanding art. On the one hand, the essence of art can be reduced to «what», to writing a story, a big sense. On the other hand, art can be understood as «painting for painting’s sake». In this sense, the tension in Polenov’s work arises between the paintings «Moscow Courtyard» and «Christ and the Sinner». The author notes that the way out of this dilemma is to understand art as the subject that reflects the non-objectifiable and devoid of anything essence. The article analyzes the philosophical meaning of Polenov’s paintings of the gospel cycle and provides a philosophical analysis of the artist’s nostalgic paintings. The author comes to the conclusion that Polenov’s paintings are the form that establishes an emotionally experiencing human being

Mythological Themes in Artworks of Ernests Brastins and Arvids Brastins

2014 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Austra Celmiņa-Ķeirāne
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Visual Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

The aim of the study is to analyse artwork of Ernests Brastins (1892-1942) and Arvids Brastins (1893-1984) from the point of view of content and iconology, and the formal structure of work, which helps to reveal the author’s ideological direction. Using the comparative method, the visual text (artwork) is compared to the verbal (folklore) text, in an attempt to find parallels to the way they reflect Latvian mythological conceptions. An appropriate folksongs and beliefs are chosen for the artwork selected for the analysis, which serve as an explanatory material for the subject. The elements included in the work compositions are analyzed in the context of Latvian symbolic representations of natural phenomenon, godheads of pagan religion of pre-Christianity and ethical values.

Advertising to the Herd

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Earls
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

‘This paper is born out of a feeling that something is not right with the way the word ‘consumer’ is used nowadays. This word must surely be one of the most frequently used in the lexicon of advertising, marketing and research language. Yet it has not been subject to the huge attention or to the rigour of analysis as has the word ‘brand’ This paper is charged with the same sense of dissatisfaction. A feeling that there is more to be said about the subject. A frustration with the current models (including that proposed by Valentine and Gordon's insightful paper) for missing some big and important truths about how human beings are. And the belief that these ‘missing truths’ might contribute to a significantly more insightful and effective approach to marketing and market research. In particular, it is suggested that the most important characteristic of mankind is that of a herd-animal, not a lone individual. This point of view is supported by learnings from a range of fields. The evidence for the herd perspective (and against the individualist one) is necessarily woven together like a patchwork that encompasses all of the key issues. It is able to shed new light on many phenomena which researchers and planners repeatedly encounter and debate (like rapidly changing and stable markets, the value and mechanics of mass advertising and the debate about relationships between behaviour and attitudes. The paper concludes with an examination of the challenges this perspective offers to all researchers.

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