Sodium Hydride as Alternative Energy Having Hydrogen Absorption and Hydrogen Generation Functions and Hydrogen Fuel Cycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Murahara ◽  
Toshio Ohkawara
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Hydride ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolysis ◽  
Sodium Metal

ABSTRACTHydrogen was converted to such a material as coal or oil with a low specific gravity so that it could be stored for a longer period and transported for a long distance at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure; which is sodium metal or sodium hydride. Sodium metal is produced with molten-salt electrolysis from seawater by wind power and transported to a thermoelectric power station in the consumption place for hydrogen-fueled combustion power generation. Sodium hydroxide, a waste, is re-electrolyzed to produce sodium for hydrogen generation; which constructs a hydrogen fuel cycle. This hydrogen fuel cycle is a clean, environmentally friendly recycle system that never requires repeated supply of raw materials in the same manner as the nuclear fuel cycle. Sodium or sodium hydride is an alternative energy.

Salt as Alternative Energy Material to Fossil Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1492 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Masataka Murahara ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Toshio Okawara
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolysis ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

ABSTRACTSalt is the raw material of sodium metal, which reacts with water to produce hydrogen for power generation. Sodium metal is solid matter and its specific gravity is low; therefore, it can be stored or transported for long at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure as oil and coal can. Sodium metal is produced with molten-salt electrolysis from sea salt, lake salt or rock salt, and securely kept immersed in kerosene for preventing it from reacting with air or moisture when transported to a consumer place; where it reacts violently with water to generate a large amount of hydrogen instantly. And sodium hydroxide, which is a reaction residue obtained after the production of hydrogen, is supplied as it is as the raw material of soda industries. Moreover, fresh water, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and magnesium are generated as by-products in the processes of manufacturing sodium metal and generating hydrogen. Sodium metal can be an alternative energy material for hydrogen combustion power generation, having a far-reaching economic effect.

On-site sodium metal production with electrolysis by offshore wind or solar cell power generation for hydrogen generation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Murahara ◽  
Kazuichi Seki ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Etsuo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Material ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
By Products

AbstractSodium metal reacts with water explosively to generate hydrogen. Therefore, sodium metal can have an important role as a hydrogen storage material. Seawater contains water most and sodium second. Seawater is electrolyzed by offshore wind or solar cell power generation to produce sodium; which is transported to a thermoelectric power plant on land and then is reacted with water to produce hydrogen for electric power generation. Sodium hydroxide, a by-product, is used as a raw material for soda industries. In the sodium production process, many by-products such as fresh water, magnesium, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid are produced. Thus, sodium metal is an economical, renewable, and sustainable fuel that discharges neither CO2 nor radioactivity.

scholarly journals Overview of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Recent Advancement from Fundamentals to Applications: MFC Designs, Major Elements, and Scalability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami G. A. Flimban ◽  
Taeyoung Kim ◽  
Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail ◽  
Sang-Eun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Power Sources

Fossil fuels and carbon origin resources are affecting our environment. Therefore, alternative energy sources have to be established to co-produce energy along with fossil fuels and carbon origin resources until it is the right time to replace them. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a promising technology in the field of energy production. Compared to the conventional power sources it is more efficient and not controlled by the Carnot cycle. Its high efficiencies, low noise, and less pollutant output could make it revolutionize in the power generation industry with a shift from centrally located generating stations and long-distance transmission lines to dispersed power generation at load sites. In this review, several characteristics of the MFC technology will be highlighted. First, a brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells and subsequently, microbial fuel cells is presented. Second, the focus is then shifted to elements responsible for the making MFC working with efficiency. Setup of the MFC system for every element and their assembly is then introduced, followed by an explanation of the working machinery principle. Finally, microbial fuel cell designs and types of main configurations used are presented along with scalability of the technology for the proper application.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on the Implementation of Renewable Biodiesel Fuel for Automotive and Power Plants: Raw Materials Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jayan Sentanuhady ◽  
Wisnu Hozaifa Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Source

The issue of energy availability and the impact of global warming has become a specific concern for researchers in various countries in the world. This condition opens up space for potential alternative energy sources that are newer and more sustainable. Biodiesel as a sustainable alternative energy can be applied directly to industrial and automotive fields and even as a fuel source for power plants. This study provides a specific overview of the use and development of biodiesel as a fuel source for renewable power generation based on material sources. An essential part of this study discusses the development of various combinations of biodiesel mixtures and their applications in various types of industries. The physical and chemical characteristics of various types of biodiesel have been studied for their use in various parts of the world. The use of biodiesel has a positive effect on reducing emissions and pollutants, but a particular method is needed to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness, both technically and nontechnically. However, the utilization accompanied by optimizing the characteristics and parameters of biodiesel shows that this alternative energy is feasible and can be applied as a renewable fuel source for automotive industry and power generation in the future.

Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Natarajan Narayanan ◽  
Vasudevan Mangottiri ◽  
Kiruba Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Beings

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations, and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade, etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants. Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario. One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and simultaneously achieving resource recovery.

Catalytically active coatings for steam reforming systems: synthesis and catalytic properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
M. L. Shishkova ◽  
N. V. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Conversion Of Methane ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Metal Support

The paper considers science and engineering aspects of catalytically active compositions creation as regards immobilized catalysts for reforming hydrocarbon raw materials into hydrogen fuel. The authors investigate synthesis of catalytic powder mixtures and manufacturing of functional coatings by supersonic cold gas dynamic spraying. Research results in the field of creation of catalysts for steam conversion of methane to hydrogenous fuel on the metal support (Cr15Al15 tape support) are given. Composite powder mixtures (Ni–Al–Al(OH)3– Ca(OH)2–Mg(OH)2) were used as starting materials.

scholarly journals Alternative energy in vegetable and crushed wood raw materials drying processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 012024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh R Mukhametzyanov ◽  
R R Safin ◽  
G F Ilalova ◽  
A R Mukhtarova ◽  
A I Shageeva
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials

Edges and interactions beyond Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Wells ◽  
Naoise Mac Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
The North Atlantic

Iron Age Europe, once studied as a relatively closed, coherent continent, is being seen increasingly as a dynamic part of the much larger, interconnected world. Interactions, direct and indirect, with communities in Asia, Africa, and, by the end of the first millennium AD, North America, had significant effects on the peoples of Iron Age Europe. In the Near East and Egypt, and much later in the North Atlantic, the interactions can be linked directly to historically documented peoples and their rulers, while in temperate Europe the evidence is exclusively archaeological until the very end of the prehistoric Iron Age. The evidence attests to often long-distance interactions and their effects in regard to the movement of peoples, and the introduction into Europe of raw materials, crafted objects, styles, motifs, and cultural practices, as well as the ideas that accompanied them.

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