scholarly journals Recent Advanced of Multiple Unite Pellet System (MUPS) Technology in Formulation of Pharmaceutical Products: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 20202-20214
Author(s):  
V. K . Chatap ◽  
Deshbandhu Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Route ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
User Friendly

The oral route of drug administration is the most important and most user-friendly route of administration. In recent years, Multiple Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) tablets are widely used in solid dosage form design. MUPS is considered to provide pharmacokinetic advantages compared to monolithic dosage forms. Combination of drug substances and release profiles can be provided by formulating the MUPS tablets with different pellet qualities or combining pellets with drugs in powder or granulated form. MUPS tablet contains several hundred of coated pellets of active pharmaceutical ingredients which delivered the drug at predetermined rate and absorption to provide constant blood profile. MUPS are easily administered as disintegratable tablet which disperse into their subunits across the stomach and the small intestine, leading to predictable oral transition and constant bioavailability.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ASPIRIN RELEASE FROM MATRIX PELLETS COMPRESSED INTO MUPS TABLET

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Inert Matrix ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Tablet Press ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
User Friendly

MUPS (Multiple Unit Pellets System): The oral route of drug administration is the most important and most user-friendly route of administration. In recent years, Multiple Unit Pellet Systems (MUPS) tablets are widely used in solid dosage form design. MUPS is considered to provide pharmacokinetic advantages compared to monolithic dosage forms. Typically, modified release pellets are contained in MUPS tablets. Modified release drug delivery systems have acquired very important role in pharmaceutical research and development.1 1.1Advantages of Compaction of MUPS over Conventional Modified-Release Tablets and/or Pellet-Filled Capsules and Tablets. The compression of multiparticulates into tablets, unlike the hard gelatin capsule, is a tamper-proof dosage form and has greater physicochemical and   microbiological stability of pellets as they are embedment in the inert matrix. Tablets have less difficulty in esophageal transport than capsules. Tablets containing coated subunits can be prepared at a lower cost than these subunits filled into hard gelatin capsules because of higher production rate of the tablet press. The expensive control of capsule integrity after filling is also eliminated. In addition, tablets containing multiparticulates without losing the controlled-release properties could be scored, which allow a more flexible dosage regimen.

US trade policy is putting at risk the sustainability of the generic/biosimilar industry and the drug supply chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 174113432199431
Author(s):  
María Fabiana Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Us Trade Policy ◽  
Drug Supply Chain ◽  
Security Concern ◽  
The U.S

With the outbreak of the Coronavirus there is a new realization of the vulnerabilities of the U.S. drug supply chain. However, while such concerns may have been amplified by the pandemic, they preceded Covid-19 and were well documented before 2020. Indeed, in past years the U.S. Congress held several hearings addressing potential vulnerabilities in the U.S. drug supply chain, in part due to the increasing dependency on China as a dominant supplier of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and some finished pharmaceutical products. These vulnerabilities go well beyond health policy and constitute a national security concern. The article addresses how U.S. trade policy plays a significant role in shaping the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad and is in part responsible for some of the current vulnerabilities of the U.S. drug supply chain.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Metabolism: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8224
Author(s):  
Rahul Patel ◽  
James Barker ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Incubation Condition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Form Design ◽  
The Right

Conclusions from previously reported articles have revealed that many commonly used pharmaceutical excipients, known to be pharmacologically inert, show effects on drug transporters and/or metabolic enzymes. Thus, the pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) of active pharmaceutical ingredients are possibly altered because of their transport and metabolism modulation from the incorporated excipients. The aim of this review is to present studies on the interaction of various commonly-used excipients on pre-systemic metabolism by CYP450 enzymes. Excipients such as surfactants, polymers, fatty acids and solvents are discussed. Based on all the reported outcomes, the most potent inhibitors were found to be surfactants and the least effective were organic solvents. However, there are many factors that can influence the inhibition of CYP450, for instance type of excipient, concentration of excipient, type of CYP450 isoenzyme, incubation condition, etc. Such evidence will be very useful in dosage form design, so that the right formulation can be designed to maximize drug bioavailability, especially for poorly bioavailable drugs.

scholarly journals Cellulose Nanocrystals Preparation as Pharmaceuticals Excipient : a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Margaretha Efa Putri ◽  
Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa ◽  
Marline Abdassah
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Different Characteristics

Cellulose nanocrystals is a cellulose derivates which has been widely researched and observed as an chemical agent. Different with cellulose that has been widely used as pharmaceutical excipient especially in solid dosage form, cellulose in nanocrystals form is not available in pharmaceutical grade. Cellulose nanocrystals have different characteristics and quality which is depend on its preparation including sourcing, isolation procedure, and hydrolysis reaction involved. This difference is very important to deeply observed its impact in pharmaceutical dosage form with different active ingredients. In addition, cellulose nanocrystals should meet FDA requirement as pharmaceutical excipient. This review  describe cellulose nanocrystals preparation and its characteristics, its application to active pharmaceutical ingredients, and its properties in order to meet FDA requirement.Keywords: Cellulose, nanocrystals, pharmaceutical excipient

scholarly journals Characterization of Potentized (Homeopathic, Anthroposophical and Antihomotoxic) Medicines Registered and Notified In Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-35
Author(s):  
Robelma Frande de Oliveira Marques ◽  
Ana Cecília Bezerra Carvalho ◽  
Marco Antonio Costa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Route ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Brazilian Legislation

Background: Potentized medicines include, according to the Brazilian legislation, homeopathic, anthroposophic, and antihomotoxic medicine and are regulated by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Aim: This study aims to analyze and describe a profile of potentized medicines manufactured in Brazil, either registered or notified. Methodology: Information was obtained by data analysis related to ANVISA’s electronic medicine registration system. Results: The results, obtained as of September 2012, showed that 106 potentized medicines were registered and 519 were notified. Among the registered medicines, 92.0% were combined and 100.0% of the notified were simple medicines. For registered medicines, there were equivalent manufacturing scales among them, whereas for notified medicines, there was a predominance of centesimal scales. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) of vegetal origin were the most commonly used for potentized medicine manufacturing processes; the oral route was the most common form of administration. Potentized medicines manufacturing units are more often located in southeast region of Brazil. In addition, homeopathic medicines prevail as registered or notified medicines, followed by anthroposophic medicines. Conclusions: The results of the study are expected to be useful as reference material for ANVISA to improve its regulatory activity as well the industry sector and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals Recovery of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients from Unused Solid Dosage-Form Drugs

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (45) ◽  
pp. 29147-29157
Author(s):  
Dhanang Edy Pratama ◽  
Wen-Chen Hsieh ◽  
Ahmed Elmaamoun ◽  
Hung Lin Lee ◽  
Tu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage

scholarly journals Risk of error estimated from Palestine pharmacists’ knowledge and certainty on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Shawahna ◽  
Mohammed Al-Rjoub ◽  
Mohammed M Al-Horoub ◽  
Wasif Al-Hroub ◽  
Bisan Al-Rjoub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists’ knowledge and certainty of adverse effects and contraindications of pharmaceutical products to estimate the risk of error. Factors influencing their knowledge and certainty were also investigated. Methods: The knowledge of community pharmacists was assessed in a cross-sectional design using a multiple-choice questions test on the adverse effects and contraindications of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients from May 2014 to March 2015. Self-rated certainty scores were also recorded for each question. Knowledge and certainty scores were combined to estimate the risk of error. Results: Out of 315 subjects, 129 community pharmacists (41.0%) completed the 30 multiple-choice questions test on active ingredients and excipients. Knowledge on active ingredients was associated with the year of graduation and obtaining a licence to practice pharmacy. Knowledge on excipients was associated with the degree obtained. There was higher risk of error in items on excipients than those on ingredients (P< 0.01). Conclusion: The knowledge of community pharmacists in Palestine was insufficient with high risk of errors. Knowledge of community pharmacists on the safety issues of active ingredients and excipients need to be improved.

scholarly journals Analysis of Benzenoid Substitution Patterns in Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nilova ◽  
David Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Aromatic Substitution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Drug Substances

An analysis of benzenoid substitution patterns in small molecule active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) approved by the FDA reveals a preference for 1,4-substituted (<i>para</i>), 1-substituted (<i>mono</i>), 1,2,4-substituted, and 1,2-substituted (<i>ortho</i>) arenes. Notably, these substitution patterns are widely commercially available and readily accessible by electrophilic aromatic substitution (S<sub>E</sub>Ar), but more highly substituted and contra-electronic substitution patterns are severely underrepresented in drug substances. Finally, structural variation decreases with increasing substitution and there is a strong reliance on natural product scaffolds in drugs with more highly substituted benzenoid rings.

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