Fatty acid profile, somatic cell count and microbiological quality of total machine milk and hand stripped milk of Chios ewes

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the stage of lactation on the yield and quality of sheep milk. The material for the investigation was milk from morning milking of 30 East Friesian sheep in their third to fifth lactation. Milking began after the lambs were weaned and continued for about 120 days. Milk samples were collected individually from the sheep in three stages of lactation: at its peak, during the stabilized stage and at the end (late) lactation. Daily milk yield, total bacterial count, somatic cell count and the basic composition of the milk were determined. The microbiological quality of the milk was very high and the somatic cell count was favourable. As lactation progressed the somatic cell count increased while microbiological quality remained stable. At the end of lactation a significant increase was noted in the concentration of dry matter, protein and fat, accompanied by a decrease in lactose concentration, in comparison with the peak of lactation. Yield was shown to be negatively correlated with fat (–0.63; p≤0.01) and dry matter (–0.53; p≤0.01) and positively correlated with lactose (0.61; p≤0.01).

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CHARACTERIZE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND MILK QUALITY OF PRODUCTION UNITS IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF CEARÁ

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v19e-52844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ângela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽

Daniele Alves de Farias ◽

Tereza Cristina Lacerta Gomes ◽

Aline Vieira Landim ◽

Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Production Systems ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Total Bacterial Count

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the production systems and milk quality of eight milk production units (MPU) in the semiarid region of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Individual interviews were conducted through a questionnaire on the characteristics of the properties and production systems. Samples of milk and water were collected for a period of 12 months. Four MPUs were classified as semi-specialized and four as non-specialized. No differences were observed in milk composition between the two production systems, and both showed protein, fat, and solids-not-fat levels. Differences were observed for somatic cell count. The semi-specialized systems showed an average somatic cell and total bacterial count which is above the limit established by the 62nd Normative Instruction. All water samples showed presence of Escherichia coli. Somatic cell count was positively correlated (fat) and negatively (lactose). For total bacterial count, correlations were negative for fat, total solids, and somatic cell count. The microbiological quality of milk is not in accordance with the 62st and 7th Normative Instructions. The specialization of the production systems did not result in improved microbiological aspects of milk.

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Effect of Marine Algae Supplementation on Somatic Cell Count, Prevalence of Udder Pathogens, and Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Goats’ Milk

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1097

Author(s):

Ferenc Pajor ◽

István Egerszegi ◽

Ágnes Szűcs ◽

Péter Póti ◽

Ákos Bodnár

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Control Group ◽

Dairy Goats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Schizochytrium limacinum marine algae on the milk composition and fatty acid profile, somatic cell count, and prevalence of pathogen bacteria in the raw milk of multiparous Alpine goats. Twenty-eight dairy goats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (C)—fed with 1500 g alfalfa hay and 600 g concentrate; experimental group (MA)—received the same forages and concentrate supplemented with 10 g/head/day marine algae. The goats were housed indoors, while the experiment lasted five weeks, and the milk samples were taken every week. Marine algae feeding had no negative effect on milk composition. The marine algae inclusion significantly decreased the milk somatic cell count and the presence of udder pathogens in the MA group. Mean somatic cell count and presence of udder pathogens were 5.73 log cells/mL and 31%, respectively, in the C group, while these values were 5.34 log cells/mL and 10%, respectively, in the MA group. The marine algae supplementation significantly increased DHA and rumenic acid concentration in the milk of the MA group (0.32 and 0.99 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively) compared to the C group (0.04 and 0.65 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively). It can be concluded that a diet supplemented with marine algae significantly improves the udder health of goats and the concentrations of health-promoting fatty acids in milk.

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Effect of somatic cell count in goat milk on yield, sensory quality, and fatty acid profile of semisoft cheese

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2009-2366 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1345-1354 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S.X. Chen ◽

J.Z. Wang ◽

J.S. Van Kessel ◽

F.Z. Ren ◽

S.S. Zeng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Goat Milk

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Effect of somatic cell count on dairy products: a review

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i1.32030 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mukta Talukder ◽

HM Manir Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Somatic Cells ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Endogenous Enzymes ◽

Fluid Milk

Somatic cells are the most essential factors naturally present in milk, and somatic cell count (SCC) is used as an indicator of monitoring mastitis incidence in the herd and also to assess the quality of milk. In addition, SCC is frequently used to determine quality payments to dairy producers. The SCC is directly related to get maximum milk production from individual cow and a lower SCC indicates better animal health, as somatic cells originate only from inside the animal's udder. SCC monitoring is important because as the number of somatic cells increases, milk yield is likely to fall, primarily due to the damage to milk-producing tissue in the udder caused by mastitis pathogens and the toxins they produce, particularly when epithelial cells are lost. Keeping low SSC will allow good quality more raw milk and provide a better product to milk processors whether used as fluid milk or converted to milk based products. Somatic cells containing lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes lead to degrade major nutrients fats and proteins, respectively. Elevated SCC is related to udder inflammation, which leads to alter the normal microbial count and physicochemical parameters of milk, as well as the quality of heat treated fluid milk and milk based product. The objective of this review is to discuss on the SSC and endogenous enzymes released from somatic cells in raw milk as well as effect of somatic cells count and their endogenous enzymes in processed milk and milk based products.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 1-9

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The effects of calving season and parity on colostrum quality of Holstein cows

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.11470 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Erdal Yayalak ◽

Musa Yavuz ◽

Serkan Özkaya

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Winter Season ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Spring Season ◽

The Mean ◽

Calving Season

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of calving season (winter and spring) and parity (first and second parity) on colostrum quality. Colostrum of 42 Holstein cows raised at a private dairy farm was used in this experiment. Calving season and parity had no effects on major components of colostrum. However, somatic cell count (SCC) and the brightness of the colostrum (L*) values were affected by calving season (Pis less than 0.05). The mean of winter colostrum SCC was lower than the spring season (P is less than0.05). The brightness of the colostrum was found to be higher in winter season than in spring season (Pis less than 0.01). Colostrometer has been used to evaluate colostrum quality and Brix refractometer and colorimeter can also be used to assess colostrum quality.

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The Use of Teat-End Hyperkeratosis to Predict Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality of Holstein Cows Raised in Egypt

Tropical Animal Science Journal ◽

10.5398/tasj.2021.44.2.213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 213-221

Author(s):

S. Abdelghany ◽

N. H. Fahim ◽

F. Samir ◽

M. A. Radwan

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Simple Linear Regression ◽

Milk Traits ◽

Unit Increase

The study aimed to investigate the association between teat-end hyperkeratosis (THK) and somatic cell count (SCC) and to assess the effect of SCC on milk yield, fat, and protein percentages of Holstein cows. A total of 740 udder quarters of 185 Holstein cows kept in three commercial herds in Egypt were enrolled in the study from May to September 2019. Foremilk samples were collected from udder quarters for assessing milk SCC, fat, and protein percentages. On the same cows, a digital picture of each teat end orifice was taken with a digital camera. Cows’ teats were assessed for THK and classified into two different groups of hyperkeratosis; mild and severe THK. SCC was converted to five classes of somatic cell score (SCS). Simple linear regression was performed to determine the loss of milk yield, fat, and protein percentages. SCC was significantly affected by THK (p<0.0001). About 57% of teats were classified as mild THK and 43% as severe THK. The teats with severe THK recorded higher SCC in milk. It was observed that SCS had a significant effect on fat and protein percentages (p<0.0001). A similar trend was shown for the effect of SCS on milk yield (p<0.05), where the highest values of milk traits were obtained for the lowest SCS. The loss of milk was 220 g/day. Also, fat and protein percentages decreased by 0.11% and 0.08%, respectively, for each unit increase in SCS, from zero to four. In conclusion, severe THK can lead to high SCC, which negatively affects milk traits.

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Effects of somatic cell count and stage of lactation on raw milk composition and the yield and quality of Cheddar cheese

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900031769 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 269-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Martin J. Auldist ◽

Stephen Coats ◽

Brian J. Sutherland ◽

Jeffery J. Mayes ◽

Graham H. McDowell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Cheddar Cheese ◽

Product Yield ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Yield And Quality

SummaryThe effects of somatic cell count and stage of lactation on the yield and quality of Cheddar cheese were investigated. Cheese was manufactured in a pilotscale factory using milk of low bulk milk cell count (BMCC) from herds in early (LE) and late (LL) lactation, and milk of high BMCC from herds in early (HE) and late (HL) lactation. The deleterious effect of an elevated BMCC on product yield and quality in late lactation was clear. Cheese made from LL milk was significantly superior to that made from HL milk for most yield and quality characteristics measured. Stage of lactation also affected cheese yield and quality, as evidenced by the lower recovery of fat and poorer flavour score for cheese from LL milk compared with that manufactured from LE milk. The observed differences could be explained largely by differences in raw milk composition. We conclude that the effect of stage of lactation was magnified by an elevated BMCC, and that many of the problems encountered when processing late season milk could be overcome by containing mastitis at this time.

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Effect of decreased milking frequency of cows in late lactation on milk somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leucocyte numbers, composition and proteolytic activity

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029998002921 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 365-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

ALAN L. KELLY ◽

SUSAN REID ◽

PATRICK JOYCE ◽

WILLIAM J. MEANEY ◽

JOHN FOLEY

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Proteolytic Activity ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Test Group ◽

Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasmin Activity ◽

Milking Frequency

The effects of reducing the frequency of milking of cows in late lactation on milk somatic cell count (SCC), polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) content, chemical composition and proteolytic activity were investigated. Intermittent milking is frequently practised by Irish farmers in late lactation, and the objective of this study was to determine whether this procedure could be linked to altered quality of milk. Seventeen Holstein Friesian cows in late lactation (>215 d in milk) were assigned to two treatment groups, and were either milked twice a day until drying-off (control group) or milked intermittently as the yield fell (test group). Milk composition and enzymic characteristics were measured on two occasions. At the first sampling, day 7, test cows were on once daily milking and at the second, day 15, the test cows were being milked every second day. Milk yields were significantly lower in test than control animals and decreased between days 7 and 15 in both groups. Milk SCC and PMN levels were increased on reducing milking frequency and, at day 15, the increase was not linked to decreased milk yield. Milk lactose levels were significantly decreased and pH, α-lactalbumin levels, plasmin activity and plasminogen activity significantly increased by reducing milking frequency. In conclusion, reduced frequency of milking in late lactation leads to the production of milk that is abnormal in character and this may be linked to reduced quality of dairy products manufactured from such milk.

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Effect of cow cleanliness in different housing systems on somatic cell count in milk

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201685010055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Wojciech Neja ◽

Mariusz Bogucki ◽

Małgorzata Jankowska ◽

Anna Sawa

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

The Body ◽

Housing System ◽

Body Parts ◽

Housing Systems ◽

Quality Of Milk

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of the housing system (tie-stall vs free-stall) on cow cleanliness, and the effect of the degree of cow dirtiness on the milk somatic cell count. Over 33% of the cows were found to be clean, with more of them in the free-stall barn. Analysis of the cleanliness of body parts showed that the highest hygiene level was characteristic of the udders and underbelly (scores of 1 for 47% and 56% of the cows, respectively). In the free-stall barn, there were over twice as many cows with clean udders (58%) and almost twice as few cows with very dirty udders. Regardless of the housing system, the degree of udder dirtiness created differences (P ≤ 0.01) in the natural log somatic cell count. The natural log somatic cell count increased from 11.54 to 12.37 on average with increased dirtiness of the udder. Greater differences in the cytological quality of milk were found in cows housed in the free-stall system. When analysing the effect of overall dirtiness of the cows and the body parts on the percentage of SCC classes, it was found that highest quality milk (< 200 000 somatic cells/ml) was produced by clean cows (71.52%). The proportion of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis was found to increase with decreasing cleanliness of the udder, especially in the free-stall system. Overall, the proportion of cows with clinical mastitis increased from 2.51% (clean cows) to 14.29% (dirty cows).

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