Effect of Ca(NO3)2 coating on chemical and mechanical properties and bruise susceptibility of Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples during storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jafarian ◽  
H. Emami ◽  
J. Baradaran Motie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Bruise Susceptibility

AbstractEffect of coating with calcium nitrate in three concentrations (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) on chemical and mechanical properties, and impact behaviour of two apple cultivars (Golden Delicious (GD) and Red Delicious (RD)) during time (0, 2, and 4 months) was studied. Moisture content, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix, organoleptic properties, modulus of elasticity (E), yield stress, yield strain, and toughness were measured. The effect of impact loads was determined by measuring bruise volume (BV) and bruise susceptibility (BS). The results showed that pH and °Brix significantly increased, while titratable acidity, E, yield strain, toughness, and BV decreased during storage time. As Ca(NO3)2 concentration increased, titratable acidity, E, yield strain and yield stress increased and pH decreased (P < 0.05). Highest and lowest values for °Brix were observed in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 after four months (13.31) and GD treated with 0.5% Ca(NO3)2 at the first day (10.65), respectively. Maximum E was obtained in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 on the first day (2130 kPa) and this sample also showed the lowest BS after four months of storage (2.82 mL J−1), while the uncoated GD had the highest BS on the first day (7.11 mL J−1).

scholarly journals Effects of Thermal and High-Pressure Processing on Quality Features and the Volatile Profiles of Cloudy Juices Obtained from Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious Apple Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3046
Author(s):  
Claudia Maria Liberatore ◽  
Martina Cirlini ◽  
Tommaso Ganino ◽  
Massimiliano Rinaldi ◽  
Silvia Tomaselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Stabilization Treatment ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars

In this study, juices extracted from three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Pinova, and Red Delicious) were stabilized by means of thermal treatment (TT) and high-pressure processing (HPP, 600 MPa 3 min); pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, color, and viscosity, as well as volatile profile, were investigated. Qualitative characteristics (pH, titratable acidity, colorimetric parameters, viscosity, and volatile profile) results were significantly influenced by both cultivars and treatments; for example, juice viscosity greatly increased after HPP treatment for Golden Delicious, and after both TT and HPP for Pinova, while no influence of stabilization treatment was registered for Red Delicious juices. Regarding the volatile profile, for Golden Delicious cultivar, HPP treatment determined an increase in volatile compounds for most of the classes considered, leading to a supposed quality implementation. For the other two cultivars, the stabilization treatment that better preserved the volatile profile was the HPP one, even if the results were quite similar to the thermal treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate different time/pressure combinations that could give better results, depending on the specific apple cultivar.

scholarly journals A comparison of apple cultivars regarding ethylene production and physico-chemical changes during cold storage

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goliáš ◽  
P. Mýlová ◽  
A. Němcová
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Sugar Levels

Measurements of titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, ethylene production and weight loss were made for five apple cultivars held in cold storage for 100 days. Carbosieve G in the traps of the enrichment column, which has only a moderate affinity for light hydrocarbons, was found to meet the requirements for the optimal thermal desorption of ethylene (130°C for 2 minutes) from the enrichment column to the analytical column. ANOVA showed significant differences in all these five parameters between the five cultivars Golden Delicious Reinders, Resista, Topaz, Meteor and Rubinstep, and also in the course of storage. In all cases, the changes in titratable acids measured during storage were especially significant, but the observed changes in sugar levels, as measured by refractometry, were too variable to be useful in this context. High rates of ethylene production impacted probably only indirectly on the loss of firmness and the other parameters which were measured. Discriminant analysis of the measurements of firmness, ethylene production and titratable acid provided the best means of differentiating the cultivars, although Golden Delicious Reinders and Resista still could not be completely separated. Other parameters (soluble solids and loss in weight) did not contribute to the discriminant resolution.

Response of Apple Cultivars to Fumigation with Methyl Bromide

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meheriuk ◽  
A.P. Gaunce ◽  
V.A. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Solids Content

`Golden Delicious', `Delicious', and `Spartan' apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) showed a high, moderate, and low tolerance, respectively, to methyl bromide fumigation. Incidence of external and internal disorders increased, in most instances, with longer storage periods after fumigation treatments and with longer exposure times to the fumigant. Dips in diphenylamine before fumigation reduced, but did not prevent, disorders. Fumigation had little effect on firmness and no effect on soluble solids content or titratable acidity. Methyl bromide concentrations with a low risk of disorder development were 32 to 64 g·m-3 for `Golden Delicious', 32 to 48 g·m-3 for `Delicious', and 32 g·m-3 for `Spartan', all at 10C for 2 hours.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Apple Ripening Stage Determination Using the Delta Absorbance Meter at Harvest and after Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cocetta ◽  
Roberto Beghi ◽  
Ilaria Mignani ◽  
Anna Spinardi
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The delta absorbance (DA) meter is a handheld instrument which noninvasively measures the chlorophyll content in fruits. In the present work, it was used to monitor the ripening process linked to the climacteric phase in apple (Malus ×domestica). The results [index of absorbance difference (IAD)] were correlated to quality attributes at harvest and after commercial scale storage at different conditions. Two cultivars (Red Delicious, Golden Delicious) were analyzed in two different seasons, whereas Morgenduft and Gala were analyzed only in the first and second seasons, respectively. In general, a linear reduction of the IAD values was observed in all apple cultivars along with the progression of ripening and ethylene biosynthesis. When ethylene production was inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, the decrease of IAD values was markedly reduced. IAD threshold values for each cultivar were identified, delineating the central phase of the ethylene climacteric rise. Predictive models were built by correlating IAD index to the soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and firmness measured at harvest and after removal from different storage regimes. The best model was developed for SSC prediction on ‘Red Delicious’ apple [ratio performance deviation (RPD) = 1.88] and for firmess evaluation in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (RPD = 1.84). Moreover, IAD values were consistently associated with the differences in fruit quality as affected by optimal and suboptimal storage conditions. The IAD, due to its acceptable accuracy and speed of assessment, can be a promising tool for assisting in sorting apples before and after storage in warehouses or commercial packing lines. IAD cannot totally replace standard ripening indices, but can effectively supplement data for these parameters.

Region-specific mechanical properties of the human patella tendon

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Haraldsson ◽  
P. Aagaard ◽  
M. Krogsgaard ◽  
T. Alkjaer ◽  
M. Kjaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Tangent Modulus ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Posterior Portion

The present study investigated the mechanical properties of tendon fascicles from the anterior and posterior human patellar tendon. Collagen fascicles from the anterior and posterior human patellar tendon in healthy young men (mean ± SD, 29.0 ± 4.6 yr, n = 6) were tested in a mechanical rig. A stereoscopic microscope equipped with a digital camera recorded elongation. The fascicles were preconditioned five cycles before the failure test based on pilot data on rat tendon fascicle. Human fascicle length increased with repeated cycles ( P < 0.05); cycle 5 differed from cycle 1 ( P < 0.05), but not cycles 2–4. Peak stress and yield stress were greater for anterior (76.0 ± 9.5 and 56.6 ± 10.4 MPa, respectively) than posterior fascicles (38.5 ± 3.9 and 31.6 ± 2.9 MPa, respectively), P < 0.05, while yield strain was similar (anterior 6.8 ± 1.0%, posterior 8.7 ± 1.4%). Tangent modulus was greater for the anterior (1,231 ± 188 MPa) than the posterior (583 ± 122 MPa) fascicles, P < 0.05. In conclusion, tendon fascicles from the anterior portion of the human patellar tendon in young men displayed considerably greater peak and yield stress and tangent modulus compared with the posterior portion of the tendon, indicating region-specific material properties.

Variation of Phytochemicals Content in Pulp and Skin of Seven Romanian Apple Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Lacramioara Oprica ◽  
Doina Atofanei ◽  
Vladimir Poroch
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Fruits

The amounts of anthocyanins, flavonoids, total polyphenol and ascorbic acid in seven apple cultivars from Romania were investigated. The amounts of polyphenol and flavonoids in pulp and skin of apple cultivars ranged between 17.18�7.52 mg GAE/g DW and 20.10�11.06 mg CE/g DW as well as 3.64�1.18 mg GAE/g DW and 10.31�5.57 mg CE/g DW, respectively. The highest and smallest values of ascorbic acid both in the skin and the pulp were observed in the cultivars Mutsu and Starkrimson. The anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the colour intensity of the apple epicarp, being about three-fold higher in Prima than Golden Delicious cultivar. The better antioxidant activity provided by the content of polyphenol, ascorbic acid and flavonoids was in apple fruits of Mutsu cultivar and for this reason it should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidants.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

Synthesis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate by Wet Reaction and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Beatriz Thürmer ◽  
Rafaela Silveira Vieira ◽  
Juliana Machado Fernandes ◽  
Wilbur Trajano Guerin Coelho ◽  
Luis Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium phosphate cements have bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can be molded and replace portions of bone tissue. The aim of this work was to study the obtainment of α-tricalcium phosphate, the main phase of calcium phosphate cement, by wet reaction from calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid. There are no reports about α-tricalcium phosphate obtained by this method. Two routes of chemical precipitation were evaluated and the use of two calcinations temperatures to obtain the phase of cement. The influence of calcination temperature on the mechanical properties of cement was evaluated. Cement samples were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of synthesis route on the crystalline phases of cement and the influence of concentration of reactants on the product of the reaction, as well as, on the mechanical properties of cement.

Mechanichal Properties of DGEBA/TEPA Modified Epoxy Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 588-592
Author(s):  
Camila Rodrigues Amaral ◽  
Ruben Jesus Sanchez Rodriguez ◽  
Magno Luiz Tavares Bessa ◽  
Verônica Scarpini Cândido ◽  
Sergio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Notch Toughness ◽  
Epoxy Network ◽  
Structural Network ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Modified Epoxy

The correlation between the structural network of a diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin, modified by two distinct aliphatic amines (tetraethylenepentamine TEPA and jeffamine D230), and its mechanical properties, was investigated as possible matrix for abrasive composites applications. Both flexural tests, to determine the yield stress and the elastic modulus, as well as impact tests to determine the notch toughness, were performed. The DGEBA/D230 presented the highest stiffness and toughness but lowest yield stress. This epoxy network also displayed a greater plastic deformation during fracture.

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