scholarly journals A dohányzás és az e-cigaretta-használat epidemiológiája a felnőtt magyar népesség körében 2018-ban

2022 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Public Health Survey

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Nagyszámú kutatás igazolta, hogy a dohányzás növeli a legjelentősebb krónikus betegségek kockázatát. Habár 2009 óta csökkenő tendenciát mutat Magyarországon a hagyományos dohányzók aránya, az e-cigarettát kipróbálóké az utóbbi években folyamatosan növekszik. Célkitűzés: A 2018-ban a felnőtt lakosság körében végzett Népegészségügyi Felmérés dohányzásra és e-cigaretta-használatra vonatkozó eredményeinek bemutatása az előző vizsgálatok tükrében. Módszer: A kérdőíves felmérésben 1586 fő került személyesen lekérdezésre. Az iteratív súlyozás a többlépcsős mintavételi designhatást és a 2016-os mikrocenzus adatait vette figyelembe. Eredmények: 2018-ban a dohányzók aránya a magyar felnőtt lakosság körében 28,7% (95% MT: 26,3–31,1%), az e-cigarettát használók aránya pedig 1,7% (95% MT: 1,1–2,5%) volt. Az iskolai végzettség a 65 év alattiak esetében a dohányzást befolyásoló tényező volt (EH: 3,32; 95% MT: 2,53–4,34), de a 65 éves és annál idősebb korcsoportban már nem (EH: 1,11; 95% MT: 0,59–2,09). Az e-cigarettát kipróbálók és használók között a leginkább említett (54,3% 95% MT: 44,0–64,5%) motivációs tényezőcsoport a dohányzásról való leszokással, az ártalomcsökkentéssel és a visszaesés megelőzésével volt kapcsolatos. A 65 éves és idősebb korcsoportban a dohányzók aránya 2015-höz képest emelkedett. 2018-ban az alapfokú iskolai végzettségűek körében volt a legmagasabb a dohányzók aránya, míg 2014-ben az érettségivel nem rendelkező középfokú végzettségűek körében. Következtetés: Bár összességében csökkent, az alacsony iskolai végzettségűek és az idősek körében emelkedett a dohányzók aránya Magyarországon. Az e-cigarettát kipróbálók és használók száma növekvő tendenciát mutat hazánkban. Eredményeink az alacsony iskolai végzettségűekre kiemelten fókuszáló, megelőző és leszokást támogató népegészségügyi alprogramokat is tartalmazó komplex beavatkozást sürgetnek. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 31–38. Summary. Introduction: The body of evidence suggests that smoking increases the risk of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Although the proportion of traditional smokers in Hungary has been on a declining trend since 2009, the proportion of those who tried e-cigarette has been steadily increasing in recent years. Objective: To present – in the light of previous studies – the results of the Public Health Survey among adults in 2018 on smoking and e-cigarette use. Method: 1586 persons were personally interviewed in a survey. The iterative weighting algorithm considered both the design effect of multistaged sampling and the 2016 Hungarian microcensus. Results: In 2018, the proportion of smokers in the Hungarian adult population was 28.7% (95% CI 26.3–31.1%), and the proportion of e-cigarette users was 1.7% (95% CI 1.1–2.5%). Educational level was a predictor of smoking among respondents younger than 65 years old (OR 3.32; 95% CI 2.53–4.34), but not for those aged 65 years or older (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.59–2.09). Among e-cigarette ever or current users, the most commonly mentioned (54.3% 95% CI 44.0–64.5%) motivational factor-group to try or use e-cigarettes included motivations to quit smoking, to reduce harm, and to avoid relapsing. In the population aged 65 years old or older, the proportion of smokers increased compared to 2015. The proportion of smokers was the highest among those with primary education in 2018, while in 2014, it was the highest among those with secondary education without a graduation certificate. Conclusion: In Hungary, although overall smoking rates are declining, the smoking rate in the low educational group and among the elderly increased. The number of people trying or using e-cigarettes is showing an increasing trend in our country. Our results call for a complex public health intervention program including prevention and smoking cessation supporting subprograms with high focus on those with primary education. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 31–38.

Experience Corps®: A Civic Engagement-Based Public Health Intervention in the Public Schools

2011 ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Rebok ◽  
Michelle C. Carlson ◽  
Jeremy S. Barron ◽  
Kevin D. Frick ◽  
Sylvia McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
The Public

The UK COVID-19 contact tracing app as both an emerging technology and public health intervention: The need to consider promissory discourses

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110607
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Rosie Sims
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sociology Of Expectations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk

The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) COVID-19 contact tracing app was announced to the British public on 12th April 2020. The UK government endorsed the app as a public health intervention that would improve public health, protect the NHS and ‘save lives’. On 5th May 2020 the technology was released for trial on the Isle of Wight. However, the trial was halted in June 2020, reportedly due to technological issues. The app was later remodelled and launched to the public in September 2020. The rapid development, trial and discontinuation of the app over a short period of a few months meant that the mobilisation and effect of the discourses associated with the app could be traced relatively easily. In this paper we aimed to explore how these discourses were constructed in the media, and their effect on actors – in particular, those who developed and those who trialled the app. Promissory discourses were prevalent, the trajectory of which aligned with theories developed in the sociology of expectations. We describe this trajectory, and then interpret its implications in terms of infectious disease public health practices and responsibilities.

scholarly journals Nutritional and hematological factors associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease: a cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizama de Gregório ◽  
Luan Henrique Patrzyk ◽  
Anne Karine Bosetto Fiebrantz ◽  
Juliana Sartori Bonini ◽  
Dayanna Hartmann Cambruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Hematological Evaluation

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We studied the users of the Specialized Drug Distribution Program of the public health network. METHODS: A prospective cohort examined the elderly at two intervals of three years and included 30 patients in phase I and 16 in phase II. The methodology was composed of home visits, anthropometric, nutritional and hematological evaluation. For the progression of AD, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale was used. RESULTS: According to the CDR, the disease evolved, since in 2014 most of the patients were in CDR 3. In the analysis of the micronutrients, only the B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6) presented a significant reduction in 2014. The consumption of carbohydrates and lipids increased in the 2014 evaluation, and protein consumption decreased. As for the average weight of the elderly, there was an increase in 2014, 65.9 (± 15.6) Kg, with a BMI of 26.75 (± 4, 5), in 2011 the average weight was 62.44 kg (± 14, 36), BMI 24.64 (± 4.97). CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that patients are likely to be overweight or obese before the development of AD and that this may be associated with an increased risk of dementia is suggested.

scholarly journals Elderly Users’ Satisfaction with Public Transport in Thailand Using Different Importance Performance Analysis Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9066
Author(s):  
Methawadee Chaisomboon ◽  
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao ◽  
Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Elderly Users

Due to the rapid increase in population and the change in age structure toward the elderly, the phenomenon of societal ageing is being witnessed in many countries. The elderly travel less than the adult population due to decreasing mobility with an increasing age. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expectations and satisfaction of public transport users in Thailand using traditional importance performance analysis (IPA), gap analysis, and IPA integrated with competitor performance. We aimed to explain the differences in the analysis results produced by the three methods. The data were obtained from surveying 2250 elderly and 450 non-elderly adults. This study presents guidelines for improving the public transport service quality in Thailand to meet user needs. The results of this research showed that each approach provides its own distinctive aspects and theoretical differences, which lead to different interpretations. The results from the three approaches showed that equipment that increases safety for public transportation service users is an important factor for all elderly passengers that must be improved. Public transportation services in different regions should be developed to provide more reliable and regular services.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. e1-e17
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wang ◽  
Sudhamayi Bhadriraju ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives. To determine the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE and computed the association of e-cigarette use with quitting cigarettes using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We identified 64 papers (55 observational studies and 9 randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). In observational studies of all adult smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.772, 1.160) and smokers motivated to quit smoking (OR = 0.851; 95% CI = 0.684, 1.057), e-cigarette consumer product use was not associated with quitting. Daily e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (OR = 1.529; 95% CI = 1.158, 2.019) and less-than-daily use was associated with less quitting (OR = 0.514; 95% CI = 0.402, 0.665). The RCTs that compared quitting among smokers who were provided e-cigarettes to smokers with conventional therapy found e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (relative risk = 1.555; 95% CI = 1.173, 2.061). Conclusions. As consumer products, in observational studies, e-cigarettes were not associated with increased smoking cessation in the adult population. In RCTs, provision of free e-cigarettes as a therapeutic intervention was associated with increased smoking cessation. Public Health Implications. E-cigarettes should not be approved as consumer products but may warrant consideration as a prescription therapy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 22, 2020: e1–e17. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305999 )

Análise das políticas públicas de saúde do idoso: estudo de revisão de literatura

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Alessandra Conceição Leite Funchal Camacho ◽  
Maria José Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Revisión Sistemática

ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the public health policies of the elderly in the references of the main databases from 2004 to 2008. Method: study of systematic review of literature conducted on databases of the Library of Health, in September 2008. For information analysis was organized the content found on the year, publication type and methods/techniques, content and essence of the production of knowledge, database, the authors' recommendations. Results: the references that were analyzed 26 and 10 in the database SCIELO, one in the BDENF and 15 in the LILACS. Conclusion: we observed an increase in publications dealing with professionals in health operationalized the public health policies of the elderly as the main recommendations bringing the development of public policies that take into account the specifics of the elderly, facilitating their access and that could reduce inequality. Mention the importance of visibility of the aging process and adequacy of public policies aimed at expansion of the strategies that have the caregiver as the leading subject. Descriptors: health public policy; aged; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar as políticas públicas de saúde do idoso nas referências das principais bases de dados de 2004 a 2008. Método: estudo de revisão de literatura sistemática realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, em setembro de 2008. Para análise das informações foi realizada a organização do conteúdo encontrado quanto ao ano, tipo de publicação e métodos/técnicas, essência do conteúdo e produção do conhecimento, base de dados, recomendações dos autores. Resultados: as referências analisadas foram 26 sendo 10 na base de dados SCIELO, uma na BDENF e 15 na LILACS. Conclusão: Verificamos um aumento de publicações que tratam de profissionais na área da saúde operacionalizando as políticas públicas de saúde do idoso trazendo como principais recomendações o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que levem em conta as especificidades do idoso, facilitando o seu acesso e que possam reduzir desigualdades. Referem a relevância da visibilidade do processo de envelhecimento e adequação das políticas públicas visando à ampliação de estratégias que tenham o cuidador como sujeito principal. Descritores: políticas públicas de saúde; idoso; enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar las políticas de salud pública a los ancianos en las referencias de las principales bases de datos de 2004 a 2008. Método: estudio de revisión sistemática de literatura sobre las bases de datos de la Biblioteca de la Salud, en setiembre de 2008. Resultados: las referencias que se analizaron fueron 26, tenendo 10 en la base de datos SCIELO, 01 referencia en la BDENF y 15 en el LILACS. Conclusión: se observó un aumento de publicaciones relacionadas a los profesionales de la salud en la práctica las políticas de salud pública de los ancianos con principales recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo de políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta las características específicas de los ancianos, facilitando su acceso y que podrían reducir la desigualdad. Mencionan la importancia de la visibilidad del proceso de envejecimiento y la adecuación de las políticas públicas con la ampliación de estrategias que tienen el cuidador como principal sujeto. Descriptores: políticas públicas de salud; ancianos; enfermería.

Examining Gambling Issues From a Public Health Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Negative Impacts

Public health has a tradition of addressing emerging and complex health matters that affect the whole population as well as specific groups. AIDS, environmental tobacco smoke and violence are examples of contemporary health concerns that have benefited from public health analysis and involvement. This article encourages the adoption of a public health perspective on gambling issues. Gambling has been studied from a number of perspectives, including economic, moral, addiction and mental health. The value of a public health viewpoint is that it examines the broad impact of gambling rather than focusing solely on problem and pathological gambling behavior in individuals. It takes into consideration the wider health, social and economic costs and benefits; it gives priority to the needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged people; and it emphasizes prevention and harm reduction. This paper looks at the public health foundations of epidemiology, disease control and healthy public policy, and applies them to gambling. Major public health issues are analyzed within a North American context, including problem gambling trends amongst the general adult population and youth, and their impact on other specific populations. There is significant opportunity for public health to contribute its skills, methodologies and experience to the range of gambling issues. By understanding gambling and its potential impacts on the public's health, policy makers, health practitioners and community leaders can minimize gambling's negative impacts and optimize its benefits.

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