Diversity of butterflies in an arboretum of Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Potent pollinators and ecological indicators, butterflies are important for estimating the general health of an ecosystem. Owing to the rich plant diversity (927 species), an arboretum in Vadodara, state of Gujarat, India was selected for surveying butterfly diversity. Our survey was conducted in all seasons for an entire year from October 2012 to October 2013 and revealed 61 species. Recorded were six species of Papilionidae, three species of Hesperiidae, 20 species of Nymphalidae, 13 species of Pieridae, and 19 species of Lycaenidae. Junonia dominated with five species, followed by Eurema (three species), Graphium (three species), and Chilades (three species). Our study gives a comprehensive insight into the species diversity and richness of butterflies in Vadodara and highlights the need to conserve rare and threatened butterfly species there.

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Annotated checklist of butterflies of Ankleshwar—an industrial town in Gujarat, India

Check List ◽

10.15560/16.4.997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 997-1015

Author(s):

Azaz Sidat ◽

Urjit Bhatt

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Conservation Planning ◽

Ecological Indicators ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Wildlife Protection ◽

Industrial Town ◽

Annotated Checklist ◽

Potential Use ◽

Insight Into

Urbanization threatens the diversity of butterflies due to habitat fragmentation with environmental degradation. Butterflies, as potent pollinators and ecological indicators, are important in conservation planning and environmental monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the species diversity of butterflies in Ankleshwar, an industrial town in Gujarat, India, and has potential use in urban planning and conservation. A total of 63 species belonging to five families were photo-documented and identified. The richest family was Nymphalidae, followed by Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, and Papilionidae. Junonia Hübner, [1819] and Colotis Hübner, [1819] were the dominant genera with five species each. Six species have the IUCN status of Least Concern but 57 species are Not Evaluated. Seven species are afforded protection under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. This study highlights the need to conserve rare and threatened butterfly species.

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Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.6635.13.7.18827-18845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 18827-18845

Author(s):

Kismat Neupane ◽

Mahamad Sayab Miya

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

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Butterfly Species Diversity in Protected and Unprotected Habitat of Ise Forest Reserve, Ise Ekiti, Ekiti State

Advances in Ecology ◽

10.1155/2016/7801930 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacob Olufemi Orimaye ◽

Olumide Odunayo Ogunyemi ◽

Ehi Francis Okosodo ◽

Victor Abiodun Ojo ◽

Tejumola Olayinka Agbelusi

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

The Family ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Study Sites ◽

Unprotected Area

This study investigated butterfly diversity in the protected area (PA) and unprotected area (UPA) of Ise Forest reserve, Ise Ekiti, Ekiti State, using sweep net along existing trails. Butterfly species seen in the study sites were captured and released after proper identification was made. The results indicated that a total of 837 butterflies were identified in the study sites with 661 species observed in PA and 176 species in UPA. Butterfly species diversity was significantly different (p≤0.05) between PA and UPA. Shannon diversity index was higher in PA (3.59) than UPA (3.27) as against Menhinick’s index, higher in UPA (2.11) than in PA (1.52). Likewise, 10 families of butterflies were recorded in PA and 8 families in UPA. The family with highest species occurrence was Satyridae (17.9%) in PA and Lycaenidae in UPA with 20.1%. Butterfly families’ diversity was not significant (p≥0.05) between the two study sites. Ise Forest Reserve recorded approximately 6.6% of all butterflies recorded in West Africa. The findings indicated that mature secondary and regenerated forests supported high butterfly diversity and species richness, while cultivated land and grassland had a negative impact on butterfly community suggesting the negative effect of agricultural activities on the ecosystem.

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Can butterflies cope with city life? Butterfly diversity in a young megacity in southern China

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2015-0192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (9) ◽

pp. 751-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kong-Wah Sing ◽

Hui Dong ◽

Wen-Zhi Wang ◽

John-James Wilson

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

Southern China ◽

Central Business District ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

City Life ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Business District ◽

The Relationship

During 30 years of unprecedented urbanization, plant diversity in Shenzhen, a young megacity in southern China, has increased dramatically. Although strongly associated with plant diversity, butterfly diversity generally declines with urbanization, but this has not been investigated in Shenzhen. Considering the speed of urbanization in Shenzhen and the large number of city parks, we investigated butterfly diversity in Shenzhen parks. We measured butterfly species richness in four microhabitats (groves, hedges, flowerbeds, and unmanaged areas) across 10 parks and examined the relationship with three park variables: park age, park size, and distance from the central business district. Butterflies were identified based on wing morphology and DNA barcoding. We collected 1933 butterflies belonging to 74 species from six families; 20% of the species were considered rare. Butterfly species richness showed weak negative correlations with park age and distance from the central business district, but the positive correlation with park size was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Among microhabitat types, highest species richness was recorded in unmanaged areas. Our findings are consistent with others in suggesting that to promote urban butterfly diversity it is necessary to make parks as large as possible and to set aside areas for limited management. In comparison to neighbouring cities, Shenzhen parks have high butterfly diversity.

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A Study of Butterfly Species Diversity in M. N. College Campus, Visnagar, Mehsana District, Gujarat, India

International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management ◽

10.47607/ijresm.2020.416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

Surbhi Dabhadkar ◽

Rakesh Prajapati

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

College Campus ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Butterfly Diversity ◽

Butterfly Fauna ◽

Effective Conservation

The present study was carried out to understand the butterfly diversity and abundance in M. N. College, Visnagar, Gujarat, India from November 2019 to March 2020. A total of 40 species of butterflies belonging to 29 genera and five families were recorded from the present study. From the observed butterflies, family Pieridae was the most dominant among the five families with 14 species, followed by Nymphalidae comprising of 9 species, Lycaenidae have 9 species, Papilionidae with 5 species and Hesperidae with 3 species. The present study added valuable information on diversity of butterfly fauna and will contribute in developing effective conservation.

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Change in butterfly species diversity in Mt. Mikusa Zephyrus Coppice, Japan for 24 years: A struggle against the dwarf bamboo understory

10.1603/ice.2016.114456 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Minoru Ishii

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Dwarf Bamboo

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Components of plant diversity as ecological indicators reflecting the effects of conservation management and degradation in different climatic conditions

Land Degradation and Development ◽

10.1002/ldr.4062 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Heydari ◽

Fatemeh Aazami ◽

Reza Omidipour ◽

Manuel Esteban Lucas Borja ◽

Marzban Faramarzi

Keyword(s):

Plant Diversity ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Ecological Indicators ◽

Climatic Conditions

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Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity and Correlations

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1123

Author(s):

Carole Ayoub Moubareck

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Genetic Significance ◽

The Rich ◽

Insight Into

Human milk represents a cornerstone for growth and development of infants, with extensive array of benefits. In addition to exceptionally nutritive and bioactive components, human milk encompasses a complex community of signature bacteria that helps establish infant gut microbiota, contributes to maturation of infant immune system, and competitively interferes with pathogens. Among bioactive constituents of milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are particularly significant. These are non-digestible carbohydrates forming the third largest solid component in human milk. Valuable effects of HMOs include shaping intestinal microbiota, imparting antimicrobial effects, developing intestinal barrier, and modulating immune response. Moreover, recent investigations suggest correlations between HMOs and milk microbiota, with complex links possibly existing with environmental factors, genetics, geographical location, and other factors. In this review, and from a physiological and health implications perspective, milk benefits for newborns and mothers are highlighted. From a microbiological perspective, a focused insight into milk microbiota, including origins, diversity, benefits, and effect of maternal diet is presented. From a metabolic perspective, biochemical, physiological, and genetic significance of HMOs, and their probable relations to milk microbiota, are addressed. Ongoing research into mechanistic processes through which the rich biological assets of milk promote development, shaping of microbiota, and immunity is tackled.

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Profaning the Sacred: The Unorthodox Financial Activities of Catholic Clerics During the Napoleonic Period, 1796–1814

European History Quarterly ◽

10.1177/02656914211051612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 523-542

Author(s):

Christopher Korten

Keyword(s):

Precious Metals ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Critical Periods ◽

For Profit ◽

Sacred And Profane ◽

The Rich ◽

The Times ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

This article reveals for the first time how Catholic clerics survived financially during the Napoleonic period in Italy (1796–1814). Despite the very rich, 200-year historiography on one of the Church's most critical periods, there is almost nothing on how religious clerics coped at this time. Their institutions had been despoiled by the French, often in collaboration with locals, negating traditional forms of clerical income, such as alms or rental income from non-ecclesiastical properties. This caused clerics to search out unorthodox – at times, non-canonical – ways of eking out a living, either for themselves, their religious communities or both, as such distinctions were often blurred. Masses were monetized and traded; ecclesiastical paraphernalia composed of precious metals were smelted and commodified, and relics were sold for profit. The uncovering of these controversial acts by men who in normal times were upstanding reveals the desperation of the times and provides insight into the rich discussion on determining the degrees of separation (and overlap) between the sacred and profane.

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