scholarly journals Diffusion-bonded CNT carpets for fundamental CDI studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Enright ◽  
R. Mitchell ◽  
H. Mutha ◽  
C. Lv ◽  
M. Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Multi Scale

ABSTRACTUncertainty about future energy and water supplies suggests a pressing need to develop efficient technologies for water desalination. Capacitive deionization (CDI), a method that captures ions in the electrical double layer (EDL) of an electrochemical capacitor, is a promising technology that can potentially fulfill those requirements. Similar to supercapacitors, ideal CDI electrodes should have a large electrolyte-accessible specific surface area available for ion adsorption with rapid charging/discharging characteristics. Unlike supercapacitors, CDI electrodes are required to operate in aqueous electrolytes with low ionic concentrations in a non-linear charging regime. To explore this practically and theoretically important regime, we developed robust, electrochemically-compatible carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet electrodes that posses a well-defined and uniform pore structure that is more readily analyzed in comparison to the random and multi-scale pore structure of typical carbon electrodes. The fabricated electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic charging in aqueous NaCl solutions (no = 20 - 90 mM) using a three electrode setup. Examination of the CV and potentiostatically-measured capacitances were consistent with EDL behavior dictated by the Stern layer. However, some deviations from the expected behavior were observed with increasing salt concentration during potentiostatic testing.

Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis of Carbon Based Electrochemical Capacitor in Aqueous Electrolytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Noor Amalina Raja Seman ◽  
Rose Farahiyan Munawar ◽  
Jeeferie Abd Razak ◽  
Nor Najihah Zulkapli ◽  
Mohd Shahril Amin Bistamam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis ◽  
Carbon Based

In this study, a mixture of activated carbon (AC) and graphene (G) was coated onto the stainless steel (SS) mesh to produce an electrode for the electrochemical capacitor (EC). Different materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) mixed with G, were also used in this experiment to compare the electrochemical properties of both electrodes. The electrochemical properties of the electrode were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV curves of the AC/G electrodes showed good capacitive behaviour, and the highest capacitance values obtained for AC/G and CNT/G electrodes in 1M H2SO4 at 1 mVs-1 were 13 Fg-1 and 4.34 Fg-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest capacitance values obtained in 6M KOH at 1 mVs-1 were 14 Fg-1 and 12.07 Fg-1 for AC/G and CNT/G electrodes, respectively.

scholarly journals Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) Loaded Porous Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) Electrodes Used in a Capacitive Deionization (CDI) Cell for Effective Desalination

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Aldalbahi ◽  
Mostafizur Rahaman ◽  
Mohammed Almoiqli ◽  
Abdelrazig Hamedelniel ◽  
Abdulaziz Alrehaili
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Reticulated Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon

Acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube (a-SWCNT)-coated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) composite electrodes have been prepared and the use of these electrodes in capacitive deionization (CDI) cells for water desalination has been the focus of this study. The performance of these electrodes was tested based on the applied voltage, flow rate, bias potential and a-SWCNT loadings, and then evaluated by electrosorption dynamics. The effect of the feed stream directly through the electrodes, between the electrodes, and the distance between the electrodes in the CDI system on the performance of the electrodes has been investigated. The interaction of ions with the electrodes was tested through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. A new CDI cell was developed, which shows an increase of 23.96% in electrosorption capacity compared to the basic CDI cells. Moreover, a comparison of our results with the published results reveals that RVC/a-SWCNT electrodes produce 16 times more pure water compared to the ones produced using only CNT-based electrodes. Finally, it can be inferred that RVC/a-SWCNT composite electrodes in newly-developed CDI cells can be effectively used in desalination technology for water purification.

scholarly journals Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbenro Folaranmi ◽  
Mikhael Bechelany ◽  
Philippe Sistat ◽  
Marc Cretin ◽  
Francois Zaviska
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Solvated Ions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Simple Potential

Electrochemical water desalination has been a major research area since the 1960s with the development of capacitive deionization technique. For the latter, its modus operandi lies in temporary salt ion adsorption when a simple potential difference (1.0–1.4 V) of about 1.2 V is supplied to the system to temporarily create an electric field that drives the ions to their different polarized poles and subsequently desorb these solvated ions when potential is switched off. Capacitive deionization targets/extracts the solutes instead of the solvent and thus consumes less energy and is highly effective for brackish water. This paper reviews Capacitive Deionization (mechanism of operation, sustainability, optimization processes, and shortcomings) with extension to its counterparts (Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization).

scholarly journals Water Desalination Using Capacitive Deionization with Microporous Carbon Electrodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Porada ◽  
L. Weinstein ◽  
R. Dash ◽  
A. van der Wal ◽  
M. Bryjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microporous Carbon ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization

High-performance water desalination of heteroatom nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped open hollow tubular porous carbon electrodes via capacitive deionization

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3359-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yajing Huang ◽  
Dehua Xia ◽  
Lingling Hu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Promising Electrode Material

Heteroatom nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped porous carbon with a unique open hollow tubular structure is a promising electrode material for water desalination in CDI systems.

scholarly journals Biomorphic microchanneled electrodes for enhanced water desalination through capacitive deionization

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline O. Brotto ◽  
Natan Padoin ◽  
Carlos R. Rambo ◽  
Cíntia Soares
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Simulated Seawater ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This work reports the preparation of rattan-derived carbon electrodes and their application in capacitive deionization technology for desalination. Desalination tests were performed with different concentrations of simulated seawater in a continuous mode with gravity as the driving force and applied voltages of 0.8 and 1.2 V. Electrosorption kinetics were performed to verify desalination of the saline solutions over time. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure of the biomorphic carbon is composed of porous microchannels with diameters of around 300 mm, which allowed both fluid flow and ion retention. The kinetics of the electrosorption presented excellent results concerning desalination of highly concentrated solutions using low voltages.

Corrugated graphene layers for sea water desalination using capacitive deionization

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 8552-8562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Dahanayaka ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Zhongqiao Hu ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Adrian Wing-Keung Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Graphene Membrane

Graphene membrane corrugation highly enhances ion adsorption in the capacitive deionization process.

Hydrophobic Ferrocene Derivatives as Potential Standards in Electrochemistry

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Podlaha ◽  
Petr Štěpnička ◽  
Róbert Gyepes ◽  
Vladimír Mareček ◽  
Alexander Lhotský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferrocene Derivatives ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
As Solubility

Ferrocene (FcH) derivatives monosubstituted by palmitoyl (1), hexadecyl (2), 1-adamantoyl (3) or 1-adamantylmethyl (4) groups were sythesized and characterized by NMR, mass and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. The structure of 1-adamantoylferrocene was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry on gold and glass-like carbon electrodes demonstrated that the compounds can serve as electrochemical standards for special cases since their ferrocene/ferricinium redox potential remains stable and reversible, while the properties such as solubility, diffusion coefficients and surface tension are strongly solvent-dependent.

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