Vitae et Miracula Sancti Christoduli Patmensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Polemis ◽  
Theodora Antonopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Aspects

The Greek dossier on St. Christodoulos, founder of the monastery of Patmos (1088), consists of four texts, three vitae and a narrative of a miracle, all written within roughly two centuries after the saint’s death by brethren of his monastic community. They are not only important for the reconstruction of the course of life of one of the most famous Byzantine saints, but they are also a unique source for the political and social history of Byzantium and the Eastern Mediterranean from the late 11th to the 13th century. Despite their great importance, these texts have remained almost unknown until today because they are contained in a 19th century edition that is hardly accessible any more and was intended exclusively for the monks and visitors of the John Prodromos Monastery. The new critical edition, which is accompanied by a critical and exhaustive apparatus of sources as well as an index of personal names and of all passages of previous authors quoted or referred to in the texts, will be appreciated by historians and literary scholars alike. Historians will now have at their disposal an important source for the history of the Comnenian period and beyond, while scholars interested in Byzantine literature will have the opportunity to examine in depth four important and rather complex documents, which offer three different visions of the phenomenon of sanctity in Byzantium at the eve of the Fourth Crusade. The introduction discusses several literary, historical and text-critical aspects of the dossier. Extensive summaries in English make these texts available to a wider audience for the first time.

Institutions of Ancient Roman Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Capogrossi Colognesi
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Family Wealth ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
First Time

This chapter gives a rapid overview of the history of Roman public and private institutions, from their early beginning in the semi-legendary age of the kings to the later developments of the Imperial age. A turning point has been the passage from the kingdom to the republic and the new foundation of citizenship on family wealth, instead of the exclusiveness of clan and lineages. But still more important has been the approval of the written legislation of the XII Tables giving to all citizens a sufficient knowledge of the Roman legal body of consuetudinary laws. From that moment, Roman citizenship was identified with personal freedom and the rule of law. Following political and military success, between the end of IV and the first half of III century bce Rome was capable of imposing herself as the central power in Italy and the western Mediterranean. From that moment Roman hegemony was exercised on a growing number of cities and local populations, organized in the form of Roman of Latin colonies or as Roman municipia. Only in the last century bce were these different statutes unified with the grant of Roman citizenship to all Italians. In this same period the Roman civil law, which was applied to private litigants by the Roman praetors, had become a very complex and sophisticated system of rules. With the empire the system did not change abruptly, although the Princeps did concentrate in his hands the last power of the judiciary and became the unique source of new legislation. In that way, for the first time, the Roman legal system was founded on rational and coherent schemes, becoming a model, which Antiquity transmitted to the late medieval Europe.

Toward a history of the Trecento diptych: Format, materiality, and mobility in a corpus of diptychs from Angevin Naples

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Laying the groundwork for a larger project, this essay brings together for the first time a working corpus of diptychs connected with the Angevin court in Naples in the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Comprising both surviving diptychs and diptychs now lost but recorded in inventories, this body of material reveals that objects of this type were commissioned and collected in significant numbers at the Neapolitan court, in a range of sizes, mediums, and subjects, and were produced by workshops linked not only to Naples but also to central Italy, Genoa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. In turn, diptychs in Naples raise larger questions about the histories, materialities, and meanings of the format in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in Europe and the Mediterranean. Above all, the objects brought together here press us to set diptychs in motion through networks of artworks, artists, and patrons on the move across the Mediterranean.

Seek and Hide: Public Health Departments and Persons with Tuberculosis, 1890–1940

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Public Health Departments ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Old Females

In 1882 Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus and transformed both the medical and the social history of tuberculosis and the experiences of those who contracted it. For the first time, the absence or presence of the bacillus made it possible to define, in Koch’s terms, “the boundaries of the diseases to be understood as tuberculosis.” And for the first time the sick became subject to oversight and discrimination.Prior to Koch’s discovery, tuberculosis, or as it was then called, consumption, was considered a hereditary and non-contagious disease, albeit a very deadly and persistent one. Over the first half of the nineteenth century, it was responsible for one out of every five deaths. It crossed all boundaries of geography, social class, age, and sex affecting residents in rural as well as urban areas, the prosperous as well as the poor, the young even more notably than the old, females more often than males. Physicians assumed a familial predisposition existed (as in the case of insanity); following the precepts of humoral medicine, they postulated that the disease originated in “irritations” whose sources were to be found in the interaction of an inherited constitution with a particular lifestyle and environment.

Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the First Century of the Babylonian Exile: Assimilation and Perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
First Century ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Achaemenid Empire ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThe present study discusses the attestations of persons of Judean origin in Neo-Babylonian cuneiform tablets (of the period between 550 and 490 bce) as possible evidence of some aspects of the social history of the community of Judeans exiled to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar II. Although the number of such attestations is very small, it is nonetheless possible to single out two groups which display different patterns of personal name giving across generations. In one instance, a group of merchants in the city of Sippar (belonging mostly to a single family) uses, in part, distinctly Judean personal names in the first generation of the exile, but abandons them completely in favor of Babylonian theophoric names in the next generation. In another instance, a group of individuals active mostly in Susa and probably belonging to the families of royal officials (as suggested by names and patronymics of the type of Beamtennamen – names expressing a pious wish for the well-being of the king) displays the use of Yahwistic personal names even though the fathers of those individuals bore Babylonian theophoric names. It is suggested that the persistence of Yahwistic – hence distinctly Judean – names among royal officials or their direct offspring, even after the previous generation bore Babylonian names, reflects a considerable measure of tolerance toward ethnically foreign elements in the royal administration (the relevant examples date from the period after the establishment of the Achaemenid empire). In contrast, the progressing adoption of Babylonian names among the Judean merchants in Sippar in the first half of the sixth century bce seems likely to reflect assimilation into the native Babylonian society, fostered by the necessity to pursue commercial dealings with the Ebabbar temple of Šamaš and the social circles centered around the temple, which consisted of conservatively minded upper strata of the native Babylonian society. Editions of the cuneiform tablets discussed in the present study are provided in the Appendix.

The Short, Lascivious Lives of Two Venetian Theaters, 1580-85

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opera House ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The teatro all'italiana, or Italian opera house with boxes, was one of the most successful building types invented during the Renaissance, but fragmentary and ambiguous evidence has made locating its origins difficult. This article proposes that those origins are to be found in two theaters for commedia dell'arte built in Venice in 1580 and destroyed by order of the Council of Ten in 1585 (m.v.). The history of these two theaters is sketched here for the first time by means of documents recently found in the Archivio di Stato, Venice, that also include new information related to Palladia's Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza. The role the two Venetian theaters played in the economic, political and social history of the city is suggested.

PREFACE

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHRUTI KAPILA
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social History ◽  
South Asian ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

In a recent appraisal of the nature of the enterprise of intellectual history, it was remarked, not for the first time, that the “the only history of ideas to be written are histories of their uses in argument”. Though perhaps not in such a self-conscious manner, the essays in this issue consider the transformative capacity of ideas. Modern intellectual history in the European and American context grew out of a critique of the dominance of social history; by contrast, it has received little or no attention in the field of colonial and modern South Asia. Despite the vibrancy of the field in general, the two major works in Indian intellectual history were written almost half a century ago. Eric Stokes's English Utilitarians and India and Ranajit Guha's A Rule of Property for Bengal were both concerned with the making of the regime of colonial political economy. These two important books took the major site of the generation of ideas to be the colonial state and the major actors to be its official intellectuals. Interestingly, both these historians later moved away from intellectual history to social history and the experience of the peasantry. It is an ironic tribute to their books that the subsequent focus of much South Asian historical scholarship has been on the nature of the colonial state and its relation to politics, economy and society. However, the emphasis on the power and the work of ideas, in Stokes's and Guha's initial formulations, slowly but surely gave way to “ethnographies of the state”. A related historiographical move emphasized the politics and culture of resistance, as indeed did Stokes and Guha in their later work.

scholarly journals Saratov citizens’ attitude towards prostitution as a form of deviant behavior at the turn of XIX–XX centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Askar А. Akhmetov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social History ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Social Evil ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The article examines the attitude of various segments of the population of Saratov to prostitution at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. Despite the heterogeneity of the Russian society, the stereotype of prostitution as a shameful occupation and social evil, which had been established for centuries, was maintained in the public consciousness. Within the framework of the methodological concept of social history and the history of everyday life, the attitude of various categories of citizens and local authorities to this social deviation is considered. The article is based on archival materials that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals The Early History of Moscow: 14C Dates from Red Square

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Alexandrovskiy ◽  
Johannes Van Der Plicht ◽  
Nikolay Krenke ◽  
Olga Chichagova ◽  
Nikolai Kovaliukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
First Time ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

For the first time, a series of 14C dates has been obtained for samples from the archaeological excavations in Red Square, the historical center of Moscow. The remains of burned dwellings from the bottom of the cultural layer were dated as well as dispersed charcoal from the underlying plough soil. The results correspond to a 200-yr time interval and prove that arable activity at the site began as early as the late 11th century ad. The field belonged to Moscow itself or to rural settlements nearby. The oldest dwelling was built ca. the late 12th–early 13th century ad.

Personal Names in Ancient Anatolia

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social History ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
History Of

It has been said that the study of names is a ‘paradigm case of the convergence of disciplines, where the history of language meets social history’. This volume illustrates that truth in relation to a privileged area of investigation, ancient Anatolia: the evidence from ancient Anatolia has exceptional chronological depth, reaching back to the second millennium BC; under the Roman empire it acquires exceptional density; and it has a complexity which reflects the arrival of many waves of immigrants (Persians, Greeks, Thracians, Galatians, Jews, Romans) in a region that was already culturally diverse. Names are often the only clue to the origins and history of a particular community. At a collective level, striking shifts in time within one community from one naming tradition to another most commonly attest cultural influence, occasionally actual population movement. But the interaction between different groups is such that it is often unsafe to infer an individual’s ethnic origin from name alone. Anatolian evidence also richly illustrates the psychology of naming, whether the Ionian taste for seemingly derogatory names deriving from the nursery, the fascination with luxury reflected in names such as Sardonyx and Nard, or the growing adoption by Greek civic elites of ‘second names’. Published exactly fifty years after Louis Robert’s Noms indigènes dans l’Asie Mineure gréco-romaine, this volume builds on and goes beyond that classic work, while remaining true to its guiding principle that ‘tout dépend des régions et des époques’.

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