EFFECT OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MANURES AND FERTILIZERS ON CHANGES IN THE WEED SPECIES IN THE 138TH CROPPING UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
O. S. Kandasamy ◽  
H. C. Bayan ◽  
L. Devarajan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Unfertilized Plot

A field study was made at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India in a permanent fertilization experiment to assess the influence of the long-term application of manure and fertilizer schedules on changes in the weed flora and their growth in the 138th (rainfed) crop of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The weed flora of the experimental field in the unfertilized plot at 50 days after sowing (DAS) consisted of 44.1% grasses, 26.4% sedges and 29.5% broad-leaved weeds, of which Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv., Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Digera arvensis Forsk. and Phyllanthus maderaspatensis were the most dominant weed species. Maximum weed growth was recorded in the plot treated with cattle manure. A relative grain yield of 391% over the control was recorded in the balanced fertilizer plot (combined application of N, P and K).

Weed shift in a maize ( Zea mays L.) — Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) cropping system

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subbulakshmi ◽  
P. Subbian ◽  
N. Saravanan ◽  
N. Prabakaran
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Panicum Repens

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif (June–September) and rabi (October–January) seasons of 2005–2006 to study the effect of a maize — sunflower cropping system on the weed flora shift. The results revealed a change in weed species, i.e. the appearance of new species and the elimination of certain weed species due to the cropping system. The density of Dinebra retroflexa was high during the 1 st year maize cropping period, but Panicum repens became dominant when sunflower was grown after maize. Cyperus rotundus , originally the dominant sedge, was smothered by Cynodon dactylon due to zero tillage. Dactyloctenium aegyptium was the dominant weed species in maize, while Parthenium hysterophorus was the dominant weed species in sunflower. The proportions of Datura fastuosa, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum, Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus polygamus, Flaveria austerlagica, Gynandropsis pentaphylla and Portulaca quadrifida were higher during the 1 st year maize cropping season, while later their density was gradually reduced due to the inclusion of sunflower in the system.

Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
M. Kamuti ◽  
N. Mazsu ◽  
J. Tamás ◽  
D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

Solar Heating of the Soil: Involvement of Environmental Factors in the Weed Control Process

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruch Rubin ◽  
Abraham Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Vegetative Propagules

Solar heating (SH) of wet soil by mulching it with transparent polyethylene (PE) during the hot season increased soil temperature in a typical daily course which varied with soil depth. Annual weed species responded to soil heating in the laboratory with the same pattern as under SH conditions in the field. Rhizomes of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylonL. Pers. ♯3CYNDA) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepenseL. Pers. ♯ SORHA) were very sensitive to heat treatment, but purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. ♯ CYPRO) tubers were able to survive temperatures as high as 80 C for 30 min. Species having big and heavy seeds or vegetative propagules were able to emerge from deep layers of soil, thus practically escaping the lethal temperature prevailing in the upper layer. Transparent and black PE mulching effectively prevented water loss from soil, as compared with perforated PE and nonmulched control. CO2concentration in the soil atmosphere under transparent PE mulching increased rapidly during the first week and reached a maximal level which was 20-fold higher than that formed in nonmulched soil. Ethylene at 0.2 ppm was detected only in a mulched soil environment. No differences in levels of CH4or CO were detected.

scholarly journals Field study on weeds incidence in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.).

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
MT Akhter ◽  
PB Kundu ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Infestation

A survey was conducted to highlight the weed flora infesting rapeseed in the experimental field of Rajshahi University. Frequency (F), density (D), abundance (A), relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD), relative abundance (RA) and importance value index (IVI %) of weeds were calculated in rapeseed field. The objective of the study was to study the weeds and their quantitative characters. Weed infestation was studied in three rapeseed varieties (BARI Sharisha 14, BINA Sharisha 5 and 6). The weed population was studied using quadrat. The species which had 100% frequency values were Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Ammania baccifera, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leucas lavendulifolia. Other species had 50% or less than 50% frequency values. The highest frequency, density, abundance and importance value index were exhibited by Cyperus rotundus. J. bio-sci. 26: 01-06, 2018

scholarly journals Weed Flora of Vineyards in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cumali Özaslan ◽  
Esmanur Pekcan Kaçar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Weed Flora

Background: Viticulture occupies an important place in agricultural production of Diyarbakır province, Turkey. However, weeds significantly impair the productivity of vineyards in the province. The knowledge of weed flora of a particular region is crucial to develop region-specific weed management strategies. Methods: This study was carried out to determine the weed species, their densities and frequency of occurrence in 78 vineyards of 13 districts in Diyarbakır province. Exploratory surveys were conducted to record the occurrence, density and coverage area of weed species. A 1×1 m quadrate was used, which was randomly placed in vineyards and weed species falling within the quadrate were noted. Result: A total 165 weed species and 128 taxa belonging to 35 botanical families (1 parasitic, 16 monocotyledons and 18 dicotyledons) were identified from the surveyed area. The weed species’ density over the whole province was 91 weeds m-2. Avena sterilis L. was the most widespread weed with the highest density (9.93 plants m-2) in the surveyed area followed by Fumaria asepale Boiss. (7.18), Galium tricornutum (4.85), Ranunculus arvensis (3.82), Silene aegyptiaca (3.70), Bromus sterilis (3.64) Lamium purpureum (3.58), Hordeum spontaneum (3.35), Anthemis sp. (3.07), Crepis alpina (2.94), Thlaspi perfoliatum (2.91), Alopecurus myosuroides (2.81), Bongardia chrysogonum (2.80), Scandix pecten-veneris (2.24), Cynodon dactylon (1.71), Hypecoum procumbens (1.69), Lolium perenne (1.41), Sorghum halepense (1.33), Sinapis arvensis (1.24), Buglossoides arvense (1.22), Daucus carota (1.21), Trifolium nigrescens (1.21), Vicia hybrida (1.05), Senecio vernalis (1.04) and Ornithogalum narbonense (1.02). The most prevalent weed were L. purpureum (66.68%), Papaver sp. (66.49%), S. vernalis (65.82%), Anthemis sp. (65.10%), A. sterilis (63.07%), R. arvensis (60.44%), Convolvulus arvensis (56.76%), Carduus pycnocephalus (55.79%), G. tricornutum (55.43%), Fumaria asepale (55.05%), Crepis alpina (54.08%), Thlaspi perfoliatum (51.95%) and S. arvensis (51.04%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Local Weed Flora of South Gujarat for Dry Flower Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Alka Singh ◽  
Ankit Bhandari ◽  
H.N. Chhatrola ◽  
B. N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Percent Loss ◽  
Visual Score ◽  
Setaria Verticillata ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Celosia Argentea

An investigation was carried out to explore and evaluate the weed flora to obtain dried ornamentals for making of dry flower products. Nine species of weeds viz., Dinebra arabica, Argyreia speciosa, Setaria verticillata, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Cyperus rotundus, Celosia argentea, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colonum and Eragrostis pilosa growing locally in the south Gujarat region were evaluated for the study. Either inflorescence or leaves of the weeds employing press drying method were evaluated for their dried ornamental value in the year 2015-2017. Among different weeds, maximum percent loss in weight after drying was observed in the leaves of Argyreia speciosa followed by the inflorescence of Echinochloa colonum after drying. No shattering was observed in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa and dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea and Cyperus rotundus while maximum shattering in the inflorescence was observed in the dried inflorescence of Echinochloa colonum. Maximum time taken for drying (5.87-6.1 days) was required in Argyreia speciosa (leaves) followed by inflorescence of Celosia argentea (4.3- 4.41 days) and Setaria verticillata (4.3-4.37 days) in both the years and pooled data. Maximum shelf life after drying (more than 170 days) was observed in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa which was at par with dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea. Ornamental value was found to be the best in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa and dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea and Setaria verticillata with highest visual score of (5), followed by Echinochloa colonum and Eragrostis pilosa with 4 as visual score as observed in both the years.

scholarly journals Hıyarda (Cucumis sativus L.) yabancı ot çıkış zamanın tahminine yönelik araştırmalar

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Nihat Tursun ◽  
İrfan Ersin Akıncı ◽  
Mustafa Şahin ◽  
Ahmet Uludağ
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Modelling is carried out for eleven major weeds in cucumber to develop estimated models for weed emergence time. Weed species were grouped according to their emergence patterns. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Heliotropium europaeum, Polygonum aviculare and Solanum nigrum were early emerging, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense were season long emerging Tribulus terrestris was the late emerging weed species. Different non-linear growth curves (Chapman-Richard, Weibull, logistic, Gompertz and cubic spline) fitted to the data of cumulative percent emergence for the different species and years. Cubic spline seemed the best model for many species.

scholarly journals Managing Orchard Floor Vegetation in Flood-irrigated Citrus Groves

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn C. Wright ◽  
William B. McCloskey ◽  
Kathryn C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Size Category

Several orchard floor management strategies were evaluated beginning in Fall 1993 in a `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' lemon (Citrus limon) grove on the Yuma Mesa in Yuma, Ariz. and in a `Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis) grove at the University of Arizona Citrus Agricultural Center, Waddell, Ariz. At Yuma, disking provided acceptable weed control except underneath the tree canopies where bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and other weed species survived. Mowing the orchard floor suppressed broadleaf weed species allowing the spread of grasses, primarily bermudagrass. Preemergence (norflurazon and oryzalin) and postemergence (glyphosate and sethoxydim) herbicides were used to control weeds in the clean culture treatment in Yuma. After three harvest seasons (1994-95 through 1996-97), the cumulative yield of the clean culture treatment was 385 kg (848.8 lb) per tree, which was significantly greater than the 332 kg (731.9 lb) and 320 kg (705.5 lb) per tree harvested in the disking and mowing treatments, respectively. In addition, the clean culture treatment had a significantly greater percentage of fruit in the 115 and larger size category at the first harvest of the 1995-96 season than either the disk or mow treatments. At Waddell, the management strategies compared were clean culture (at this location only postemergence herbicides were used), mowing of resident weeds with a vegetation-free strip in the tree row, and a `Salina' strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum) cover crop with a vegetation-free strip. The cumulative 3-year yield (1994-95 through 1996-97) of the clean culture treatment was 131 kg (288.8 lb) per tree, which was significantly greater then the 110 kg (242.5 lb) per tree yield of the mowed resident weed treatment. The yield of the strawberry clover treatment, 115 kg (253.5 lb) of oranges per tree, was not significantly different from the other two treatments. The presence of cover crops or weeds on the orchard floor was found to have beneficial effects on soil nitrogen and soil organic matter content, but no effect on orange leaf nutrient content. The decrease in yield in the disked or mowed resident weed treatments compared to the clean culture treatment in both locations was attributed to competition for water.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicide in Controlling Broadleaf and Sedge Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Kamrozzaman ◽  
M A H Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
A F M Ruhul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Hand Weeding

The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of herbicide for controlling of weeds in wheat field at FSRD Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in a RCB design with five replications. There were four treatments viz. U46D fluid, ronstar 25 EC, one hand weeding and control (no weeding). Seven weed species were found in the plots and Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Chenopodium album were the most important weed species. Weed density and dry weight were affected significantly by different treatments. The highest weed dry weight was obtained in control while the lowest dry weight and the highest weed control efficiency were obtained from ronstar 25EC@1 ml/liter water against all types of weed species. Weed control efficiencies of ronstar 25EC against broad leaf, sedge and grass were 92, 86 and 64 %, respectively over control. The lowest weed control efficiency was obtained from one hand weeding treatment, which might be due to lack of proper weeding. Ronstar 25EC produced the highest grain (4.33 t/ha) and straw yields (4.38 t/ha) which were statistically identical to those of U46D fluid. The highest harvest index (49.71%) was found in ronstar 25EC and the lowest (41.89%) was obtained in control. The highest benefit cost ratio (2.30) was obtained from ronstar 25EC that was much higher than hand weeding (1.69). The lowest BCR (1.58) was recorded from the control. It was concluded that herbicide could be a viable alternative of manual weed control practices in wheat cultivation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26588The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 54-61

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