Effect of nanomaterials in platinum-decorated carbon nanotube paste-based electrodes for amperometric glucose detection

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jining Xie ◽  
Shouyan Wang ◽  
L. Aryasomayajula ◽  
V.K. Varadan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Current Response ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The effect of nanomaterials in platinum-decorated, multiwalled, carbon nanotube-based electrodes for amperometric glucose sensing was investigated by a comparative study with other carbon material-based electrodes such as graphite, glassy carbon, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to investigate their morphologies and crystallinities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to compare the electrochemical characteristics of these electrodes. The glucose-sensing results from the chronoamperometric measurements indicated that carbon nanotubes improve the linearity of the current response to glucose concentrations over a wide range, and that platinum decoration of the carbon nanotubes produces improved electrochemical performance with a higher sensitivity.

UNUSUAL ELECTROCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING ON MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

NANO ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-SHAN YE ◽  
GUANGQUAN MO ◽  
WEI DE ZHANG ◽  
XIAO LIU ◽  
FWU-SHAN SHEU
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Total Disappearance ◽  
Electrocatalytic Effects

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can be etched at potentials more positive than 1.7 V versus Ag / AgCl (3 M KCl ) in 0.2 M HNO 3. The electrochemically etched MWNTs show an increase in electrochemical impedance and sluggish electron transfer kinetics, and lose the electrocatalytic effects toward the oxidation of glucose, H 2 O 2, uric acid (UA) and L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images reveal that the nanotube tips are cut off by electrochemical oxidation. This may lead to the degradation of electrocatalytic ability in the MWNTs. Furthermore, the current response after different electrochemically etched cycles shows that the electrocatalytic ability of the MWNTs toward different molecules can be tuned by etched cycles. For example, five etched cycles leads to the total disappearance of the oxidative response to L-AA, with the remaining over 50% of the UA current response in the L-AA and UA mixture. Thus, electrochemical etching is a simple yet novel way to tune the electrocatalytic reactivity and improve the selectivity of the MWNTs.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A POLY(PYRROLYL METHANE)/MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES COMPOSITES

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350063
Author(s):  
JINXIAN LIN ◽  
PAN WANG ◽  
YUYING ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Transmission Electron

A poly(pyrrolyl methane) (Poly[pyrrole-2, 5-diyl(4-methoxybenzylidane)], PPDMOBA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) composites are fabricated by in situ chemical polycondensation of pyrrole and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde on MWNTs. The structure, morphology, thermal stability and electrical property of the resulting composites are investigated via fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a four-probe method. The electrochemical performance of the composites is determined in a three-electrode system using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. FTIR, FESEM and TEM confirm that the composites have been successfully prepared, and PPDMOBA is uniformly dispersed in MWNTs. Electrical conductivity of PPDMOBA/MWNTs composites is 1.39 S cm-1, which is significantly larger than that of pristine PPDMOBA. The specific capacitance and charge transfer resistance of the composites is 56 F g-1 (1 mA cm-2) and 0.3Ω, respectively.

Synthesis of Physically Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Al-Si Nanocomposite by Spark Plasma Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1542-1547
Author(s):  
Anway Maiti ◽  
Ram S. Maurya ◽  
Tapas Laha
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spark Plasma

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced Al-Si (11 wt%) alloy based nanocomposites were synthesized by spark plasma sintering using high energy ball milled nanocrystalline Al-Si powders mixed with physically functionalized MWCNTs. Improvement in MWCNT dispersion and associated improvement in densification of the nanocomposites were confirmed. The microhardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites measured by nanoindentation exhibited appreciable improvement. Grain size measurement by X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed achievement of nanocrystalline grains in Al-Si powder after ball milling, as well as in the consolidated nanocomposites. TEM analysis was performed to reveal the dislocation activity, effect of presence of primary Si and distribution of MWCNTs in the nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Elucidating How Surface Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Affects Nanostructured MWCNT/Titania Hybrid Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Fu Yang ◽  
Wei-Chieh Hsu ◽  
Song-Mao Wu ◽  
Chean-Cheng Su
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Acyl Chloride ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Functionalized Mwcnts

The new class of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/titania nanocomposites was prepared using a sol-gel technique. The addition of titania to MWCNTs has the potential to provide new capability for the development of electrical devices by taking advantage of the favorable electric characteristics of MWCNTs. MWCNTs were first functionalized with carboxyl, acyl chloride, amine, and hydroxyl groups and were then dispersed in a tetraisopropyl titanate (TIPT) solution via ultrasonic processing. After gelation, well-dispersed titania in the MWCNT/titania nanocomposites was obtained. Functionalized MWCNTs with varied functional groups were proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the nanocomposites, the degree of the sol-gel process were proved by Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Furthermore, the morphology of the MWCNT/titania nanocomposites was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the sol-gel process, the functionalized MWCNTs with carboxyl, acyl chloride, amine, and hydroxyl groups have resulted in the carbon nanotube-graft-titania nanocomposites with a network structure of titania between the carbon nanotubes.

Synthesis of Three Dimensional Graphene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites Hydrogel and Investigation of their Electrochemical Properties as Electrodes of Supercapacitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Da Wei He ◽  
Hong Lu Wu ◽  
Zeng Hui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reduced Graphene

A facile synthesis method of three dimensional reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hydrogel was introduced. Hydrogel samples which were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used as the electrode of supercapacitor. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) were used to investigate the Supercapacitors which we have fabricated. Because MWCNTs inserting into layers of RGO homogeneously prevent the layers of RGO from stacking and enlarge the specific surface area of graphene, the specific capacitance of RGO/MWCNTs material has been greatly improved. At the current density of 0.2A/g, the specific capacitance of RGO/MWCNTs electrode is about 176F/g, which means a 52% increasement compared to which of pure RGO material electrode. And the specific capacitance of RGO/MWCNTs also achieves a good rate property.

Synthesis and characterization of chiral poly(amide-imide) composite thin films containing functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rafiee ◽  
Milad Kolaee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

The chiral poly(amide-imide) (PAI) was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of imide-dicarboxylic acid, N-trimellitylimido-l-phenylalanine with diamine and 1,5-naphthalenediamine. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polymer composite films were prepared via dispersing of acid-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNT-COOH) as reinforcement at MWCNT loadings of 5, 10, and 15 wt%. The PAI/MWCNT composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results confirmed that the carboxylated MWCNTs were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis data showed an improvement of thermal stability of composites containing the MWCNT as compared to the pure polymer. In this research, PAI/MWCNT composite 15 wt% was used as a novel and efficient adsorbent for removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution.

Chemical splitting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes to enhance electrochemical capacitance for supercapacitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 1450057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlu Li ◽  
Tongtao Li ◽  
Xinlin Zhang ◽  
Qineng Zhong ◽  
Hongyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitance ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Pristine Mwcnts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chemically split and self-assembled to a flexible porous paper made of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs). The morphology and microstructure of the pristine MWCNTs and GONRs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. And the specific surface area and porosity structure were measured by N 2 adsorption-desorption. The longitudinally split MWCNTs show an enhancement in specific capacitance from 21 F g-1 to 156 F g-1 compared with the pristine counterpart at 0.1 A g-1 in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolytes. The electrochemical experiments prove that the chemical splitting of MWCNTs will make inner carbon layers opened and exposed to electrochemical double layers, which can effectively improve the electrochemical capacitance for supercapacitors.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni(OH)2/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Capacitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2968-2971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Jun Yu ◽  
Ying Dai ◽  
Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Discharge Current Density ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Charge Discharge

Ni(OH)2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ni(OH)2/MWNTs) nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The microstructures of such nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties studies were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostaitc charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. The presence of MWNTs network in the Ni(OH)2 significantly improved the electrical conductivity of the host Ni(OH)2 by the fromation of conducting network of MWNT and the active sites for the redox rection of the metal hydroxide. The specific capacitance of the new composites was significantly improved (MWNTs of 20 wt.%, 2144 F/g) compared to Ni(OH)2 (MWNTs of 0 wt.%, 1772 F/g) in 6 M KOH solution at a charge-discharge current density of 4 mA/cm2. Therefore, the Ni(OH)2/MWNTs nanocomposites can be a potential application electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.

Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes in organic liquids

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2457-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Zhang ◽  
Mikka N.-Gamo ◽  
Kiyoharu Nakagawa ◽  
Toshihiro Ando
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Aligned Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Right

A simple and novel method was developed for efficient synthesis of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in methanol and ethanol under normal pressure. The CNTs' alignment and structures were investigated using Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy. A unique kind of coupled CNT was synthesized in which one rotated to the left and one rotated to the right. Chains periodically bridged the coupled CNTs. The growth mechanism of the CNTs within organic liquid is proposed to be a catalytic process at the Fe film surface in a dynamic and thermal nonequilibrium condition in organic liquids.

scholarly journals A Review: Carbon Nanotube-Based Piezoresistive Strain Sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waris Obitayo ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Electrical Resistivities

The use of carbon nanotubes for piezoresistive strain sensors has acquired significant attention due to its unique electromechanical properties. In this comprehensive review paper, we discussed some important aspects of carbon nanotubes for strain sensing at both the nanoscale and macroscale. Carbon nanotubes undergo changes in their band structures when subjected to mechanical deformations. This phenomenon makes them applicable for strain sensing applications. This paper signifies the type of carbon nanotubes best suitable for piezoresistive strain sensors. The electrical resistivities of carbon nanotube thin film increase linearly with strain, making it an ideal material for a piezoresistive strain sensor. Carbon nanotube composite films, which are usually fabricated by mixing small amounts of single-walled or multiwalled carbon nanotubes with selected polymers, have shown promising characteristics of piezoresistive strain sensors. Studies also show that carbon nanotubes display a stable and predictable voltage response as a function of temperature.

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