The diffusion of antimony in heavily doped and n- and p-type silicon

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Fair ◽  
M.L. Manda ◽  
J.J. Wortman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Pairing Model ◽  
Heavily Doped ◽  
P Type ◽  
Charge Point

The diffusion of Sb in heavily doped n- and p-type Si has been studied to determine the activation energies and charge states of the point defects responsible for Sb diffusion. It is shown that neutral point defects, probably Vx, dominate under intrinsic doping conditions. For samples doped with high-concentration As or P backgrounds, Sb diffusion is dominated by a double-negatively charge point defect that causes an n2 concentration-dependent Sb diffusivity. Electric-field effects also are important. The measured diffusion coefficients are Dix = 17.5 exp(−4.05 eV/kT), and Di= = 0.01 exp(−3.75 eV/kT). The activation energies are consistent with diffusion via Vx and V= vacancies. Retarded diffusion of Sb in p+-doped samples with uniform B profiles fits an ion pairing model where Sb+B− pairs form to reduce the flux of Sb atoms.

Formation of Cylindrical Nanoholes in Heavily Doped P-Type Si(100) Substrate via Pt Nanoparticles-Assisted Chemical Etching

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Zhu ◽  
Lian Jie Li ◽  
Qing Qing Sun ◽  
Hong Liang Lu ◽  
Shi Jin Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Post Deposition Annealing ◽  
Heavily Doped ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
P Type ◽  
Post Deposition

Metal assisted chemical etching of heavily doped p-type Si(100) wafer was investigated in a solution containing HF and hydrogen peroxide using Pt nanoparticles as catalyst. The Pt nanoparticles were formed on Si(100) substrate by magnetron sputtering and post-deposition annealing. In a solution containing low concentration HF, formation of cylindrical nanoholes are unstable in the early stage of the etching process. After that, nanoholes with diameters ranging from 40 to 50 nm are stably formed in silicon substrate and the calculated growing rate is 60 nm/min. Instead, in a solution containing high concentration HF, cylindrical nanoholes with a diameter of about 10 nm can be stably produced in silicon substrate all the time and the growing rate is increased to as fast as 160 nm/min. In both cases, no Pt nanoparticles are observed at the bottom of the nanoholes. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of the aforementioned phenomena are also discussed.

scholarly journals Polymer Dispersed Cholesteric Liquid Crystals With a Toroidal Director Configuration under an Electric Field

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Anna P. Gardymova ◽  
Mikhail N. Krakhalev ◽  
Victor Ya. Zyryanov ◽  
Alexandra A. Gruzdenko ◽  
Andrey A. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal ◽  
Dichroic Dye ◽  
Polymer Dispersed

The electro-optical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are highly dependent on the features of the contained liquid crystal (LC) droplets. Cholesteric LC droplets with homeotropic boundaries can form several topologically different orientational structures, including ones with single and more point defects, layer-like, and axisymmetric twisted toroidal structures. These structures are very sensitive to an applied electric field. In this work, we have demonstrated experimentally and by computer simulations that twisted toroidal droplets reveal strong structural response to the electric field. In turn, this leads to vivid changes in the optical texture in crossed polarizers. The response of droplets of different sizes were found to be equivalent in terms of dimensionless parameters. In addition, the explanation of this phenomenon showed a comparison of theoretical and experimental structural response curves aids to determine the shape of the droplet. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of a dichroic dye allows such films to be used as optical filters with adjustable color even without polarizers.

Electric-Field Effects on Reactions Between Oxides

1997 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Johnson ◽  
Shelley R. Gilliss ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Interfacial Stability ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Thin Film Diffusion ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

ABSTRACTThin films of In2O3 and Fe2O3 have been deposited on (001) MgO using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). These thin-film diffusion couples were then reacted in an applied electric field at elevated temperatures. In this type of solid-state reaction, both the reaction rate and the interfacial stability are affected by the transport properties of the reacting ions. The electric field provides a very large external driving force that influences the diffusion of the cations in the constitutive layers. This induced ionic current causes changes in the reaction rates, interfacial stability and distribution of the phases. Through the use of electron microscopy techniques the reaction kinetics and interface morphology have been investigated in these spinel-forming systems, to gain a better understanding of the influence of an electric field on solid-state reactions.

Temperature and electric field effects on the dynamic modes in a spin current auto-oscillator

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Chen ◽  
Yaoyu Gu ◽  
Kaiyuan Zhou ◽  
Zishuang Li ◽  
Liyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Spin Current ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Field Effects

scholarly journals Migration of mineral oil in elastomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Förster ◽  
Artur Blivernitz
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Suitable Measure

AbstractThis work describes a newly introduced experimental procedure to quantify the diffusion progress of mineral oils locally resolved in NBR. Diffusion of reference oils IRM 901, IRM 902 and IRM 903 in NBR with various acrylonitrile contents was investigated. Classical sorption experiments were performed as a basic characterization and compared to the newly introduced method. Here, elastomer specimens are only being dipped with the bottom in a relatively small reservoir of mineral oil. This provides a determination of locally resolved concentration profiles of mineral oils, and the calculation of diffusion coefficients. These diffusion coefficients follow the same trends like those determined via sorption experiments. Despite differences in the absolute numbers, activation energies of diffusion can be applied as a suitable measure for the compatibility of elastomers and fluids.

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