Eating disorder characteristics among Hungarian medical students: Changes between 1989 and 2011

AbstractBackground and aimsThere are contradictory findings on time changes in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs). The first epidemiological studies in Hungary were carried out in the late 1980s. The objective of the present study was to follow the changes in the prevalence of EDs in medical students after a period of 22 years.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted in 1989 and in 2010. The sample comprised medical students: 538 subjects (248 males and 290 females) in 1989 and 969 subjects (261 males and 708 females) in 2010. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic and anthropometric items, the Eating Behaviour Severity Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self-Rating, and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). In the second wave, three subscales of the EDI-2 and the SCOFF questionnaire were added.ResultsCurrent and desired body mass index were significantly higher in the second study. Binge eating at least once a week was reported less frequently (2.7% vs 6.8% in males, 6.1% vs 13% in females) in 2010. The proportion of subclinical anorexia nervosa was higher among females in 2011 (2.5% vs 0.3%, P < 0.01). Among males, the proportion of counterregulatory behaviours increased significantly (from 8.9 to 14.6%).Discussion and conclusionsThe increase of the proportion of subclinical anorexia nervosa and that of male EDs may relate to the importance of the changes in the sociocultural background. Further representative studies are proposed in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe among medical students and in the general population.

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Associations of individual and family eating patterns during childhood and early adolescence: a multicentre European study of associated eating disorder factors

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508047752 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 909-918 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Isabel Krug ◽

Janet Treasure ◽

Marija Anderluh ◽

Laura Bellodi ◽

Elena Cellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Total Sample ◽

Eating Attitudes ◽

Control Group ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

The Family ◽

Eat 26

The objective of this study was to examine whether there is an association between individual and family eating patterns during childhood and early adolescence and the likelihood of developing a subsequent eating disorder (ED). A total of 1664 participants took part in the study. The ED cases (n 879) were referred for assessment and treatment to specialized ED units in five different European countries and were compared to a control group of healthy individuals (n 785). Participants completed the Early Eating Environmental Subscale of the Cross-Cultural (Environmental) Questionnaire, a retrospective measure, which has been developed as part of a European multicentre trial in order to detect dimensions associated with ED in different countries. In the control group, also the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-I) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Five individually Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CatPCA) procedures were adjusted, one for each theoretically expected factor. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the domains with the strongest effects from the CatPCA scores in the total sample were: food used as individualization, and control and rules about food. On the other hand, healthy eating was negatively related to a subsequent ED. When differences between countries were assessed, results indicated that the pattern of associated ED factors did vary between countries. There was very little difference in early eating behaviour on the subtypes of ED. These findings suggest that the fragmentation of meals within the family and an excessive importance given to food by the individual and the family are linked to the later development of an ED.

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A comparison of eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between early, typical and later onset anorexia nervosa

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-020-00337-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zoe M. Jenkins ◽

Lior M. Chait ◽

Leonardo Cistullo ◽

David J. Castle

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Severe Form ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

Illness Duration ◽

Higher Ed

Abstract Objective Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) is increasing in younger populations, with some evidence that clinical differences occur according to age of onset (AOO), which may impact prognostic outcomes. The current study sought to compare eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between early onset (EO), typical onset (TO) and later onset (LO) AN in a large sample of treatment-seeking patients with a diagnosis of AN. Methods Participants included 249 individuals with a diagnosis of AN who were assessed at an outpatient ED service. The sample was divided into three groups based on AOO; those with an AOO ≤14 years (N = 58) were termed ‘EO-AN’, those with an AOO between 15 and 18 years (N = 113) were termed ‘TO-AN’ and those with an AOO of > 18 years (N = 78) were termed ‘LO-AN’. Comparisons were made between AOO groups on assessments of ED symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function. Results EO-AN patients reported a significantly longer illness duration than both TO-AN and LO-AN groups. After controlling for effect of illness duration, the EO-AN group demonstrated significantly higher ED symptomatology and dysmorphic concern compared to the LO-AN group. The EO-AN group demonstrated significantly decreased cognitive flexibility compared to both the TO-AN and LO-AN groups. Discussion These findings suggest that clinical differences do occur according to AOO in AN whereby EO-AN may represent a more severe form of illness that is not attributable to increased illness duration. Treatment strategies which specifically address patients with EO-AN may improve long term health outcomes and recovery.

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A Comparison of Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Psychological Distress and Psychosocial Function Between Early and Later Onset Anorexia Nervosa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31014/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zoe Jenkins ◽

Lior M Chait ◽

Leonardo Cistullo ◽

David J Castle

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Severe Form ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

Higher Ed ◽

Median Split

Abstract Objective: Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) is increasing in younger populations, with some evidence that clinical differences occur between early onset (EO) and later onset (LO) AN, which may impact prognostic outcomes. The current study sought to compare eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between EO- and LO-AN in a large sample of treatment-seeking patients with a diagnosis of AN.Methods: Participants included 249 individuals with a diagnosis of AN who were assessed at an outpatient ED service. The sample was divided into two groups based on age of onset (AOO) using a median split (median AOO=16); those with an AOO ≤16 years (N=128) were termed ‘EO-AN’ and those with an AOO of > 16 years (N=121) were termed ‘LO-AN’. Comparisons were made between AOO groups on assessments of ED symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function. Results: EO-AN patients reporteda significantly longer illness duration (p<.001), significantly higher ED symptomatology (p=0.005), dysmorphic concern (p=0.02), stress (p=0.011), anxiety (p=0.023), and cognitive inflexibility (p=0.042), compared to the LO-AN group.Discussion: These findings suggest that clinical differences do occur according to AOO in AN wherebyEO-AN may represent a more severe form of illness. Treatment strategies which specifically address patients with EO-AN may improve long term health outcomes and recovery.

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A comparison of eating disorder symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between early, typical and later onset anorexia nervosa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31014/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zoe Jenkins ◽

Lior M Chait ◽

Leonardo Cistullo ◽

David J Castle

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Severe Form ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

Illness Duration ◽

Higher Ed

Abstract Objective: Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) is increasing in younger populations, with some evidence that clinical differences occur according to age of onset (AOO), which may impact prognostic outcomes. The current study sought to compare eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function between early onset (EO), typical onset (TO) and later onset (LO) AN in a large sample of treatment-seeking patients with a diagnosis of AN.Methods: Participants included 249 individuals with a diagnosis of AN who were assessed at an outpatient ED service. The sample was divided into three groups based on AOO; those with an AOO ≤14 years (N=58) were termed ‘EO-AN’, those with an AOO between 15-18 years (N=113) were termed ‘TO-AN’ and those with an AOO of > 18 years (N=78) were termed ‘LO-AN’. Comparisons were made between AOO groups on assessments of ED symptomatology, psychological distress and psychosocial function. Results: EO-AN patients reported a significantly longer illness duration than both TO-AN and LO-AN groups. After controlling for effect of illness duration, the EO-AN group demonstrated significantly higher ED symptomatology and dysmorphic concern compared to the LO-AN group. The EO-AN group demonstrated significantly decreased cognitive flexibility compared to both the TO-AN and LO-AN groups.Discussion: These findings suggest that clinical differences do occur according to AOO in AN whereby EO-AN may represent a more severe form of illness that is not attributable to increased illness duration. Treatment strategies which specifically address patients with EO-AN may improve long term health outcomes and recovery.

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Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000720 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Mohammed Madadin ◽

Ritesh G. Menezes ◽

Maha A. Alassaf ◽

Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽

Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Medical Students ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eastern Province ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Depression Subscale ◽

History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Eating disorder symptoms and quality of life: where should clinicians place their focus in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa?

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718502443.793516520 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Glenn Waller

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms

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Pharmacotherapy for Eating Disorders

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.20 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susan McElroy ◽

Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽

Nicole Mori ◽

Paul E. Keck

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Night Eating Syndrome ◽

Night Eating

This chapter addresses the pharmacotherapy of the eating disorders (EDs). Many persons with EDs receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. This chapter first provides a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. It then reviews the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES). It concludes by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.

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Epidemiology and Course of Eating Disorders

The Oxford Handbook of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373622.013.0003 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 24-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pamela Keel

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

The Public ◽

Purging Disorder ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Health Significance

The epidemiology of eating disorders holds important clues for understanding factors that may contribute to their etiology. In addition, epidemiological findings speak to the public health significance of these deleterious syndromes. Information on course and outcome are important for clinicians to understand the prognosis associated with different disorders of eating and for treatment planning. This chapter reviews information on the epidemiology and course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and two forms of eating disorder not otherwise specified, binge eating disorder and purging disorder.

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Pharmacotherapy of the Eating Disorders

The Oxford Handbook of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195373622.013.0024 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 416-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susan L. McElroy ◽

Anna I. Guerdjikova ◽

Anne M. O’Melia ◽

Nicole Mori ◽

Paul E. Keck

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Bulimia Nervosa ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Night Eating Syndrome ◽

Night Eating

Many persons with eating disorders (EDs) receive pharmacotherapy, but pharmacotherapy research for EDs has lagged behind that for other major mental disorders. In this chapter, we first provide a brief rationale for using medications in the treatment of EDs. We then review the data supporting the effectiveness of specific medications or medication classes in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED), and other potentially important EDs, such as night eating syndrome (NES) and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). We conclude by summarizing these data and suggesting future areas for research in the pharmacotherapy of EDs.

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Adapting a neuroscience-informed intervention to alter reward mechanisms of anorexia nervosa: a novel direction for future research

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-021-00417-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ann F. Haynos ◽

Lisa M. Anderson ◽

Autumn J. Askew ◽

Michelle G. Craske ◽

Carol B. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Future Research ◽

Restrictive Eating ◽

Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽

Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽

Reward Responsivity ◽

Eating Disorder Behaviors

AbstractAccumulating psychobiological data implicate reward disturbances in the persistence of anorexia nervosa (AN). Evidence suggests that individuals with AN demonstrate decision-making deficits similar to those with mood and anxiety disorders that cause them to under-respond to many conventionally rewarding experiences (e.g., eating, interacting socially). In contrast, unlike individuals with other psychiatric disorders, individuals with AN simultaneously over-respond to rewards associated with eating-disorder behaviors (e.g., restrictive eating, exercising). This pattern of reward processing likely perpetuates eating-disorder symptoms, as the rewards derived from eating-disorder behaviors provide temporary relief from the anhedonia associated with limited responsivity to other rewards. Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to target reward deficits that contribute to anhedonia in mood and anxiety disorders, including problems with reward anticipation, experiencing, and learning. PAT has been found to promote reward responsivity and clinical improvement in mood and anxiety disorders. This manuscript will: (1) present empirical evidence supporting the promise of PAT as an intervention for AN; (2) highlight nuances in the maintaining processes of AN that necessitate adaptations of PAT for this population; and (3) suggest future directions in research on PAT and other reward-based treatments that aim to enhance clinical outcomes for AN.

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