scholarly journals Effect of ruminal mechanical stimulating brushes on the performance of lactating Holstein dairy cows

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Radko Loucka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that artificial brushes administered to the rumen can partially replace the function of structural fibre, and increase milk production or quality. To mitigate the risks of feeding low levels of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF) to cattle, the administration of ruminal mechanical stimulating (RMS) brushes was examined in 22 high-yielding lactating Holstein dairy cows. The cows were divided into an experimental group equipped with RMS brushes and a control group without RMS. Cows were fed four experimental total mixed rations (TMR) consisting of fixed amounts of alfalfa silage, maize silage, rush corn cob mix silage and different proportions of brewer’s grains, concentrate and wheat straw. The TMRs had the following 4 peNDF contents: 10.9 %, 13.0 %, 12.6 % and 14.0 %. The duration of the experiment was 18 weeks. All cows were fed TMRs with a low structural fibre content near levels associated with a risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). For the RMS brush group, 3 RMS brushes were inserted orally into the rumen using a special applicator. The effects of RMS brushes on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production were evaluated. Ruminal fluid (250 mL) was taken using a stomach tube for pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen analysis. A significant increase was found for the feed intake and milk yield of the RMS group fed the TMRs with 13.0 % peNDF although no relationship between peNDF content and RMS TMRs was found. No significant increase in milk quality, rumen pH or rumen fermentation metabolites was declared for the group with RMS brushes. Although RMS brush technology only partially reduced the requirements for peNDF, it may decrease the risk of SARA.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Composition of Milk of Mid Lactating Dairy Cows Grazing Chicory and Ryegrass

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mancoba Mangwe ◽  
Racheal Bryant ◽  
Pablo Gregorini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

The goals of the current study were to investigate the effects of including chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) into the traditional feeding regime of ryegrass/white clover (Lolium perenne L./Trifolium repens L.), and time of its allocation on milk production, rumen fermentation, and FA composition of milk and rumen digesta of dairy cows. Nine groups of four cows were allocated one of three replicated feeding regimes: (1) ryegrass/white clover only (RGWC), (2) ryegrass/white clover + morning allocation of chicory (CHAM), and (3) ryegrass/white clover + afternoon allocation of chicory (CHPM). One cow per group had a rumen cannulae fitted. Treatment did not affect total grazing time or estimated dry matter intake, but cows ruminated more when fed RGWC than chicory. Allocating chicory in the afternoon elevated milk production compared with RGWC and CHAM. Milk from cows grazing chicory contained greater concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) such as C18:3 c9, 12, 15 and C18:2 c9, 12 than those on RGWC. As with milk, rumen digesta concentration of PUFA increased when cows grazed on chicory rather than RGWC, which corresponded with lower concentrations of intermediate vaccenic and biohydrogenation end-product stearic acid for cows grazing on chicory. Mean ruminal pH was lower for cows offered chicory than those on RGWC, reflecting greater rumen concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) for cows fed chicory. Allocating chicory during the afternoon is a useful strategy that can translate to improved milk production. The lower rumen pH, lower concentration of vaccenic and stearic acids, and elevated concentration of PUFA in the rumen of cows fed chicory suggest reduced biohydrogenation and may explain the elevated concentration of PUFA in the milk of cows fed chicory compared with those fed RGWC.

scholarly journals Alfalfa Protein Concentrate as a Less Ruminally Degradable Protein Source for High-Producing Dairy Cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
C.D. Lu ◽  
NA. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen

Ten multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 105-day continuous feeding trial to compare soybean meal (SBM) and alfalfa protein concentrate (APC) as supplemental protein sources for high-producing dairy cows. Dairy cows with an average milk production of 35.2 kg/day were paired and randomly assigned to one of the treatments. A double reversal design was employed With 35 days per period. The comparison between treatments was made during the last 21 days of each period. Experimental diets, containing 60% corn silage and 10% alfalfa hay, were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (crude protein. 15.6%; net energy tor lactation, 1.60 Mcal/kg DM). Fifty percent of dietary nitrogen was provided by test proteins. Animals were fed four times daily. Chromie oxide boluses, 50 g/day were used to estimate digestion coefficients. Ruminal protein degradability in viva (%) and in situ(%)were 56.8, 68.3 and 47.3. 35.3 for SBM and APC, respectively. Dry matter intake (kg/day) was 19.1 and 18.6 for cows fed SBM and APC. respectively. Rummal parameters cows fed SBM vs APC were, pH. 6.6 vs 6.7, ammonia nitrogen(mg/dI) 10.8 vs 6.2(p less than 0.01); total volatile fatty acids (mM), 86.3 VS 84.6(P LESS THAN 0.05), acetate (%) , 50.8 vs 64.9 (p less than 0.01); propionate dry matter , 65.3 vs 61.8; crude protein . 67.6 vs 61.1 (P less than 0.05 ) neutral detergent fiber , 51.1 vs 52.5 ; acid detergent fiber, 47.7 vs 49.0 . A slightly higher (P more than 0.05 ) amount of milk was produced by cows fed APC(28.6+_ 3.5 vs 28.2+- 3.8 kg/day). Each additional gramof undergradable intake protein provided by APC continued to a 5- gram increase in 4% fat-corrected milk production.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and blood indicators of Holstein dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Jan Dvořáček ◽  
Jan Doležal ◽  
Jana Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on ruminal fermentation in 20 Holstein dairy cows divided into control and experimental groups, each group of 10 cows. The animals received a diet based on maize silage (19 kg), alfalfa silage (15 kg), meadow hay (1.5 kg), extracted rapeseed meal (1 kg) and concentrate mixture (9.5 kg). The diets were fed as a total mixed ration. The supplement of yeast culture Levucell® SC 20 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae – CNCM I-1077; min. content 2 × 1010 CFU·g-1) was added to the concentrate mixture in the ration fed to the experimental group of animals. The addition of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased ruminal pH but had no positive effects on the increased production of volatile fatty acids. The supplementation of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased numbers of protozoa in the rumen of dairy cows of the experimental group (361.3 ± 18.315) compared to the control group (308.3 ± 37.505). The addition of yeast culture significantly (P < 0.01) increased concentration of serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, magnesium and AST (P < 0.05). As compared to the control group (4.948 ± 0.0384 mmol·l-1), the level of urea in the blood serum was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the experimental group of cows. Our results show that the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture at recommended doses enhances ruminal fermentation which may have a positive effect on milk production and health status of Holstein dairy cows.

Theoretical turnover rate of the rumen liquid fraction in dairy cows and its relationship to feed intake, rumen fermentation, and milk production

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1556-1566
Author(s):  
Makoto Mitsumori ◽  
Toshiya Hasunuma ◽  
Tomoko Okimura ◽  
Takumi Shinkai ◽  
Yosuke Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Rumen Fermentation

scholarly journals PSXIII-32 Effects of rumen-protected niacin on dry mater intake, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cow during transition period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shengli Li ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Yachun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cow ◽  
Experimental Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract The dairy cows decrease dry mater intake (DMI) before calving and are frequently in negative energy balance after calving. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-protected niacin (NA) on DMI, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cows during transition period. Eighteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated into 3 groups: (1) control diet (Con; n = 6), not supplemented with NA, (2) supplemented diet 1 (NA1; supplemented with 20 g NA/cow daily, n = 6), and (3) supplemented diet 2 (NA2; supplemented with 40 g NA/cow daily, n = 6). Experimental stage was from 49 d before calving until 21 d after calving. Daily TMR intake was monitored by Roughage Intake Control System, and daily rumination time was monitored by Hr-Tag rumination monitoring system and milk yield was recorded every day after calving. Blood samples were collected on d -49, -35, -21, -14, -7, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 relative to parturition for quantifying concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin A (OXA). The 20 g/day NA feeding increased DMI during transition period (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of NPY and OXA, which are the intake related hormones, were significant higher in NA1 than the other two groups in the first two weeks after calving (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the daily rumination time in NA1 was significantly higher than the control group from two weeks before calving to the first week after calving (P &lt; 0.01). The 20 g/day NA feeding significantly increased milk yield (P &lt; 0.05) compared to control group in early lactation. Overall, our study demonstrated that 20 g/day NA feeding could improve DMI and production in fresh cows, while those improvements were not detected with 40 g/day NA feeding.

scholarly journals Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Milk Production, Apparent Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Bacteria Composition in Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Yangyi Hao ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jingfang Si ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is an excellent and extensive type of roughage in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM silage on the milk production, apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition in Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows with a similar milk yield and parity were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The control group was fed a non-PM silage diet, and the PM-treated groups were fed 4.5 and 9.0% PM silage supplementary diets for 28 days. Then, treatment groups were fed diets containing 13.5 and 18.0% PM silage for the next 28 days, respectively. PM silage increased the milk urea nitrogen and decreased the somatic cell count (p < 0.05), but did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows. PM silage can enhance the blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and immune globulin content (p < 0.05). The PM silage significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Tyzzerella-4 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PM silage enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows, but did not influence the milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition.

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