scholarly journals PSXIII-32 Effects of rumen-protected niacin on dry mater intake, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cow during transition period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shengli Li ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Yachun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cow ◽  
Experimental Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract The dairy cows decrease dry mater intake (DMI) before calving and are frequently in negative energy balance after calving. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-protected niacin (NA) on DMI, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cows during transition period. Eighteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated into 3 groups: (1) control diet (Con; n = 6), not supplemented with NA, (2) supplemented diet 1 (NA1; supplemented with 20 g NA/cow daily, n = 6), and (3) supplemented diet 2 (NA2; supplemented with 40 g NA/cow daily, n = 6). Experimental stage was from 49 d before calving until 21 d after calving. Daily TMR intake was monitored by Roughage Intake Control System, and daily rumination time was monitored by Hr-Tag rumination monitoring system and milk yield was recorded every day after calving. Blood samples were collected on d -49, -35, -21, -14, -7, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 relative to parturition for quantifying concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin A (OXA). The 20 g/day NA feeding increased DMI during transition period (P < 0.05). The concentrations of NPY and OXA, which are the intake related hormones, were significant higher in NA1 than the other two groups in the first two weeks after calving (P < 0.05). Moreover, the daily rumination time in NA1 was significantly higher than the control group from two weeks before calving to the first week after calving (P < 0.01). The 20 g/day NA feeding significantly increased milk yield (P < 0.05) compared to control group in early lactation. Overall, our study demonstrated that 20 g/day NA feeding could improve DMI and production in fresh cows, while those improvements were not detected with 40 g/day NA feeding.

Milk production, peripartal liver triglyceride concentration and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with calcium soaps or hydrogenated triglycerides of palm oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Karcagi ◽  
Tibor Gaál ◽  
Piroska Ribiczey ◽  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
Ferenc Husvéth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Triglyceride

The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplements of different chemical forms or containing different unsaturated/saturated (U/S) fatty acid contents on milk production, milk composition and liver and blood metabolic variables of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into three equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without fat supplementation (control) or supplemented with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS; U/S=61/39) or with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride (HTG; U/S=6/94). Each diet was fed from 25±2 d prior to the expected calving to 100±5 d post partum. Compared with the control, both CAS and HTG supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield. Milk fat content and fat-corrected milk yield were higher in the HTG group but lower in the CAS group than in the control group. In all groups liver triglyceride concentrations (TGL) increased from 15 d prepartum to 5 d post partum, and then decreased thereafter. At 5 d TGL was lower in the HTG group than control or CAS cows. No significant differences were detected in TGL among dietary treatments at 15 d prepartum and 25 d post partum. Higher plasma glucose and insulin and lower non-esterified fattay acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured in the HTG group than in the control or CAS groups at 5 d or 25 d post partum. Our results show that HTG may provide a better energy supply for high-yielding dairy cows in negative energy balance than CAS around calving.

scholarly journals Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Milk Production, Apparent Digestibility, Antioxidant Capacity, and Fecal Bacteria Composition in Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Yangyi Hao ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jingfang Si ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Bacteria ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera; PM) is an excellent and extensive type of roughage in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM silage on the milk production, apparent digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and fecal bacteria composition in Holstein dairy cows. Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows with a similar milk yield and parity were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The control group was fed a non-PM silage diet, and the PM-treated groups were fed 4.5 and 9.0% PM silage supplementary diets for 28 days. Then, treatment groups were fed diets containing 13.5 and 18.0% PM silage for the next 28 days, respectively. PM silage increased the milk urea nitrogen and decreased the somatic cell count (p < 0.05), but did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield, apparent digestibility, and energy balance of dairy cows. PM silage can enhance the blood total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and immune globulin content (p < 0.05). The PM silage significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Tyzzerella-4 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PM silage enhanced the antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cows, but did not influence the milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and fecal bacteria composition.

Effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Holstein dairy cows in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
T. Vafa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Reproduction and milk production are the principal factors that are influencing dairy farm profitability. The dairy industry in Iran has changed dramatically in the last decade. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds in Iran is associated with a decrease reproductive efficiency (Heravi Moussavi et al., 2004). Increased knowledge about the principal causes of reduced fertility is essential. The root cause of the declining fertility is probably a combination of a variety of physiological and management factors that have an additive effect on reproductive efficiency. Dairy cattle are inseminated and pregnancy is established while dairy cows are lactating. Based on the analyses of large datasets, there is clearly an antagonistic relationship between milk production and reproduction in dairy cattle (Lucy, 2001). It was shown that the hazard ratio for cumulative first 60-day milk yield and conception in high producer cows was 8 percent less than the others and also high milk yield was a risk factor for several reproductive disorders (Grohn and Rajala-Schultz, 2000). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of first 60-day cumulative milk yield on days open in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.

Consequences for reproductive function of metabolic adaption to load

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Webb ◽  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. G. Gong ◽  
R. S. Robinson ◽  
D. C. Wathes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Embryo Survival

AbstractAn effective method for enhancing milk production efficiency in dairy cows is to increase milk yield and significant progress has been achieved through intense selection, assisted by the application of new reproductive techniques. However this increased milk yield has been accompanied by a slow but steady decline in dairy cow fertility. The two main reasons for this reducing level of fertility appear to be selection for increased milk yield and large herd sizes, although the affect of the introduction of Holstein genes needs to be investigated. In addition, other negative consequences such as an increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases and lameness have been observed. This has given rise to public concern that the high-yielding dairy cow may be under a state of metabolic stress during peak lactation and therefore the welfare and performance of other body functions are compromised.The reason for this decline in fertility is not well understood, although a nutritional influence on the initiation of oestrous cycles, follicular growth, oocyte quality and early embryonic development has been implicated. In early lactation dietary intake is unable to meet the demands of milk production and most cows enter a period of negative energy balance. Negative energy balance has a broadly similar effect to undernutrition leading to a mobilization of body reserves. Furthermore diets high in rumen degradable protein lead to an excess of rumen ammonia, which before it is converted to urea by the liver and excreted in the urine, may cause an alteration in the reproductive tract environment reducing embryo survival. Such major changes in the metabolic and endocrine systems can therefore influence fertility at a number of key points.Possible reproductive sites where inadequate nutrition may have detrimental effects include: (i) the hypothalamic/pituitary gland where gonadotropin release may be impaired; (ii) a direct effect on the ovaries, where both follicular growth patterns and corpus luteum function may be directly influenced; (iii) the quality of the oocyte prior to ovulation may be reduced and coupled with an inadequate uterine environment will result in reduced embryo survival and (iv) there may be effects on subsequent embryo development. The initiation of normal oestrous cycles post partum is usually delayed in dairy cows with a higher genetic merit for milk production, confirming that intense selection towards high milk yield can compromise reproductive function. In addition, the effects of increased milk yield may include changes in circulating GH and insulin concentrations, which in turn alter both insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF binding protein production. Nutrition has recently been shown to have a direct effect at the level of both the ovaries and the uterus to alter the expression of these growth factors.In conclusion, further knowledge is required to determine how the metabolic changes associated with high milk output reduce fertility. Identification and understanding of the mechanisms involved and the key sites of action responsible for compromised reproductive function, will enable the identification of possible indices for future multiple-trait selection programmes.

scholarly journals The role of rumen-protected choline in hepatic function and performance of transition dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Shahsavari ◽  
Michael J. D’Occhio ◽  
Rafat Al Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects

AbstractHigh-producing dairy cows enter a period of negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation. Energy intake is usually sufficient to cover the increase in energy requirements for fetal growth during the period before calving, but meeting the demand for energy is often difficult during the early stages of lactation. A catabolic state predominates during the transition period, leading to the mobilisation of energy reserves (NEFA and amino acids) that are utilised mainly by the liver and muscle. Increased uptake of mobilised NEFA by the liver, combined with the limited capacity of hepatocytes to either oxidise fatty acids for energy or to incorporate esterified fatty acids into VLDL results in fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. This metabolic disturbance can affect the general health, and it causes economic losses. Different nutritional strategies have been used to restrict negative effects associated with the energy challenge in transition cows. The provision of choline in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC) can potentially improve liver function by increasing VLDL exportation from the liver. RPC increases gene expression of microsomal TAG transfer protein and APOB100 that are required for VLDL synthesis and secretion. Studies with RPC have looked at gene expression, metabolic hormones, metabolite profiles, milk production and postpartum reproduction. A reduction in liver fat and enhanced milk production has been observed with RPC supplementation. However, the effects of RPC on health and reproduction are equivocal, which could reflect the lack of sufficient dose–response studies.

294 Effect of Supplementing Rumen-protected Methionine on Production, Apparent Digestibility and Economic Effectiveness in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
Jialin Wei ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Yuanxiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) levels and supplementing rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on production, apparent digestibility of nutrients and economic effectiveness of lactating Holstein cows. A total of 96 (60 ± 7 d in milk; 34.39 ± 5.74 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD) lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON); diet containing 16.4% CP with supplementing 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM). All the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of SAS (SAS version 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.). No effects were observed of reducing dietary CP on somatic cell counts, milk yield and milk composition including fat, protein, lactose, total solid, solids-not-fat and milk urea nitrogen. The total apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar between treatments, while RPM group had higher calcium digestion (44.24% vs. 42.75% ± 10.13%) and phosphorus digestion (48.50% vs. 45.96% ± 12.90%) numerically. In addition, supplying the diet of 16.4% CP with RPM supplementation to cows could reduce feeding cost by 0.5 $/d per cow and boost net profits. In conclusion, lower dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients, and also could improve the economic benefits of the dairy farms.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine on Production Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Blood Parameters, Ruminal Metabolites and Economic Effectiveness in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Wei ◽  
Mengying Dou ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Bichuan Yan ◽  
Cuiyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract Background: Because of disadvantages of excessive dietary crude protein (CP), decreasing dietary CP of dairy cows has attracted the worldwide attention. Rumen protected methionine (RPM) supplementation can allow lower CP diets and is beneficial to milk production performance, N efficiency of cows and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary CP and supplementing RPM on production, digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, ruminal metabolites and economic effectiveness in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Results: A total of 96 lactating cows (63 ± 25 d in milk; 34.4 ± 5.74 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON; n = 49); diet containing 16.4% CP with supplementing 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM; n = 47). No effect was observed of reducing dietary CP on milk yield and milk composition. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar between treatments. The results related to blood showed that cows in RPM group exhibited lower concentration of blood urea nitrogen than that in CON group (P < 0.001). Moreover, there were no differences between treatments on concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, globulin and albumin. In ruminal metabolites, microbial crude protein (MCP) of dairy cows in RPM group was higher compared with CON group (P = 0.006). Ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were not changed by treatments except that the concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate of RPM group were higher than that of CON group at 2 h after feeding (P < 0.05). In addition, supplying the diet of 16.4% CP with RPM supplementation to cows could reduce feeding cost by 0.5 $/d per cow and boost net profits. Conclusions: Lower dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients, and could improve nitrogen utilization of dairy cows and synthesis of MCP in rumen, change VFA production at 2 h after feeding, as well as boost the economic benefits of the dairy farms.

scholarly journals Effect of ruminal mechanical stimulating brushes on the performance of lactating Holstein dairy cows

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Radko Loucka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that artificial brushes administered to the rumen can partially replace the function of structural fibre, and increase milk production or quality. To mitigate the risks of feeding low levels of physically effective neutral detergent fibre (peNDF) to cattle, the administration of ruminal mechanical stimulating (RMS) brushes was examined in 22 high-yielding lactating Holstein dairy cows. The cows were divided into an experimental group equipped with RMS brushes and a control group without RMS. Cows were fed four experimental total mixed rations (TMR) consisting of fixed amounts of alfalfa silage, maize silage, rush corn cob mix silage and different proportions of brewer’s grains, concentrate and wheat straw. The TMRs had the following 4 peNDF contents: 10.9 %, 13.0 %, 12.6 % and 14.0 %. The duration of the experiment was 18 weeks. All cows were fed TMRs with a low structural fibre content near levels associated with a risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). For the RMS brush group, 3 RMS brushes were inserted orally into the rumen using a special applicator. The effects of RMS brushes on feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production were evaluated. Ruminal fluid (250 mL) was taken using a stomach tube for pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen analysis. A significant increase was found for the feed intake and milk yield of the RMS group fed the TMRs with 13.0 % peNDF although no relationship between peNDF content and RMS TMRs was found. No significant increase in milk quality, rumen pH or rumen fermentation metabolites was declared for the group with RMS brushes. Although RMS brush technology only partially reduced the requirements for peNDF, it may decrease the risk of SARA.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN (FH) PADA PERIODE LAKTASI YANG BERBEDA (Milk Production of Friesian Holstein (FH) Cows at Different Lactation Periods)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmud ◽  
Woro Busono ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo ◽  
Yuli Arif Tribudi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Peak Lactation ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This research was conducted in PT Greenfields Indonesia, Babadan Village, Ngajum Districts, Malang, East Java. The purpose of the study was to compare the milk production of FH (Friesian Holstein) dairy cows in various lactation periods. The material used in this research was data records of Australian FH, which have been developed in the Greenfields Indonesia farm. The data used were from 473 dairy cows, which consisted of 100 heads for each lactation period from the period I up to period IV and 73 heads for lactation period V. The variables measured were milk production 305 day 2X ME, daily milk yield production, peak day production, and the peak lactation. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the result showed differences, the analysis was continued using the Duncan test. The results showed that the increase in the lactation period significantly (P<0.01) decreased milk production and increased the duration of lactation peaks of FH cows. The highest milk production 305 day 2X ME was in the lactation period II, which was around 10232.90 ± 1036.62 kg/lactation or 32 ± 5.13 kg/day. In this period, the peak day in milk lactation was 71.5 ± 27.5 days, and the peak of milk production was 45.7 ± 4.1 kg/day. In conclusion, milk production increased from the first lactation period to the second lactation period and then decreased in subsequent periods. The peak of the first lactation period was reached longer, then falls in the second lactation period and then increases again at the following lactation period

Dietary supplementation with selenium and vitamin E improves milk yield, composition and rheological properties of dairy Jonica goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
Vito Laudadio
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VitE) on milk yield, composition and renneting parameters in dairy Jonica breed goats. Forty multiparous lactating goats fed the same basal diet were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: for 135 days, the experimental period. Basal diet was composed by ad libitum mixed vetch-oat hay and a definite amount of a pelleted concentrate. Dietary treatments included: (1) the control diet containing background Se and VitE only, and (2) the experimental diet containing sodium selenite as the Se supplement in concentrate (0·20 mg/head per day of Na-selenite and 20 mg/day per head of VitE). During the trial, no significant differences (P>0·05) were registered in dry matter intake and body weight gain among groups. Goats fed Se-VitE diet showed the highest milk production (P<0·05), and fat (P<0·01) and protein (P<0·05) yields and percentages. Somatic cell count were significantly lower in Se-VitE diet compared with control group (P<0·05). Significant differences (P<0·05) were observed in milk renneting properties. Based on our results, it was concluded that dietary supplementation with SE and VitE led to an increase of milk production and quality in Jonica goat, with positively improvement in milk coagulation aptitude.

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