Morphology made (too) simple? Phonological problems with and a solution to the analytic/non-analytic distinction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus A. Pöchtrager
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Government Phonology ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis article addresses some shortcomings in the standard theory of the phonology-morphology interface within Government Phonology, which is built on the dichotomy of analytic/non-analytic morphology. I argue that many cases which had previously been thought to be analytic and therefore to require a cyclic application of phonology should be reinterpreted without: Many constructions that seemed to consist of domains inside domains are better understood without that internal structure. This alternative avoids some contradictory results of the standard model, which incorrectly precludes certain kinds of interactions between the nested domains. The reinterpretation also makes better sense of the phonological shape of (allegedly analytic) affixes by taking into account phonotactic possibilities of clusters with more than three consonants, which had so no far not received a satisfactory analysis in the Government Phonology literature.

scholarly journals Precision tests of the Standard Model: Rare B-meson decays

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (09) ◽  
pp. 1741015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Model Building ◽  
B Meson ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Government

The charge given to me by the organisers of the memorial meeting for Prof. Abdus Salam’s 90th birthday is to recall my personal impressions of him and review an aspect of the standard model (SM) physics related to my work. Salam was, first and foremost, a brilliant theoretical physicist whose work is still very much en vogue, currently being tested precisely by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Salam was, however, equally effective as a scientific advisor to many institutions, such as IAEA and CERN, but also to the government of Pakistan as the chief scientific strategist. He was also an untiring advocate of scientific research and higher education in developing countries, which took a concrete form in the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste. I discuss these aspects of his scientific life seen from my perspective in the first part. In the second part of my talk, which may appear as a disjoint piece to the first, I summarise some selected topics in rare B-decays — the current flavour physics frontier. Experiments carried out over several decades are largely in agreement with the SM, thanks also to dedicated theoretical effort in their interpretation. However, this field is undergoing an anomalous phase in a number of key measurements, in particular reported by LHCb, triggering a very lively debate and model building. These anomalies, which I review here, are too numerous to be ignored, but none is individually significant enough to announce a breakdown of the SM.

Government Debt, Taxes and Growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Riccardo Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Discrete Time Model ◽  
Distortionary Taxation ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract By using a small discrete-time model we evaluate the impact of distortionary taxation on the government debt-to-GDP ratio. Once the standard model is modified accordingly, it appears that the increase of taxation has a growth cost which increases as long as die debt-to-GDP ratio rises. The empirical implementation uses data drawn from recent Italy’s record and is based on realistic shocks to the relevant parameters. A major finding is the importance of the debt level - not only of the dynamics - to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio. A second finding is that sustainable tax rates are remarkably lower than those prevailing in Italy since the 80s.

Elementary Particle Physics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iliopoulos ◽  
Theodore N. Tomaras
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Current View ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Fundamental Forces

Determining the nature of matter’s smallest constituents, and the interactions among them, is the subject of a branch of fundamental physics called “The Physics of Elementary Particles” – the subject of this book. During the last decades this field has gone through a phase transition. It culminated in the formulation of a new theoretical scheme, known as “The Standard Model”, which brought profound changes in our ways of thinking and understanding nature’s fundamental forces. Its agreement with experiment is impressive, to the extent that we should no longer talk about “The Standard Model” but instead “The Standard Theory”. This new vision is based on geometry; the interactions are required to satisfy a certain geometrical principle. In the physicists’ jargon this principle is called “gauge invariance”; in mathematics it is a concept of differential geometry. It is the purpose of this book to present and explain this modern viewpoint to a readership of well motivated undergraduate students. We propose to guide the reader to the more advanced concepts of gauge symmetry, quantum field theory and the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking through concrete physical examples. The presentation of the techniques required for particle physics is self-contained, and the mathematics is kept at the absolutely necessary level. The reader is invited to join the glorious parade of the theoretical advances and experimental discoveries of the last decades which established our current view. Our ambition is to make this fascinating subject accessible to undergraduate students and, hopefully, to motivate them to study it further.

scholarly journals Toward a Standard Theory of Personality Psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stuart Weatherston Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Standard Model

This preprint outlines an approach to developing a consensual theory of personality that follows the same paradigm used to create the Standard Model of Particle Physics.

scholarly journals Early formed astrophysical objects and cosmological antimatter

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1645029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Dolgov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe

Astronomical observations of recent years show that the universe at high redshifts (about ten) is densely populated by early formed objects: bright galaxies, quasars, gamma-bursters, and it contains a lot of metals and dust. Such a rich variety of early formed objects have not been expected in the standard model of formation of astrophysical objects. There is serious tension between the standard theory and the observations. We describe the model which relaxes this tension and nicely fits the data. The model naturally leads to the creation of cosmologically significant antimatter which may be abundant even in the Galaxy. Phenomenological consequences of our scenario and the possibility of distant registration of antimatter are discussed.

Optimal Taxes and Transfers under Partial Information

2005 ◽  
Vol 225 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Homburg ◽  
Tim Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Government ◽  
Optimal Taxes

SummaryEffective from 2005, benefits for long-term unemployed have been reduced in Germany to the level of social assistance. This measure reflects the view that “all who are able to work, should work” - a view which makes sense only if the government can distinguish the disabled from the productive. In this paper we augment the standard model of optimal taxation, where the government has no information about individual productivities, by this very assumption: Partial information means that the government can distinguish the disabled from the productive, but cannot distinguish among the different productive types. An interesting proposition about the shape of optimal tax-transfer schemes under partial information is derived. Moreover, it is shown that unemployment on the side of the productive poor may still be optimal.

Indirect measurements in micro-space with the EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Compelling Reason ◽  
The Standard Model

At the 1958 meeting of our society, then known as EMSA, the author introduced the concept of microspace and suggested its use to provide adequate information storage space and the use of electron microscope techniques to provide storage and retrieval access. At this current meeting of MSA, he wishes to suggest an additional use of the power of the electron microscope.The author has been contemplating this new use for some time and would have suggested it in the EMSA fiftieth year commemorative volume, but for page limitations. There is compelling reason to put forth this suggestion today because problems have arisen in the “Standard Model” of particle physics and funds are being greatly reduced just as we need higher energy machines to resolve these problems. Therefore, any techniques which complement or augment what we can accomplish during this austerity period with the machines at hand is worth exploring.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

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