scholarly journals High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of a crossbred brown rice variety (UKMRC-9) shows high GABA content

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
E.E. Sage ◽  
Y.X. Chang ◽  
R. Wickneswari ◽  
M.M. Mackeen

The neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a functional food ingredient of growing importance in the preparation of GABA-enriched germinated brown rice (GBR). Quantification of GABA levels during germination in a locally developed high yielding red rice variety (UKMRC-9) was carried out via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis using pre-column chemical derivatisation with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde (HN) using a UV detection system. Factors that influence rice germination such as soaking time and temperature were also studied. The results of this study showed that the UKMRC-9 rice variety soaked in water for 6 hours at 35 °C yielded the highest value for both germination percentage (95.4±1.2%) and GABA content (411 μg g-1). This suggests that long soaking times of 1-4 days can be substituted by short soaking times to produce high GABA levels in germinated brown rice.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Anh Van Luu ◽  
Thi Yen Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy An Ho ◽  
Thi Thanh Hang Nguyen ◽  
Truong Giang Nguyen

Brown rice is a food ingredient which has high nutritious values. During germination, some nutritious and functional components are increased such as lysine, vitamin E, B1, B6, magnesium, calcium, iron… and especially γ – amino butyric acid. Enzyme activity will also change during the germination of the grains. The α – amylase activity of ungerminated grains is very low, only 34.91 UI/g. This is because the enzyme is hibernating and not activated. During germination, enzyme activity will increase. Submerge the Anhdao brown glutinous rice for 6 hours at 30°C in solutions with different pH values (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0). The results show that at pH 3.0 the activity of α – amylase enzyme reaches the highest value of 82.93 UI/g. After the submersion, incubate the germinated brown rice in unentirely anaerobic condition at different temperature of 25, 30, 35, 37°C. The result showed that at 35°C after 24 hours of incubation, the α – amylase activity reaches the highest value of 89.82 UI/g. Examine the dynamic of changes of α – amylase activity against time at 35°C, we can see that in the first 28 hours the α – amylase activity increased significantly. Highest α – amylase activity reaches 97.10 UI/g after 28 hours of incubation. In reality, people usually use enzyme from germinated grains for many food manufacturing industries. α – amylase activity increases during incubation, which can bring promising prospects for processing sugar syrup and prebiotics food from germinated rice. Gạo lứt là một nguyên liệu thực phẩm có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao. Trong quá trình nảy mầm các thành phần dinh dưỡng và chức năng của hạt gạo lứt được tăng lên ví dụ như lysine, các vitamin E, B1, B6, magie, canxi, sắt… và đặc biệt là γ – amino butyric acid. Hoạt tính của hệ enzyme sẽ thay đổi trong suốt quá trình nảy mầm của hạt gạo. Hoạt tính enzyme α – amylase của hạt gạo chưa nảy mầm là rất thấp, chỉ đạt 34,91UI/g, do enzyme của hạt đang ở trạng thái ngủ chưa được kích hoạt. Trong quá trình nảy mầm thì hoạt tính của α – amylase tăng lên. Tiến hành ngâm gạo lứt giống nếp Anh Đào trong 6 tiếng, ở 30°C trong nước ngâm có pH khác nhau (pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0). Kết quả cho thấy, ở pH 3.0 hoạt độ enzyme α – amylase cao nhất đạt 82,93 UI/g. Sau quá trình ngâm, tiến hành ủ nẩy mầm gạo lứt yếm khí không hoàn toàn ở những nhiệt độ khác nhau 25, 30, 35, 37°C, kết quả ở 35°C sau 24 giờ ủ hoạt độ enzyme α – amylase đạt cao nhất là 89,82 UI/g. Khảo sát động học sự thay đổi của hoạt độ enzyme α – amylase theo thời gian ở nhiệt độ ủ 35°C, kết quả cho thấy,trong 28 giờ đầu hoạt độ của α – amylase tăng mạnh. Hoạt độ α – amylase cao nhất đạt 97,10 UI/g sau 28 giờ ủ. Trong thực tế người ta đã sử dụng enzyme từ hạt nảy mầm cho rất nhiều ngành sản xuất thực phẩm. Hoạt độ của α-amylase sau quá trình ủ mầm tăng lên, có thể đem lại triển vọng sử dụng để chế biến dịch đường và các sản phẩm có tính prebiotic từ gạo lứt nảy mầm.


2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1529-1533
Author(s):  
Sirorat Pilawut ◽  
Winit Chinsuwan

At germination stage, paddy rice seed produces phytochemicals that are essential for human health. One way of value added concept for rice production is to germinate paddy rice grain to increase nutritional quality before selling. Typical method of soaking paddy grain in stagnant water for 1 to 2 days has been employed for germination. Water flowing through rice grains instead of stagnant may increase its nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to compare 2 methods of grain watering, i.e. soaking in stagnant water and circulating water through grains, on gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and some other properties. The appropriate proportion of water used was also to be evaluated. The Khoa Dok Mali 105 rice variety was chosen for germination tests. The soaking and circulation methods were compared at 8 levels of water quantity i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 times of paddy rice by weight. The results showed GABA content of paddy rice under circulation method was higher for all water quantities. The higher the amount of water, the higher the GABA content in both watering methods.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 7560-7567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Haghighi ◽  
Zahra Talebpour ◽  
Vali Amini ◽  
Amir Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Farhadpour

A gradient HPLC-PDA method applying a monolithic RP-C18 column for phenylalanine and tyrosine quantization in dried blood spots, within 6 min.


2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuwariah Ishak ◽  
Hasri Hassan ◽  
Siti Adira Mohd Zaidun

The aim of this study was to evaluate the gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and amino acid content in products obtained from MR 219 germinated brown rice. The investigation included MR 219 white rice, MR 219 brown rice, MR 219 germinated brown rice (GBR) with different germination time and heat treatment and commercial germinated brown rice. In this study GABA content in germinated brown rice variety MR 219 (35.59 mg/100 g) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than commercial germinated brown rice (12.60 mg/100 g), MR 219 brown rice (1.43 mg/100 g) and MR 219 white rice (0.82 mg/100 g). Results indicated that heat treatment significantly alter the amount of GABA, serine, glutamic, histidine, threonine, alanine, proline, valine, lysine, isoleusine and leucine. It was found that the essential amino acids; histidine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine showed significant increase (P<0.05) in MR 219 germinated brown rice compared to other germinated brown rice samples.


Author(s):  
Nirandorn Chanlat ◽  
Sirichai Songsermpong ◽  
Chulaluck Charunuch ◽  
Onanong Naivikul

Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) from non-glutinous (KDML 105) and glutinous (RD 10) varieties was produced by a soaking method in cool water at 25°C for 48 h. After germination, increased crude fiber, reducing sugar (P ? 0.05) and the ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content (P ? 0.01) and decreased fat were observed. The extrusion was carried out in a twin-screw extruder by a central composite design (CCD) which studied the effect of feed moisture (15.6-22.3%), screw speed (264-434 rpm) and pre-germinated glutinous brown rice flour level (0-63.6%) on the physicochemical properties of extruded snacks (expansion ratio, density, hardness, brittleness, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI)) and GABA content. Second-order polynomial models were computed and used to generate surface plots. Increasing the feed moisture increased the density (P ? 0.01) hardness and WAI, and decreased the expansion ratio, brittleness (P ? 0.01) and WSI (P ? 0.05). Increasing the screw speed increased the expansion ratio, brittleness, WAI and WSI, and decreased the density and hardness. Increasing the levels of pre-germinated glutinous brown rice flour increased the expansion ratio (P ? 0.01), brittleness, WSI (P ? 0.01) and the GABA content (P ? 0.01), and decreased the density, hardness (P ? 0.01) and WAI (P ? 0.01), while the feed moisture content and screw speed had no significant effect on the GABA content (P > 0.05). This knowledge can be used in the design of customer-oriented extruded PGBR products.


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