scholarly journals The current state of the methods for calculating global illumination in tasks of realistic computer graphics

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir Frolov ◽  
Alexey Gennadievich Voloboy ◽  
Sergey Valentinovich Ershov ◽  
Vladimir Alexandrovich Galaktionov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Illumination ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Light Transport ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Survey Papers

Modern realistic computer graphics are based on light transport simulation. In this case, one of the main and difficult to calculate tasks is to calculate the global illumination, i.e. distribution of light in a virtual scene, taking into account multiple reflections and scattering of light and all kinds of its interaction with objects in the scene. Hundreds of publications and describing dozens of methods are devoted to this problem. In this state-of-the-art review, we would like not only to list and briefly describe these methods, but also to give some “map” of existing works, which will allow the reader to navigate, understand their advantages and disadvantages, and, thereby, choose a right method for themselves. Particular attention is paid to such characteristics of the methods as robustness and universality in relation to the used mathematical models, the transparency of the method verification, the possibility of efficient implementation on the GPU, as well as restrictions imposed on the scene or illumination phenomena. In contrast to the existing survey papers, not only the efficiency of the methods is analyzed, but also their limitations and the complexity of software implementation. In addition, we provide the results of our own numerical experiments with various methods that serve as illustrations for the conclusions.

scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art in Non-Contact Sensing for COVID-19

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5665
Author(s):  
William Taylor ◽  
Qammer H. Abbasi ◽  
Kia Dashtipour ◽  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Syed Aziz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Contact Sensing

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic recently. With no approved vaccination or treatment, governments around the world have issued guidance to their citizens to remain at home in efforts to control the spread of the disease. The goal of controlling the spread of the virus is to prevent strain on hospitals. In this paper, we focus on how non-invasive methods are being used to detect COVID-19 and assist healthcare workers in caring for COVID-19 patients. Early detection of COVID-19 can allow for early isolation to prevent further spread. This study outlines the advantages and disadvantages and a breakdown of the methods applied in the current state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the paper highlights some future research directions, which need to be explored further to produce innovative technologies to control this pandemic.

scholarly journals Natural language interfaces to databases – an introduction

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Androutsopoulos ◽  
G.D. Ritchie ◽  
P. Thanisch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Natural Language Interfaces ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Database Updates ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper is an introduction to natural language interfaces to databases (NLIDBS). A brief overview of the history of NLIDBS is first given. Some advantages and disadvantages of NLIDBS are then discussed, comparing NLIDBS to formal query languages, form-based interfaces, and graphical interfaces. An introduction to some of the linguistic problems NLIDBS have to confront follows, for the benefit of readers less familiar with computational linguistics. The discussion then moves on to NLIDB architectures, portability issues, restricted natural language input systems (including menu-based NLIDBS), and NLIDBS with reasoning capabilities. Some less explored areas of NLIDB research are then presented, namely database updates, meta-knowledge questions, temporal questions, and multi-modal NLIDBS. The paper ends with reflections on the current state of the art.

scholarly journals State of the art of windthermal turbines: A systematic scoping review of direct wind-to-heat conversion technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Malte Neumeier ◽  
Maximilian Cöster ◽  
Robin Adriano Marques Pais ◽  
Stefan Levedag
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Wind Energy Conversion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Abstract Windthermal turbines convert wind directly into thermal energy. Albeit it is an uncharted field of research, the overall system efficiency and costs of fully developed windthermal turbines are promising; since they can contribute to a sustainable energy transition. We identify the current state of the art of windthermal conversion principles, technology maturity, applications, substitutes, advantages and disadvantages. To scope relevant literature, we follow the Joanna Briggs Institutes selection and screening process resulting in 61 relevant publications from which we identified three main conversion types, namely compression-, friction-, and induction-based windthermal devices. These devices can directly supply thermal energy for space heating or industrial processes, work as a component of wind-powered thermal energy systems, short WTES, or can substitute any conventional or renewable heat device. Although heat is the lowest form of energy, windthermal applications could provide cheap renewable energy that can be stored easily enhancing security of supply. However, these technologies are currently on laboratory-scale, and we suggest scaling up the existing prototypes to engineering-scale. Finally, due to a missing general terminology, we propose to establish one of the terms windthermal energy, ventothermal energy or anemothermal energy to distinguish these specific wind energy conversion technologies.

Computer graphics in the cockpit

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Erik Theunissen ◽  
Tim Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Image Generation ◽  
Design Rationale ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Synthetic Vision ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electronic Displays ◽  
Medium System ◽  
System Requirements

Spatially integrated data presentation for electronic flight displays was first proposed over forty years ago. Yet, in current state-of-the-art cockpits, only 2-D instruments are depicted on the electronic displays. The first part of this paper will discuss today’s state-of-the-art in 3-D computer graphics in relation to the graphics used in today’s electronic flight displays and illustrate how properties of the display medium, system requirements, image generation capabilities and current practices influence the design. The second part will discuss the design rationale behind a synthetic vision display format in the light of the requirements and constraints.

“Flipping” Course of Engineering Geometry and Computer Graphics

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марианна Воронина ◽  
Marianna Voronina ◽  
О. Мороз ◽  
O. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Strategy Research ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State

This study’s urgency is determined by absence of serious researches in the usage area of «flipped» learning model (FLM) applied to engineering geometry and computer graphics (EGCG); by absence of scientifically-based, tested and implemented programs and learning materials for EGCG FLM; as well as by the need for development of new modern tools to support classroom work and forms of students’ individual work. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of knowledge and practice of existing EGCG courses, using the FLM concept as the main pedagogical strategy. Research methods are pedagogical experiment, expert assessment, cluster analysis. Problem state: since 2012 the FLM approach has gained popularity not only in schools but also in engineering universities. FLM presents opportunities for solutions of complex pedagogic problems in engineering education, but creates some difficulties in model implementation preparing. Most of based on the FLM researches in the area of engineering education have been conducted on the basis of short-term studies, and on feedback from professors and students and their reviews. Theoretical and practical contribution of materials: this paper represents a synthesis of qualitative and quantitative researches on engineering courses using the FLM. The study has demonstrated that the issues of EGCG FLM have not been investigated in the scientific and methodological literature. Has been identified students relation to the FLM, as well as to the role of learning materials and professor’s personality in the FLM. Advantages and disadvantages of the FLM have been revealed, and recommendations on students training have been presented. Study significance: the study has proved the absence of scientifically-based, tested and implemented programs and learning materials for students learning on EGCG using FLM. To create reasonable theoretical bases for pedagogy in the area of EGCG FLM, as well as corresponding evaluation methods it is necessary to conduct further scientific researches examining various aspects related to practical implementation of long-term programs and learning materials. This paper’s materials can be useful for lecturers of technical universities.

Survey of applications, challenges and opportunities in fog computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irfan Bala ◽  
Mohammad Ahsan Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Current State ◽  
Survey Papers ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Purpose Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable latency, bandwidth constraints, security and mobility. This paper aims to provide detailed survey in the field of fog computing covering the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Design/methodology/approach Cloud was developed for IT and not for Internet of Things (IoT); as a result, cloud is unable to meet the computing, storage, control and networking demands of the IoT applications. Fog is a companion for the cloud and aims to extend the cloud capabilities to the edge of the network. Findings Lack of survey papers in the area of fog computing was an important motivational factor for writing this paper. This paper highlights the capabilities of the fog computing and where it fits in between IoT and cloud. This paper has also presented architecture of the fog computing model and its characteristics. Finally, the challenges in the field of fog computing have been discussed in detail which need to be overcome to realize its full potential. Originality/value This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. It also includes challenges and opportunities in the fog computing and various possible solutions to overcome those challenges.

ON THE PERFORMANCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT OF ADDING MEMORY CONTROLLERS IN MULTI-CORE PROCESSORS

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 341-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE CARLOS SANCHO ◽  
DARREN J. KERBYSON ◽  
MICHAEL LANG
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Memory Controller ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Technological Impact

The increasing core-count on current and future processors is posing critical challenges to the memory subsystem to efficiently handle concurrent memory requests. The current trend is to increase the number of memory channels available to the processor's memory controller. In this paper we investigate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach from both a technological and an application performance viewpoint. In particular, we explore the trade-off between employing multiple memory channels per memory controller and the use of multiple memory controllers with fewer memory channels. Experiments conducted on two current state-of-the-art multi-core processors, a 6-core AMD Istanbul and a 4-core Intel Nehalem-EP, using the STREAM benchmark and a wide range of production applications. An analytical model of the STREAM performance is used to illustrate the diminishing return obtained when increasing the number of memory channels per memory controller whose effect is also seen in the application performance. In addition, we show that this performance degradation can be efficiently addressed by increasing the ratio of memory controllers to channels while keeping the number of memory channels constant. Significant performance improvements can be achieved in this scheme, up to 28%, in the case of using two memory controllers each with one channel compared with one controller with two memory channels.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Platelet monitoring for PCI

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Capodanno ◽  
D. J. Angiolillo
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

SummaryDespite the clinical benefit associated with the combined use of aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, a considerable interindividual variability in response to these drugs have been consistently reported. There is a growing interest on applying platelet functional tests with the goal of identifying patients at increased risk of recurrent ischaemic events and potentially tailoring antiplatelet treatment regimens.This manuscript will review the state of the art on the most commonly available platelet functional tests, describing their advantages and disadvantages and exploring their applicability in clinical practice.

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